Timeline of microscopy

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Time period Development summary
17th century "Then, in the mid 17th century, an Englishman, Robert Hooke and a Dutchman, Anthony Van Leeuwenhoek took the microscope to new levels"[1]
21st century "One of the more original innovations in the 21st century has been Dino-Lite Digital microscopes. Dino-Lite are handheld digital microscopes"[1]

Full timeline

Year Event type Details Location
100 AD Glass is invented and the Romans looking through the glass and test it, discovering that if helding one of these “lenses” over an object, the object would look larger.[2]
14th century "14th century: spectacles first made in Italy"[1] Italy
1590 " 1590, two Dutch spectacle makers, Zaccharias Janssen and his father Hans started experimenting with these lenses. They put several lenses in a tube and made a very important discovery. The object near the end of the tube appeared to be greatly enlarged, much larger than any simple magnifying glass could achieve by itself! They had just invented the compound microscope (which is a microscope that uses two or more lenses)."[2]
1667 Literature (book) "1667: Robert Hooke's famous "Micrographia" is published, which outlines Hooke's various studies using the microscope."[1]
1675 "1675: Enter Anton van Leeuwenhoek, who used a microscope with one lens to observe insects and other specimen. Leeuwenhoek was the first to observe bacteria. 18th century: As technology improved, microscopy became more popular among scientists. Part of this was due to the discovery that combining two types of glass reduced the chromatic effect."[1]
1830 "1830: Joseph Jackson Lister discovers that using weak lenses together at various distances provided clear magnification."[1]
1878 "1878: A mathematical theory linking resolution to light wavelength is invented by Ernst Abbe"[1]
1879 "In 1879, Walter Flemming discovered cell mitosis and chromosomes, an achievement recognized as one of the 100 most important scientific achievements of all time."[1]
1880 "In 1880, the first microtomes began to be used that enabled significantly thinner samples to be prepared in order to improve sample."[1]
1893 " In 1893, another Zeiss employee, August Kohler figured out an unparalleled illumination system that is still known as Kohler illumination. Using double diaphragms, the system provides triple benefits of a uniformly illuminated specimen, a bright image and minimal glare. In other words, Kohler achieved an almost perfect image."[1]
1900 "UV and Phase: By 1900, the theoretic limit of resolution for visible light microscopes (2000 angstroms) had been reached. "[1]
1903 "1903: Richard Zsigmondy invents the ultramicroscope, which allows for observation of specimens below the wavelength of light."[1]
1904 "In 1904, Zeiss overcame this limitation with the introduction the first commercial UV microscope with resolution twice that of a visible light microscope."[1]
1931 "In 1931 Max Knoll and Ernst Ruska invented the first electron microscope that blasted past the optical limitations of the light."[1]
1932 "1932: Transparent biological materials are studied for the first time using Frits Xernike's invention of the phase-contrast microscope."[1]
1938 "1938: Just six years after the invention of the phase contrast microscope comes the electron microscope, developed by Ernst Ruska, who realized that using electrons in microscopy enhanced resolution."[1]
1941 ". In 1930 Fritz Zernike discovered he could view unstained cells using the phase angle of rays. Spurned by Zeiss, his phase contrast innovation was not introduced until 1941 although he went on to win a Nobel Prize for his work in 1953."[1]
1942 " Then, in 1942, Ruska improved on the transmission electron microscope (previously buil by Knoll and Ruska) by building built the first scanning electron microscope (SEM) that transmits a beam of electrons across the specimen."[1]
1981 "1981: 3-D specimen images possible with the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope by Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer."[1]

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The initial version of the timeline was written by User:Sebastian.

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References

  1. 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 "History of Microscopes". microscope.com. Retrieved 14 January 2019. 
  2. 2.0 2.1 "Microscope History - Who Invented the Microscope?". microscopeworld.com. Retrieved 14 January 2019.