Difference between revisions of "Timeline of mobile telephony"

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| 2000 (June) || Product || South Korean [[w:Multinational corporation|multinational]] [[w:Conglomerate (company)|conglomerate]] {{w|Samsung}}  releases {{w|SCH-V200}}, which integrates {{w|digital camera}} and {{w|mobile phone}}, in a unit that can take up to 20 pictures at 640 x 480 (350,000 {{w|pixel}} [[w:Charge-coupled device|CCD]], 1 MB internal storage).<ref name="">{{cite web|title=Samsung integrate digital camera and phone|url=https://www.dpreview.com/articles/1013905500/samsungdigiphone|website=dpreview.com|accessdate=27 July 2017}}</ref> || {{w|South Korea}}
 
| 2000 (June) || Product || South Korean [[w:Multinational corporation|multinational]] [[w:Conglomerate (company)|conglomerate]] {{w|Samsung}}  releases {{w|SCH-V200}}, which integrates {{w|digital camera}} and {{w|mobile phone}}, in a unit that can take up to 20 pictures at 640 x 480 (350,000 {{w|pixel}} [[w:Charge-coupled device|CCD]], 1 MB internal storage).<ref name="">{{cite web|title=Samsung integrate digital camera and phone|url=https://www.dpreview.com/articles/1013905500/samsungdigiphone|website=dpreview.com|accessdate=27 July 2017}}</ref> || {{w|South Korea}}
 
|-
 
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| 2000 (November) || || Japanese multinational {{w|Sharp Corporation}} releases the {{w|J-SH04}} mobile phone, the first ever phone with a built-in [[w:camera phone|camera]] (110,000-pixel CMOS) and [[w:color|color display]] (256-color display).<ref>{{cite web|first=Debjit|title=Sharp J-SH04: World’s First Ever Phone With Integrated Camera|url=http://gadgetizor.com/sharp-j-sh04-worlds-first-ever-phone-with-integrated-camera-pictures-2001/5482/|publisher=Digitizor Media & Web, Inc.|accessdate=26 August 2012}}</ref> || {{w|Japan}}  
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| 2000 (November) || || Japanese multinational {{w|Sharp Corporation}} releases the {{w|J-SH04}} mobile phone, the first ever phone with a built-in [[w:camera phone|camera]] (110,000-pixel CMOS) and [[w:color|color display]] (256-color display).<ref>{{cite web|title=Sharp J-SH04: World’s First Ever Phone With Integrated Camera|url=http://gadgetizor.com/sharp-j-sh04-worlds-first-ever-phone-with-integrated-camera-pictures-2001/5482/|publisher=Digitizor Media & Web, Inc.|accessdate=26 August 2012}}</ref> || {{w|Japan}}  
 
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| 2001 || || QWERTY<ref name="Week 3- Timeline of the cell-phone"/> ||
 
| 2001 || || QWERTY<ref name="Week 3- Timeline of the cell-phone"/> ||
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| 2001 || Technology || "The world’s first 3G service began in Japan in October 2001 with a system offered by NTT DoCoMo"  The world's first commercial [[w:Code-division multiple access|W-CDMA]] service, {{w|FOMA}}, is launched by {{w|NTT DoCoMo}} in Japan.<ref name="Mobile telephone britannica"/>  For the first time, mobile devices are fast enough to support {{w|online video}} and music streaming.<ref name="History of Mobile Cell Phones | The First Cell Phone To Present Time"/> ||  
 
| 2001 || Technology || "The world’s first 3G service began in Japan in October 2001 with a system offered by NTT DoCoMo"  The world's first commercial [[w:Code-division multiple access|W-CDMA]] service, {{w|FOMA}}, is launched by {{w|NTT DoCoMo}} in Japan.<ref name="Mobile telephone britannica"/>  For the first time, mobile devices are fast enough to support {{w|online video}} and music streaming.<ref name="History of Mobile Cell Phones | The First Cell Phone To Present Time"/> ||  
 
|-
 
|-
| 2002 || Product || The first {{w|smart phone}} is invented.<ref name="cell phone Timeline"/><ref name="Week 3- Timeline of the cell-phone"/> ||
+
| 2002 || Product release || The first {{w|smart phone}} is invented.<ref name="cell phone Timeline"/><ref name="Week 3- Timeline of the cell-phone"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 2002 (June) || Organization || The {{w|Open Mobile Alliance}} (OMA) is formed as a {{w|standards body}} with aims at developing {{w|open standard}}s for the {{w|mobile phone}} industry. ||
 
| 2002 (June) || Organization || The {{w|Open Mobile Alliance}} (OMA) is formed as a {{w|standards body}} with aims at developing {{w|open standard}}s for the {{w|mobile phone}} industry. ||
 
|-
 
|-
| 2002 || Product || The {{w|Sanyo SCP–5300}} is released. It allows users to view photos on a screen for the first time, instead of plugging it into a computer.<ref name="cell phone Timeline"/><ref name="1876 to 2015 – the History of the Mobile Phone"/> ||
+
| 2002 || Product release || The {{w|Sanyo SCP–5300}} is released. It allows users to view photos on a screen for the first time, instead of plugging it into a computer.<ref name="cell phone Timeline"/><ref name="1876 to 2015 – the History of the Mobile Phone"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 2002 || Research || Finnish scientists claim that the electromagnetic radiation affect brain tissue.<ref name="Constant Touch: A Global History of the Mobile Phone"/> ||
 
| 2002 || Research || Finnish scientists claim that the electromagnetic radiation affect brain tissue.<ref name="Constant Touch: A Global History of the Mobile Phone"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
| 2003 || Product || The {{w|Nokia 1100}} is released. It would become the biggest–selling phone of all time.<ref name="1876 to 2015 – the History of the Mobile Phone"/> ||
+
| 2003 || Product release || The {{w|Nokia 1100}} is released. It would become the biggest–selling phone of all time.<ref name="1876 to 2015 – the History of the Mobile Phone"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 2004 || Research || German–led European laboratory study using mouse models announces that mobile radiation could cause genetic damage.<ref name="Constant Touch: A Global History of the Mobile Phone"/> ||
 
| 2004 || Research || German–led European laboratory study using mouse models announces that mobile radiation could cause genetic damage.<ref name="Constant Touch: A Global History of the Mobile Phone"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
| 2005 || Product || The {{w|Casio GZ'One}} is released as the first waterproof phone.<ref name="1876 to 2015 – the History of the Mobile Phone"/> ||
+
| 2005 || Product release || The {{w|Casio GZ'One}} is released as the first waterproof phone.<ref name="1876 to 2015 – the History of the Mobile Phone"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 2005 || || {{w|Mobile operating system}} [[w:Android (operating system)|Android]] is acquired by {{w|Google}}. This step shows that Google is serious about developing mobile technology.<ref name="1876 to 2015 – the History of the Mobile Phone"/> || United States
 
| 2005 || || {{w|Mobile operating system}} [[w:Android (operating system)|Android]] is acquired by {{w|Google}}. This step shows that Google is serious about developing mobile technology.<ref name="1876 to 2015 – the History of the Mobile Phone"/> || United States
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| 2008 || || "In 2008 the  International Telecommunication Union (ITU) set forward a list of requirements for what it called IMT-Advanced, or 4G; these requirements included data rates of 1 gigabit per second for a stationary user and 100 megabits per second for a moving user."<ref name="Mobile telephone britannica"/> ||
 
| 2008 || || "In 2008 the  International Telecommunication Union (ITU) set forward a list of requirements for what it called IMT-Advanced, or 4G; these requirements included data rates of 1 gigabit per second for a stationary user and 100 megabits per second for a moving user."<ref name="Mobile telephone britannica"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
| 2008 || || "By 2008, all AMPS service was shut down across North America, marking the end of an era."<ref name="History of Mobile Cell Phones | The First Cell Phone To Present Time"/> ||
+
| 2008 || || The whole {{w|Advanced Mobile Phone System}} (AMPS) service is shut down across {{w|North America}}. This would be considered the end of an era.<ref name="History of Mobile Cell Phones | The First Cell Phone To Present Time"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 2008 || || The first {{w|4G}} networks are introduced. ||
 
| 2008 || || The first {{w|4G}} networks are introduced. ||

Revision as of 12:37, 27 July 2017

This is a timeline of mobile telephony.

Big picture

Time period Development summary
1900s Radio transmission is achieved by creating bursts of sparks generated by electrical voltages.[1]
1930s The idea of a cell phone begins.[2]
1940s "Communication by mobile radios becomes more common. By the 1940's most government agencies, as well as the rich people, had mobile radios. They used them while they were on the go to talk to others."[3] AT&T and Bell Labs introduce cellular technology. However, mobile phones would not develop widespread use at the time.[4] US Signal Corps communicate via radio in field during World War 2.[5]
1960s Researchers develop the technology systems – like frequency reuse and handoff – that would lead to modern cellular networks.[4] In the United States, Bell Labs prepares a detailed plan for implementing the cellular system.[6]
1980s The first–generation mobile phone system is introduced in North America.[6]
1990s Second–generation wireless telephone technology (2G) becomes available.[7] Mobile phone operators start offering prepay mobile phones. European and American networks start to split apart and compete against one another.[4]

Full timeline

Year Event type Details
1876 (March 10) Antecedent Scottish-born Alexander Graham Bell, the inventor of the telephone, makes the first phone call.[8] United States
1894 Italian inventor Guglielmo Marconi transmits signals over the distance of 2 kms.[9]
1906 Canadian-born inventor Reginald Fessenden manages to broadcast music through radio.[9]
1908 A man claims to have invented a wireless telephone. Being considered so crazy for this time, he is accused of fraud. The charges are later dropped.[4]
1921 "The first car-to-car radios are used " "The Detroit Police Department began using mobile radios in their police cars. They used them to talk between cars, but it didn't work very well."[3][10]
1924 Wireless phones are tested on trains running between Berlin and Hamburg.[4] Germany
1940 Second World War: "Starting in 1940, hand-held radio receivers had been widely available, opening up communications in battlefields around the world."[4]
1945 "The first mobile phone service is established. The first service created just for mobile phones opened up in St. Louis, MO, but the service didn't work well and it didn't last."[3][10]
1946 (June) "By June 17, 1946, Bell Labs had begun to offer mobile telephone services on vehicles in St. Louis, Missouri. A few weeks later, AT&T matched Bell Labs, offering something called Mobile Telephone Service, which was a wide range of mostly incompatible mobile telephone services that offered limited coverage areas and a small number of available channels."[4]
1946 "In the United States, interconnection of mobile transmitters and receivers with the public switched telephone network (PSTN) began in 1946, with the introduction of mobile telephone service (MTS) by the American Telephone & Telegraph Company (AT&T)."[11] United States
1947 Technology Engineers at Bell Labs seek ways to implement cell service in vehicles, theorizing that hexagonal cells would work best for them. The first car phone service is attempted. A car phone service opens between Boston and New York, but this service soon fails.[3] The same year, base stations for mobile phones come into being when engineers from Bell Labs develop the first stations.[4] United States
1947 American research company Bell Labs is the first to propose a cellular radio telephone network.[1][6]
1948 Service coverage The Mobile Telephone Service, initially only available in Saint Louis, becomes now available in about 100 towns in the United States. "With this service, an estimated 5,000 customers placed approximately 30,000 calls each week. Each call had to be manually connected by an operator. The system also functioned similar to a Walkie-Talkie: you had to push down a button your handset to talk, then release that button to listen." The Mobile Telephone Service in the vehicle requires about 36kg of equipment. An expensive service, it costs approximately US$ 15 per month (same buying power as $154.76 in 2017) plus an additional $0.30 to $0.40 per local call. [4] United States
1952 Network launch A-Netz network is launched as a Mobile Radio Network in West Germany.[4]
1956 "A second attempt at car phones is made. The second attempt at car phones was a success. The equipment was large and heavy, but it worked, and that was an improvement over the past."[3]
1960 Network launch Ericsson Company releases the first fully automated mobile telephone. Introduced in Sweden, the system, known in Swedish as Mobiltelefonisystem A (MTA), allows for automated connection from a rotary handset (that’s the circular dialing knob to me and you) mounted within a car, but requires an operator to forward calls.[9][12][12] Sweden
1957–1961 "Between 1957 and 1961, Soviet inventor Leonid Kupriyanovich developed a number of mobile phones that looked surprisingly similar to modern mobile devices. One of Leonid’s phones weighed just 70 grams and could easily fit into the palm of your hand."[4]
1959 " Post Office Radiophone Service, and it was launched in Manchester in 1959. This system also required callers to connect through an operator. However, that operator could connect users to any subscriber across all of Great Britain."[4]
1962 Mobiltelefonisystem A (MTA) is replaced by Mobiltelefonisystem B (MTB), which uses transistorized mobile sets. This system would last until 1983.[12] Sweden
1964 Pre-cellular VHF/UHF radio system launch Improved Mobile Telephone Service (IMTS) is introduced by AT&T as a replacement to Mobile Telephone Service (MTS) and improved on most MTS systems by offering direct-dial rather than connections through a live operator.[11]
1968 System standard development Bell Labs starts developing the Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS) standard.[6]
1971 "The term "cell" comes into play" "AT & T proposed splitting phone service into different areas across the cities. These areas were called "cells"."[3][10]
1971 Network launch Autoradiopuhelin (ARP) network is launched in Finland. It is one of the first successful public commercial mobile phone networks. Finland
1972 Network launch B-Netz mobile radio network is launched in West Germany.[4] Germany
1973 The first mobile call is made by a Motorola employee. The phone weighs over a kilo and takes 10 hours to charge.[8] "On April 3, 1973, Martin Cooper, a Motorola researcher and executive, made the first analog mobile phone call using a heavy prototype model. He called Dr. Joel S. Engel of Bell Labs."[13] "In 1973, 10 years before a cell phone was first released onto the market, the first cell phone call was made by Motorola researcher and executive Martin Cooper"[4]
1979 (December) Technology 1G, the first generation of wireless telephone technology, is launched in Japan by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT). It becomes the world's first mobile phone network to be launched.[8] Initially deployed in the metropolitan area of Tokyo, within five years, the NTT network expand to cover the whole population of Japan and becomes the first nationwide 1G network.[11][7][4] Japan
1981 "In 1981, the Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) system simultaneously launched in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. NMT was the first mobile phone network to feature international roaming."[8][11]
1981 The Saudi mobile phone network becomes operational.[6]
1983 The Advanced Mobile Phone System is officially introduced in North America.[14][15]
1983 (March 6) The world’s first cell phone is launched. "In 1983, the first 1G network launched in the USA was Chicago-based Ameritech using the Motorola DynaTAC mobile phone." The Motorola DynaTAC 8000X becomes the first mobile for sale in the United States. It costs US$ 4000 (equivalent to $9,894.75 in 2017).[8][11][4] American engineer Martin Cooper is credited with developing the device.[5] United States
1983 " the total access communication system (TACS), deployed in the United Kingdom in 1983"[11][6] United Kingdom
1984 Airborne cellular systems: "In the United States the North American terrestrial system (NATS) was introduced by GTE Corporation in 1984" "These in-flight telephones, known by the generic name aeronautical public correspondence (APC) systems, are of two types: terrestrial-based,"[11]
1985 The Nordic Mobile Telephone grows to 110,000 subscribers in Scandinavia and Finland, 63,300 in Norway alone, which makes it the world's largest mobile network at the time.[16]
1985 The first mobile call in the United Kingdom is made.[8] United Kingdom
1985 The Radio Telephone Network C (C-Netz), is introduced in Germany as a first generation analog cellular phone system. Germany
1985 "Beginning in 1985, a study group of the Geneva-based International Telecommunication Union (ITU) began to consider specifications for Future Public Land Mobile Telephone Systems (FPLMTS). These specifications eventually became the basis for a set of “third-generation” (3G) cellular standards, known collectively as IMT-2000."[11]
1988 "In 1988 a group of government-owned public telephone bodies within the European Community announced the digital global system for mobile communications, referred to as GSM, the first such system that would permit any cellular user in one European country to operate in another European country with the same equipment. GSM soon became ubiquitous throughout Europe."[11]
1989 Product Motorola MicroTAC 9800X is released. It becomes the first phone to feature a flip–down, and also the smallest and lightest phone available at the time.[17][8]
1990 Technology The old AMPS networks are replaced by w:Digital AMPS (D-AMPS).[4]
1991 Technology "Second-generation 2G cellular telecom networks were commercially launched on the GSM standard in Finland by Radiolinja (now part of Elisa Oyj) in 1991."[18]" The first wireless Internet access becomes available as part of this generation.[7] The first GSM call is made by the Finnish prime minister in Finland. [6] Finland
1992 (December 3) The first text message is sent.[8][10]
1992 "In Europe the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) adopted a terrestrial APC system known as the terrestrial flight telephone system (TFTS) in 1992"[11]
1993 " The world’s first SMS text message was sent in Finland in 1993."[4] Finland
1994 (August 16) The IBM Simon features a touch screen and is the first phone to feature apps. It costs US$ 899.[8] "many call 1993’s IBM Simon the world’s first smartphone."[4]
1996 "The first mobile phone to enable internet connectivity and wireless email, the Nokia Communicator, was released in 1996, creating a new category of multi-use devices called smartphones"
1996 (January) Product The Motorola StarTAC is release as a clamshell mobile phone. Manufactured by Motorola is the first ever clamshell/flip mobile phone.[19][8][4] United States
1996 The Nokia 8110 is launched. Its distinctive styling is the first example of a 'slider' form factor.[8]
1997 Product Dutch technology company Philips introduces "The Synergy", an early attempt at a digital smartphone. The unit provides wireless access to e-mail, internet and faxes.[5][10]
1997 (December) Nokia 6110 is launched. "Rumor has it this phone could survive a nuclear explosion. You could throw this phone off buildings, drop it on the floor, and nothing seemed to phase it. It also had a whopping three (!) games, including the ever-popular Memory, Snake, and Logic".[4]
1997–1998 "The first LEO system intended for commercial service was the Iridium system, designed by Motorola, Inc., and owned by Iridium LLC, a consortium made up of corporations and governments from around the world. The Iridium concept employed a constellation of 66 satellites orbiting in six planes around Earth. They were launched from May 1997 to May 1998, and commercial service began in November 1998"[11]
1998 The first 3G networks are introduced.[8]
1998 Mobile payments are trialled in Finland and Sweden.[1] Finland, Sweden
1999 Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) technical standard is made available for mobile devices.[8]
1999–2002 "Another LEO system, Globalstar, consisted of 48 satellites that were launched about the same time as the Iridium constellation. Globalstar began offering service in October 1999, though it too went into bankruptcy, in February 2002; a reorganized Globalstar LP continued to provide service thereafter."[11]
1999 The first mobile commercial payment system to mimic banks and credit cards is launched in the Philippines, simultaneously by mobile operators Globe Telecom and Smart Communications.[2]
2000 GSM networks evolve into GPRS (2.5G) and becomes available.[6]
2000 (June) Product South Korean multinational conglomerate Samsung releases SCH-V200, which integrates digital camera and mobile phone, in a unit that can take up to 20 pictures at 640 x 480 (350,000 pixel CCD, 1 MB internal storage).[20] South Korea
2000 (November) Japanese multinational Sharp Corporation releases the J-SH04 mobile phone, the first ever phone with a built-in camera (110,000-pixel CMOS) and color display (256-color display).[21] Japan
2001 QWERTY[10]
2001 Technology "The world’s first 3G service began in Japan in October 2001 with a system offered by NTT DoCoMo" The world's first commercial W-CDMA service, FOMA, is launched by NTT DoCoMo in Japan.[11] For the first time, mobile devices are fast enough to support online video and music streaming.[4]
2002 Product release The first smart phone is invented.[3][10]
2002 (June) Organization The Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) is formed as a standards body with aims at developing open standards for the mobile phone industry.
2002 Product release The Sanyo SCP–5300 is released. It allows users to view photos on a screen for the first time, instead of plugging it into a computer.[3][8]
2002 Research Finnish scientists claim that the electromagnetic radiation affect brain tissue.[1]
2003 Product release The Nokia 1100 is released. It would become the biggest–selling phone of all time.[8]
2004 Research German–led European laboratory study using mouse models announces that mobile radiation could cause genetic damage.[1]
2005 Product release The Casio GZ'One is released as the first waterproof phone.[8]
2005 Mobile operating system Android is acquired by Google. This step shows that Google is serious about developing mobile technology.[8] United States
2005 Policy The Cell Phone Recycle Act is passed in California.[3]
2005 Policy "The Finnish government decided in 2005 that the fastest way to warn citizens of disasters was the mobile phone network."
2006 British researcher at the University of Staffordshire links mental wellbeing issues, such as stress, to mobile use.[1] United Kingdom
2007 Product Steve Jobs unveils the Apple Iphone, which is released. It has finger–input touchscreen, no keyboard, intuitive interface and apps[3][8][1]
2007 Google opens Android operating system for free development and use, making its own services default for search, video and email.[8]
2007 South Korea launches the first 4G network.[8]
2007 Coverage "2007, there were 295 million 3G users around the world. That may seem impressive, but that number accounted for only 9% of the total worldwide number of mobile users."[4]
2008 "In 2008 the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) set forward a list of requirements for what it called IMT-Advanced, or 4G; these requirements included data rates of 1 gigabit per second for a stationary user and 100 megabits per second for a moving user."[11]
2008 The whole Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS) service is shut down across North America. This would be considered the end of an era.[4]
2008 The first 4G networks are introduced.
2008 HTC corporation releases the HTC Dream the first commercially released device to use the Linux-based Android operating system.[8]
2008 (july 10) The App Store (iOS) is launched, featuring 552 apps, 135 of which are free.[8]
2008 Microsoft deprecates windows mobile, saying that it can't compete with iPhone and Android. The development of Windows Phone begins.[8]
2009 (January) Whatsapp is launched.[8][22]
2009 "The Swedish telephone company TeliaSonera introduced the first 4G LTE network in Stockholm in 2009."[11]
2010 "The ITU in 2010 decided that two technologies, LTE-Advanced (Long Term Evolution; LTE) and WirelessMan-Advanced (also called WiMAX), met the requirements for a 4G; these requirements included data rates of 1 gigabit per second for a stationary user and 100 megabits per second for a moving user"[11]
2014 Facebook acquires Whatsapp for US$ 19 billion.[8]

See also

External links

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Agar, Jon. Constant Touch: A Global History of the Mobile Phone. Retrieved 25 July 2017. 
  2. 2.0 2.1 "cellular phone". prezi.com. Retrieved 25 July 2017. 
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 "cell phone Timeline". softschools.com. Retrieved 24 July 2017. 
  4. 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17 4.18 4.19 4.20 4.21 4.22 4.23 "History of Mobile Cell Phones, The First Cell Phone To Present Time". bebusinessed.com. Retrieved 26 July 2017. 
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 "A Photographic History of the Cell Phone". time.com. Retrieved 27 July 2017. 
  6. 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 O'Regan, Gerard. Introduction to the History of Computing: A Computing History Primer. Retrieved 26 July 2017. 
  7. 7.0 7.1 7.2 Hilbert, Jeffrey L. Tunable RF Components and Circuits: Applications in Mobile Handsets. Retrieved 26 July 2017. 
  8. 8.00 8.01 8.02 8.03 8.04 8.05 8.06 8.07 8.08 8.09 8.10 8.11 8.12 8.13 8.14 8.15 8.16 8.17 8.18 8.19 8.20 8.21 8.22 8.23 8.24 "1876 to 2015 – the History of the Mobile Phone". mcs-testequipment.com. Retrieved 24 July 2017. 
  9. 9.0 9.1 9.2 "Invention Story of Cell Phones". engineersgarage.com. Retrieved 27 July 2017. 
  10. 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 "Week 3- Timeline of the cell-phone". timetoast.com. Retrieved 27 July 2017. 
  11. 11.00 11.01 11.02 11.03 11.04 11.05 11.06 11.07 11.08 11.09 11.10 11.11 11.12 11.13 11.14 11.15 "Mobile telephone". britannica.com. Retrieved 25 July 2017. 
  12. 12.0 12.1 12.2 "A Brief History Of Mobile Phones". makeuseof.com. Retrieved 24 July 2017. 
  13. Shiels, Maggie (April 21, 2003). "BBC interview with Martin Cooper". BBC News. 
  14. AT&T Tech Channel (2011-06-13). "AT&T Archives : Testing the First Public Cell Phone Network". Techchannel.att.com. Archived from the original on 2013-10-29. Retrieved 2013-09-28. 
  15. MilestonesPast.
  16. Nordsveen, Arve M (28 November 2005). "Mobiltelefonens historie i Norge" (in Norwegian). Norsk Telemuseum. Archived from the original on 13 February 2007. 
  17. Motorola Has a Pocket-Size Cellular Phone Los Angeles, April 26, 1989
  18. "Radiolinja's History". 20 April 2004. Archived from the original on 23 October 2006. Retrieved 23 December 2009. 
  19. Tynan, Dan (2005-12-24). "The 50 Greatest Gadgets of the Past 50 Years". PC World. p. 2. Retrieved 25 July 2017. 
  20. "Samsung integrate digital camera and phone". dpreview.com. Retrieved 27 July 2017. 
  21. "Sharp J-SH04: World's First Ever Phone With Integrated Camera". Digitizor Media & Web, Inc. Retrieved 26 August 2012. 
  22. "Whatsapp Success Story". successstory.com. Retrieved 26 July 2017.