Timeline of malnutrition

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This is a timeline of malnutrition.

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Time period Development summary More details
Before c.10,000 BC Hunting and gathering era This period occupies about 90% of human history. People fare arguably better during this time than during the post agricultural revolution era, as the reduced population and nomadism are able to cope better with food scarcity. Also, hunter-gatherers enjoy a varied diet, while early farmers would obtain most of their food from one or a few starchy crops.
c.10,000 BC onwards Post First Agricultural Revolution era An increase in food production is followed by a population increase, making hunting and gathering an impossible return for most of the world due to the size of human density. This time represents a change in diet and nutrition, which becomes less rich due to the proliferation of monoculture. Famines abound as a consequence of several risks carried by agriculture, like droughts and floods.
c.18th–19th centuries onwards Liberal capitalist era A spectacular growth of wealth is experienced in this era. Capitalism creates abundance unmatched in human history. Famine becomes rare in those countries adopting free market.
Mid 20th century onwards Raise of overnutrition Modern food production system, focused on increasing output, successfully meets, and even exceeds, the nutritional needs of consumers in developed countries. Not only it satisfies energy, protein and fat requirements, but it reduces real prices of food. One of the consequences of this is the raise of overnutrition among the population for the first time in human history.[1]

Full timeline

Year Category Event type Details Country/location
1847 The British Relief Association is established.[2][3] United Kingdom (London)
1921 Overnutrition The first fast-food hamburger chain, White Castle, is founded in Wichita, Kansas.[4]
1935 Undernutrition Medical development Jamaican pediatrician Cicely Williams introduces the term Kwashiorkor in a Lancet article, two years after she published the disease's first formal description. Kwashiorkor is a form of severe protein–energy malnutrition characterized by edema and an enlarged liver with fatty infiltrates.[5][6]
1945 Organization The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) is established.
1946 Undernutrition Organization Freedom from Hunger is founded. Throughout the decades, it would be responsible for a number of hunger alleviation programs in Latin America, Asia and Africa.[7] United States
1955 Overnutrition Ray Kroc founds the first McDonald’s in Des Plaines, Illinois.[4] United States
1961 Undernutrition Organization The World Food Programme is established.[8][9][10]
1967 Overnutrition "High fructose corn syrup was first introduced by The Food and Drug Administration and appeared in fast food. This new substance was primarily used in soft drinks and to sweeten processed food items."[4]
1969 "A White House Conference on Food, Nutrition, and Health was organized by President Richard Nixon to draw attention to widespread malnutrition and the nutritional problems of Americans. The conference goal was to compose a national nutrition policy and determine how to make it effective."[4]
1969 Undernutrition High energy food K-Mix 2 is developed by UNICEF as a therapeutic food in response to the Nigerian Civil War.[11][12]
1973 "The Food and Drug Administration created the first regulations that required the nutrition labeling of foods. These regulations made any foods that were advertised or labeled based on their nutritional value to provide full nutrition facts."[4]
1974 Organization The World Food Council is established by the United Nations General Assembly as a coordinating body with the purpose for national ministries of agriculture to help alleviate malnutrition and hunger and to facilitate the development of new agricultural techniques to increase food production.[13][14]
1974 Undernutrition Organization Non-profit vegan food relief organization Food for Life Global is founded.[15]
1974 Universal Declaration on the Eradication of Hunger and Malnutrition [16][17][18] Italy (Rome)
1975 Undernutrition Organization United States non-governmental organization WhyHunger is founded. It works around the world to support grassroots-led social movements, organizations, alliances and leaders working to end hunger and poverty.[19][20][21]
1977 Undernutrition Organization The Hunger Project is founded as an organization committed to the sustainable end of world hunger.[22][23][24] United States
1979 Undernutrition Organization Action Against Hunger [25][26]
1982 Overnutrition Organization The Obesity Society is founded. It is focused on obesity science, treatment and prevention.[27][28]
1985 Project Open Hand [29][30][31]
1989 Overnutrition "Wendy’s first introduced their $0.99 Super Value Menu, which consisted of several popular items for a bargain. "[4]
1990 Undernutrition Statistics There are a reported 216 million undernourished people in the world.[32] Worldwide
1992 Undernutrition Food Donation Connection [33][34]
1992 Organization Nutrition International [35][36][37]
2000 Overnutrition National Obesity Forum [38]
2000 Undernutrition Organization The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation is founded. United States
2002 Overnutrition "A group of overweight children sued the McDonald’s Corporation for obesity related health problems because of their consumption of McDonald’s products. The children wanted more accessible nutritional labeling of products and appropriate funding for programs to educate consumers about the risks of fast food. "[4]
2002 Undernutrition Program launch The United Nations Special Session on Children sets a goal of the elimination of vitamin A deficiency by 2010.[39]
2002 Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition [40][41][42]
2003 Nutrition and Education International [43][44]
2003–2005 Statistics According to FAO food balances, available calories in OECD countries average 3,400 per person, up from 2,900 in 1964-66. Similar increases are recorded outside the OECD, in Latin America, North Africa and Asia-Pacific, where daily per capita caloric availability now generally exceeds 3,000 calories per person.[1]
2006 Undernutrition The Global Hunger Index is established.[45][46]
2007 Undernutrition Organization World Hunger Relief[47][48]
2007 Overnutrition Organization National Policy and Legal Analysis Network to Prevent Childhood Obesity.[49] United States
2007 Undernutrition Statistics 923 million people are reported as being undernourished, an increase of 80 million since 1990-92.[50] Worldwide
2008 The World Health Organization estimates that globally, half of all cases of undernutrition in children under five are caused by unsafe water, inadequate sanitation or insufficient hygiene.[51] Worldwide
2008 Undernutrition Organization Nourishing USA is founded.[52][53] United States
2010 Statistics As of date, malnutrition is reported to be the cause of 1.4% of all disability adjusted life years.[54]
2011 Overnutrition EPODE International Network [55]
2011 Undernutrition Medical development An international consensus group adopts a definition of cachexia as “a multifactorial syndrome defined by an ongoing loss of skeletal muscle mass (with or without loss of fat mass) that can be partially but not entirely reversed by conventional nutritional support.”[56]
2012 Undernutrition Organization National Crusade Against Hunger (Mexico) [57] Mexico
2012–2018 Undernutrition The number of stunted children decreases from 165.8 million to 148.9 million in the period.[58] Worldwide
2013 Overnutrition "Wendy’s enhanced the size and names of their drinks to keep up with the demand for soda from their consumers. They changed the name of their 32-ounce soda “biggie” to medium, added large 42-ounce soda, changed medium French fries to small, “biggie” to medium, and “great biggie” to large."[4]
2013 Undernutrition An estimated 165 million children are estimated to have stunted growth from malnutrition in the year.[59] Worldwide
2014 Undernutrition Statistics There are a reported 795 million undernourished people in the world in in the year, a decrease of 216 million since 1990.[32] Worldwide
2014 Undernutrition Program launch ShareTheMeal is founded. It is a crowdfunding smartphone application to fight global hunger through the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP). It enables users to make small donations to specific WFP projects and to track its progress. [60]
2014 Overnutrition Organization Global Energy Balance Network is founded. It is a US-based nonprofit claiming to fund research into causes of obesity.[61] United States
2014 Undernutrition Organization No Food Waste is founded in India to address the problem of hunger.[62] India
2015 Undernutrition Program launch The European Union and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation launch a partnership to combat undernutrition especially in children. The program initiatilly is expected to be implemented in Bangladesh, Burundi, Ethiopia, Kenya, Laos and Niger, aiming at helping these countries to improve information and analysis about nutrition so they can develop effective national nutrition policies.[63] Worldwide
2015 Undernutrition Statistics Protein-energy malnutrition is estimated to result in 323,000 deaths worldwide.[64] Worldwide
2015 Undernutrition Statistics One in seven newborns, or 20.5 million babies globally, suffer from low birthweight in the year, with wide variations across regions, from 7.0 percent in Northern America and Europe to 17.3 percent in Asia.[58] Worldwide
2017 Undernutrition Statistics More than 75 percent of the world’s hungry, 78 percent of the stunted children and 64 percent of the extreme poor live in middle-income countries, and only in a handful of the world’s poorest countries.[58] Developing world
2018 Undernutrition Statistics The United Nations estimates that there were 821 million undernourished people in the world in the year (10.8% of the total population).[65] Worldwide
2018 Overnutrition Statistics Globally, overweight affects 40.1 million children under five years of age in the year. While Asia and Africa have the lowest overweight prevalence (5.2 percent and 4.9 percent respectively), together they account for nearly three-quarters of all overweight under-fives in the world (46.9 percent in Asia and 23.8 percent in Africa).[58] Worldwide
2018 Undernutrition Statistics Worldwide, 49.5 million children under five are affected by acute malnutrition or wasting. More than two-thirds of all wasted children under five live in Asia.[58] Worldwide

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See also

External links

References

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  5. Williams CD (July 1983) [1933]. "Fifty years ago. Archives of Diseases in Childhood 1933. A nutritional disease of childhood associated with a maize diet". Archives of Disease in Childhood. 58 (7): 550–60. PMC 1628206Freely accessible. PMID 6347092. doi:10.1136/adc.58.7.550. 
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