Difference between revisions of "Timeline of nonprofit evaluation"

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{{Attribute English Wikipedia|original-exists=yes}}
 
{{Attribute English Wikipedia|original-exists=yes}}
  
This is a '''timeline of nonprofit evaluation''', in particular [[Charity evaluator|charity evaluation]].
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This is a '''timeline of nonprofit evaluation''', in particular [[wikipedia:Charity evaluator|charity evaluation]].
  
 
==Big picture==
 
==Big picture==
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! Time period !! Key developments
 
! Time period !! Key developments
 
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| 1869–1930s || Scientific philanthropy (or scientific charity) begins. This movement is influenced by [[Social Darwinism]] in trying to exclude certain groups from receiving support, but is also focused on record-keeping and self-evaluation.<ref name=Stuhler/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://bostonreview.net/forum/logic-effective-altruism/emma-saunders-hastings-response-effective-altruism |author=Emma Saunders-Hastings |date=July 1, 2015 |title=The Logic of Effective Altruism |publisher=Boston Review |accessdate=July 17, 2016}}</ref>
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| 1869–1930s || Scientific philanthropy (or scientific charity) begins. This movement is influenced by [[wikipedia:Social Darwinism|Social Darwinism]] in trying to exclude certain groups from receiving support, but is also focused on record-keeping and self-evaluation.<ref name=Stuhler/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://bostonreview.net/forum/logic-effective-altruism/emma-saunders-hastings-response-effective-altruism |author=Emma Saunders-Hastings |date=July 1, 2015 |title=The Logic of Effective Altruism |publisher=Boston Review |accessdate=July 17, 2016}}</ref>
 
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| 1992–present || Starting with CharityWatch, this period sees the emergence of many charity watchdog organizations.
 
| 1992–present || Starting with CharityWatch, this period sees the emergence of many charity watchdog organizations.
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! Year !! Evaluation type !! Event !! Geographic location
 
! Year !! Evaluation type !! Event !! Geographic location
 
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| 1869 || Self-evaluation || [[Charity Organization Societies]] (COS) begin in England. In the US, the COS keeps centralized records and learn from each other, and is part of the [[Scientific Charity Movement]]. The COS is dominant in private charity until the 1930s.<ref name="Stuhler">{{cite web |url=http://www.socialwelfarehistory.com/programs/mental-health/scientific-charity-movement-charity-organization-societies/ |title=Scientific Charity Movement and Charity Organization Societies |first=Linda S. |last=Stuhler |accessdate=April 29, 2016}}</ref>|| [[England]], [[Germany]], [[United States]]
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| 1869 || Self-evaluation || [[wikipedia:Charity Organization Societies|Charity Organization Societies]] (COS) begin in England. In the US, the COS keeps centralized records and learn from each other, and is part of the [[wikipedia:Scientific Charity Movement|Scientific Charity Movement]]. The COS is dominant in private charity until the 1930s.<ref name="Stuhler">{{cite web |url=http://www.socialwelfarehistory.com/programs/mental-health/scientific-charity-movement-charity-organization-societies/ |title=Scientific Charity Movement and Charity Organization Societies |first=Linda S. |last=Stuhler |accessdate=April 29, 2016}}</ref>|| [[wikipedia:England|England]], [[wikipedia:Germany|Germany]], [[wikipedia:United States|United States]]
 
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| 1941 || Government regulation || [[Form 990]] is first used.<ref name="eotopicg02">{{cite web |url=https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-tege/eotopicg02.pdf |title=G. Form 990 |accessdate=January 29, 2016 |date=2002 |authors=Cheryl Chasin, Debra Kawecki and David Jones |publisher=Internal Revenue Service |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702072044/http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-tege/eotopicg02.pdf |archivedate=July 2, 2015}}</ref> Form 990 is an [[IRS tax forms|Internal Revenue Service form]] that provides the public with financial information about a nonprofit organization and is sometimes [[Form 990#Use by charity evaluation organizations|used by charity evaluation organizations]]. || United States
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| 1941 || Government regulation || [[wikipedia:Form 990|Form 990]] is first used.<ref name="eotopicg02">{{cite web |url=https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-tege/eotopicg02.pdf |title=G. Form 990 |accessdate=January 29, 2016 |date=2002 |authors=Cheryl Chasin, Debra Kawecki and David Jones |publisher=Internal Revenue Service |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702072044/http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-tege/eotopicg02.pdf |archivedate=July 2, 2015}}</ref> Form 990 is an [[wikipedia:IRS tax forms|Internal Revenue Service form]] that provides the public with financial information about a nonprofit organization and is sometimes [[wikipedia:Form 990#Use by charity evaluation organizations|used by charity evaluation organizations]]. || United States
 
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| 1956 || Resource || [[Foundation Center]] is founded.<ref name=fdncenter-about>{{cite web |url=http://foundationcenter.org/about/ |accessdate=April 27, 2016 |publisher=Foundation Center |title=About Foundation Center}}</ref> Among other activities, the Foundation Center provides databases with detailed information about nonprofits.<ref name=fdncenter-about/><ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.nytimes.com/1982/04/11/nyregion/information-center-aids-people-seeking-grants.html|title = INFORMATION CENTER AIDS PEOPLE SEEKING GRANTS|last = Teltsch|first = Kathleen|date = April 11, 1982|accessdate = June 26, 2016|publisher = ''[[New York Times]]''}}</ref> It is often cited in news reports on the state of foundation giving.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2000/03/29/us/foundation-giving-is-at-23-billion-high.html|title = Foundation Giving Is at $23 Billion High|last = Abelson|first = Reed|date = March 29, 2000|accessdate = June 26, 2016|publisher = ''[[New York Times]]''}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/31/us/31charity.html|title = Foundation Giving in ’08 Defied Huge Asset Decline|last = Strom|first = Stephanie|date = March 30, 2009|accessdate = June 26, 2016|publisher = ''[[New York Times]]''|authorlink = Stephanie Strom}}</ref> || United States
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| 1956 || Resource || [[wikipedia:Foundation Center|Foundation Center]] is founded.<ref name=fdncenter-about>{{cite web |url=http://foundationcenter.org/about/ |accessdate=April 27, 2016 |publisher=Foundation Center |title=About Foundation Center}}</ref> Among other activities, the Foundation Center provides databases with detailed information about nonprofits.<ref name=fdncenter-about/><ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.nytimes.com/1982/04/11/nyregion/information-center-aids-people-seeking-grants.html|title = INFORMATION CENTER AIDS PEOPLE SEEKING GRANTS|last = Teltsch|first = Kathleen|date = April 11, 1982|accessdate = June 26, 2016|publisher = ''[[wikipedia:New York Times|New York Times]]''}}</ref> It is often cited in news reports on the state of foundation giving.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2000/03/29/us/foundation-giving-is-at-23-billion-high.html|title = Foundation Giving Is at $23 Billion High|last = Abelson|first = Reed|date = March 29, 2000|accessdate = June 26, 2016|publisher = ''[[wikipedia:New York Times|New York Times]]''}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/31/us/31charity.html|title = Foundation Giving in ’08 Defied Huge Asset Decline|last = Strom|first = Stephanie|date = March 30, 2009|accessdate = June 26, 2016|publisher = ''[[wikipedia:New York Times|New York Times]]''|authorlink = Stephanie Strom}}</ref> || United States
 
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| 1966 || Foundation measuring nonprofit grantees || The [[Hewlett Foundation]] is established.<ref name=hewlett-family-history>{{cite web|url = http://www.hewlett.org/about-us/hewlett-family-history|title = William and Flora Hewlett and the Hewlett Foundation|publisher = [[Hewlett Foundation]]|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref> In the coming years, the Hewlett Foundation would focus on "outcome-focused grantmaking"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hewlett.org/uploads/files/Doing_Good_Today_and_Better_Tomorrow.pdf |title=Doing good today and better tomorrow |publisher=The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation Environment Program}}</ref> and start the [[Nonprofit Marketplace Initiative]], a funder of many charity evaluation organizations. ||
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| 1966 || Foundation measuring nonprofit grantees || The [[wikipedia:Hewlett Foundation|Hewlett Foundation]] is established.<ref name=hewlett-family-history>{{cite web|url = http://www.hewlett.org/about-us/hewlett-family-history|title = William and Flora Hewlett and the Hewlett Foundation|publisher = [[wikipedia:Hewlett Foundation|Hewlett Foundation]]|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref> In the coming years, the Hewlett Foundation would focus on "outcome-focused grantmaking"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hewlett.org/uploads/files/Doing_Good_Today_and_Better_Tomorrow.pdf |title=Doing good today and better tomorrow |publisher=The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation Environment Program}}</ref> and start the [[wikipedia:Nonprofit Marketplace Initiative|Nonprofit Marketplace Initiative]], a funder of many charity evaluation organizations. ||
 
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| 1982 || Resource || The [[National Center for Charitable Statistics]] (NCCS) launches. In 1986, NCCS would become a project of the Center on Nonprofits and Philanthropy at the [[Urban Institute]].<ref name=nccs-about>{{cite web|url = http://www.nccs.urban.org/about/index.cfm|title = About NCCS|publisher = [[National Center for Charitable Statistics]]|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref> NCCS is most famous for developing the [[National Taxonomy of Exempt Entities]] (NTEE). NTEE codes are used both by the IRS<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.irs.gov/instructions/i1023ez/|title = Instructions for Form 1023-EZ (08/2015). Streamlined Application for Recognition of Exemption Under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code|accessdate = June 26, 2016|publisher = [[Internal Revenue Service]]}}</ref> and by other resources and charity evaluators such as [[GuideStar]]<ref name=guidestar-ntee>{{cite web|url = https://learn.guidestar.org/help/ntee-codes|title = National Taxonomy of Exempt Entities (NTEE) Classification System|publisher = [[GuideStar]]|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref> and [[Charity Navigator]].<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.charitynavigator.org/index.cfm?bay=search.irs&ein=131818723|title = Charity Navigator rating for the Anti-Defamation League|accessdate = June 26, 2016|publisher = [[Charity Navigator]]}} (note that the description of the charity includes a NTEE code, classification, and type)</ref> || United States
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| 1982 || Resource || The [[wikipedia:National Center for Charitable Statistics|National Center for Charitable Statistics]] (NCCS) launches. In 1986, NCCS would become a project of the Center on Nonprofits and Philanthropy at the [[wikipedia:Urban Institute|Urban Institute]].<ref name=nccs-about>{{cite web|url = http://www.nccs.urban.org/about/index.cfm|title = About NCCS|publisher = [[wikipedia:National Center for Charitable Statistics|National Center for Charitable Statistics]]|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref> NCCS is most famous for developing the [[wikipedia:National Taxonomy of Exempt Entities|National Taxonomy of Exempt Entities]] (NTEE). NTEE codes are used both by the IRS<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.irs.gov/instructions/i1023ez/|title = Instructions for Form 1023-EZ (08/2015). Streamlined Application for Recognition of Exemption Under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code|accessdate = June 26, 2016|publisher = [[wikipedia:Internal Revenue Service|Internal Revenue Service]]}}</ref> and by other resources and charity evaluators such as [[wikipedia:GuideStar|GuideStar]]<ref name=guidestar-ntee>{{cite web|url = https://learn.guidestar.org/help/ntee-codes|title = National Taxonomy of Exempt Entities (NTEE) Classification System|publisher = [[wikipedia:GuideStar|GuideStar]]|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref> and [[wikipedia:Charity Navigator|Charity Navigator]].<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.charitynavigator.org/index.cfm?bay=search.irs&ein=131818723|title = Charity Navigator rating for the Anti-Defamation League|accessdate = June 26, 2016|publisher = [[wikipedia:Charity Navigator|Charity Navigator]]}} (note that the description of the charity includes a NTEE code, classification, and type)</ref> || United States
 
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| 1987 || Publication || ''[[The NonProfit Times]]'', a newspaper covering the nonprofit sector, is launched.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2000/11/20/giving/moving-beyond-the-four-horsemen-of-the-philanthropy-beat.html?pagewanted=all|title = Moving Beyond the Four Horsemen of the Philanthropy Beat|publisher = ''[[New York Times]]''|date = November 20, 2000|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.nytimes.com/1989/12/02/style/consumer-s-world-seeking-charities-that-actually-help.html|title = CONSUMER'S WORLD; Seeking Charities That Actually Help|date = December 2, 1989|accessdate = June 26, 2016|publisher = ''[[New York Times]]''|last = Meier|first = Barry}}</ref> || United States ([[New Jersey]], but covers the whole country)
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| 1987 || Publication || ''[[wikipedia:The NonProfit Times|The NonProfit Times]]'', a newspaper covering the nonprofit sector, is launched.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2000/11/20/giving/moving-beyond-the-four-horsemen-of-the-philanthropy-beat.html?pagewanted=all|title = Moving Beyond the Four Horsemen of the Philanthropy Beat|publisher = ''[[wikipedia:New York Times|New York Times]]''|date = November 20, 2000|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.nytimes.com/1989/12/02/style/consumer-s-world-seeking-charities-that-actually-help.html|title = CONSUMER'S WORLD; Seeking Charities That Actually Help|date = December 2, 1989|accessdate = June 26, 2016|publisher = ''[[wikipedia:New York Times|New York Times]]''|last = Meier|first = Barry}}</ref> || United States ([[wikipedia:New Jersey|New Jersey]], but covers the whole country)
 
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| 1988 || Publication || ''[[The Chronicle of Philanthropy]]'' is founded.<ref name=chronicle-nyt>{{cite web|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/10/business/media/10philanthropy.html|title = Who's the Most Charitable of Us All? Celebrities Don't Always Make the Cut|last = Doty|first = Cate|date = September 10, 2007|publisher = ''[[New York Times]]''}}</ref> ''The Chronicle of Philanthropy'' is a newspaper that covers the nonprofit world and is aimed at charity leaders, foundation executives, fund raisers, and other people involved in philanthropy.<ref name=chronicle-nyt/> ||
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| 1988 || Publication || ''[[wikipedia:The Chronicle of Philanthropy|The Chronicle of Philanthropy]]'' is founded.<ref name=chronicle-nyt>{{cite web|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/10/business/media/10philanthropy.html|title = Who's the Most Charitable of Us All? Celebrities Don't Always Make the Cut|last = Doty|first = Cate|date = September 10, 2007|publisher = ''[[wikipedia:New York Times|New York Times]]''}}</ref> ''The Chronicle of Philanthropy'' is a newspaper that covers the nonprofit world and is aimed at charity leaders, foundation executives, fund raisers, and other people involved in philanthropy.<ref name=chronicle-nyt/> ||
 
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| 1992 || [[Charity watchdog]] || CharityWatch is founded as [[American Institute of Philanthropy]].<ref name=doublethedonation>{{cite web|url = https://doublethedonation.com/blog/2013/12/american-institute-of-philanthropy-charity-watch/|title = American Institute of Philanthropy, CharityWatch|date = December 21, 2013|publisher = Double the Donation}}</ref> CharityWatch provides information about charities' financial efficiency, accountability, governance, and fundraising.<ref name=seattletimes-watchdogs>{{cite web|url = http://www.seattletimes.com/life/lifestyle/watchdogging-the-charity-watchdogs/|title = Watchdogging the charity watchdogs|date = December 29, 2011|publisher = ''[[Seattle Times]]''|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref>  || United States
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| 1992 || [[wikipedia:Charity watchdog|Charity watchdog]] || CharityWatch is founded as [[wikipedia:American Institute of Philanthropy|American Institute of Philanthropy]].<ref name=doublethedonation>{{cite web|url = https://doublethedonation.com/blog/2013/12/american-institute-of-philanthropy-charity-watch/|title = American Institute of Philanthropy, CharityWatch|date = December 21, 2013|publisher = Double the Donation}}</ref> CharityWatch provides information about charities' financial efficiency, accountability, governance, and fundraising.<ref name=seattletimes-watchdogs>{{cite web|url = http://www.seattletimes.com/life/lifestyle/watchdogging-the-charity-watchdogs/|title = Watchdogging the charity watchdogs|date = December 29, 2011|publisher = ''[[wikipedia:Seattle Times|Seattle Times]]''|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref>  || United States
 
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| 1994 || Charity watchdog || [[GuideStar]], an information service specializing in reporting on US nonprofit companies, launches as Philanthropic Research, Inc. with a staff of five: founder Buzz Schmidt and four employees.<ref name=seattletimes-watchdogs/><ref name=guidestar-history>{{cite web|url = http://learn.guidestar.org/about-us/history|title = GuideStar History|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref>|| United States
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| 1994 || Charity watchdog || [[wikipedia:GuideStar|GuideStar]], an information service specializing in reporting on US nonprofit companies, launches as Philanthropic Research, Inc. with a staff of five: founder Buzz Schmidt and four employees.<ref name=seattletimes-watchdogs/><ref name=guidestar-history>{{cite web|url = http://learn.guidestar.org/about-us/history|title = GuideStar History|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref>|| United States
 
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| 1999 || Consulting || [[McKinsey & Company]] creates a separate non-profit practice focused on global public health, foundations, and international aid and development. In general, it charges half its regular fee for such work. The [[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]], which would formally be founded in 2000, is one of its first clients.<ref name=bridgespan-economist-2006/> || United States
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| 1999 || Consulting || [[wikipedia:McKinsey & Company|McKinsey & Company]] creates a separate non-profit practice focused on global public health, foundations, and international aid and development. In general, it charges half its regular fee for such work. The [[wikipedia:Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation|Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]], which would formally be founded in 2000, is one of its first clients.<ref name=bridgespan-economist-2006/> || United States
 
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| 2000 || Consulting || The [[Bridgespan Group]] is founded by [[Thomas Tierney]], former Managing Director of [[Bain & Company]].<ref name="bridgespan-economist-2006">{{Citation | url =http://www.economist.com/node/5517712 | title =Virtue's intermediaries |journal=[[The Economist]] | date =February 23, 2006 | accessdate = August 21, 2013}}</ref><ref name="bridgespan-nytimes-2008">{{Citation | url =https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/11/giving/11BRIDGE.html?_r=0 | title =Want a Business Plan? Log on for Free Advice |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] | date =November 10, 2008 | accessdate =August 21, 2013 }}</ref> Its goal is to provide [[management consulting]] to nonprofits and philanthropists.<ref name=bridgespan-economist-2006/><ref name=bridgespan-nytimes-2008/><ref name=stanford-nonprofit-consulting-list>{{cite web|url = http://web.stanford.edu/group/nonprofitsource/Nonprofit_resources/Nonprofit_Consulting.html|title = Nonprofit Consulting/Philanthropic Advising Firms|publisher = [[Stanford University]]|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref> Bridgespan differs from McKinsey in its initial focus: it is targeting mid-sized nonprofits rather than large ones.<ref name=bridgespan-economist-2006/> || United States (Boston)
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| 2000 || Consulting || The [[wikipedia:Bridgespan Group|Bridgespan Group]] is founded by [[wikipedia:Thomas Tierney|Thomas Tierney]], former Managing Director of [[wikipedia:Bain & Company|Bain & Company]].<ref name="bridgespan-economist-2006">{{Citation | url =http://www.economist.com/node/5517712 | title =Virtue's intermediaries |journal=[[wikipedia:The Economist|The Economist]] | date =February 23, 2006 | accessdate = August 21, 2013}}</ref><ref name="bridgespan-nytimes-2008">{{Citation | url =https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/11/giving/11BRIDGE.html?_r=0 | title =Want a Business Plan? Log on for Free Advice |newspaper=[[wikipedia:The New York Times|The New York Times]] | date =November 10, 2008 | accessdate =August 21, 2013 }}</ref> Its goal is to provide [[wikipedia:management consulting|management consulting]] to nonprofits and philanthropists.<ref name=bridgespan-economist-2006/><ref name=bridgespan-nytimes-2008/><ref name=stanford-nonprofit-consulting-list>{{cite web|url = http://web.stanford.edu/group/nonprofitsource/Nonprofit_resources/Nonprofit_Consulting.html|title = Nonprofit Consulting/Philanthropic Advising Firms|publisher = [[wikipedia:Stanford University|Stanford University]]|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref> Bridgespan differs from McKinsey in its initial focus: it is targeting mid-sized nonprofits rather than large ones.<ref name=bridgespan-economist-2006/> || United States (Boston)
 
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| 2000 || Consulting || [[Faunalytics]], a nonprofit organization that conducts opinion polls, audience surveys, focus groups, and other types of research for animal advocates. Faunalytics helps nonprofits conduct direct impact measurement and evaluation of programs.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.faunalytics.org/|title = Che Green|publisher = [[Faunalytics]]|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref>
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| 2000 || Consulting || [[wikipedia:Faunalytics|Faunalytics]], a nonprofit organization that conducts opinion polls, audience surveys, focus groups, and other types of research for animal advocates. Faunalytics helps nonprofits conduct direct impact measurement and evaluation of programs.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.faunalytics.org/|title = Che Green|publisher = [[wikipedia:Faunalytics|Faunalytics]]|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref>
 
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| 2000 || Consulting || FSG is founded as Foundation Strategy Group by Michael Porter with Mark Kramer. FSG provides consulting to nonprofits to increase impact, and has introduced concepts such as [[catalytic philanthropy]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fsg.org/our-story |title=Our Story |accessdate=April 27, 2016 |publisher=FSG}}</ref> FSG has also published documents such as ''Breakthroughs in Shared Measurement and Social Impact'', which explores how to evaluate outcomes in organizations.<ref name=stanford-nonprofit-consulting-list/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://foundationcenter.org/getstarted/topical/eval.html |title=Evaluation for Nonprofit Organizations |accessdate=April 27, 2016 |publisher=Foundation Center}}</ref> || United States (Boston)
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| 2000 || Consulting || FSG is founded as Foundation Strategy Group by Michael Porter with Mark Kramer. FSG provides consulting to nonprofits to increase impact, and has introduced concepts such as [[wikipedia:catalytic philanthropy|catalytic philanthropy]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fsg.org/our-story |title=Our Story |accessdate=April 27, 2016 |publisher=FSG}}</ref> FSG has also published documents such as ''Breakthroughs in Shared Measurement and Social Impact'', which explores how to evaluate outcomes in organizations.<ref name=stanford-nonprofit-consulting-list/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://foundationcenter.org/getstarted/topical/eval.html |title=Evaluation for Nonprofit Organizations |accessdate=April 27, 2016 |publisher=Foundation Center}}</ref> || United States (Boston)
 
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| 2000 || Charity watchdog || [[Ministry Watch]], an [[evangelicalism|evangelical]] [[Christian]] organization that reviews Protestant ministries for financial accountability and transparency, is founded. ||
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| 2000 || Charity watchdog || [[wikipedia:Ministry Watch|Ministry Watch]], an [[wikipedia:evangelicalism|evangelical]] [[wikipedia:Christian|Christian]] organization that reviews Protestant ministries for financial accountability and transparency, is founded. ||
 
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| 2001 || Charity watchdog || [[BBB Wise Giving Alliance]] adopts its current name.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/money/personalfinance/2012/12/27/better-business-bureau-charity-ratings-donations/1636957/ |title=BBB's charity ratings, seal of approval under fire |first=Jayne |last=O'Donnell |date=December 27, 2012 |accessdate=April 25, 2016}}</ref> The BBB Wise Giving Alliance publishes a set of standards of accountability for charitable organizations and evaluations of national charities against those standards. || United States
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| 2001 || Charity watchdog || [[wikipedia:BBB Wise Giving Alliance|BBB Wise Giving Alliance]] adopts its current name.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/money/personalfinance/2012/12/27/better-business-bureau-charity-ratings-donations/1636957/ |title=BBB's charity ratings, seal of approval under fire |first=Jayne |last=O'Donnell |date=December 27, 2012 |accessdate=April 25, 2016}}</ref> The BBB Wise Giving Alliance publishes a set of standards of accountability for charitable organizations and evaluations of national charities against those standards. || United States
 
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| 2001 || Charity watchdog || [[Charity Navigator]] is launched by Pat and Marion Dugan.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.charitynavigator.org/index.cfm?bay=content.view&cpid=1535|title = Video: The History of Charity Navigator|publisher = [[Charity Navigator]]|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref> Charity Navigator is an [[United States|American]] independent [[charity watchdog]] organization that evaluates [[charitable organization]]s in the [[United States]].<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/27/business/27charity.html|title = To Help Donors Choose, Web Site Alters How It Sizes Up Charities|publisher = ''[[New York Times]]''|last = Strom|first = Stephanie|authorlink = Stephanie Strom|date = November 27, 2010|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref> || United States
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| 2001 || Charity watchdog || [[wikipedia:Charity Navigator|Charity Navigator]] is launched by Pat and Marion Dugan.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.charitynavigator.org/index.cfm?bay=content.view&cpid=1535|title = Video: The History of Charity Navigator|publisher = [[wikipedia:Charity Navigator|Charity Navigator]]|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref> Charity Navigator is an [[wikipedia:United States|American]] independent [[wikipedia:charity watchdog|charity watchdog]] organization that evaluates [[wikipedia:charitable organization|charitable organization]]s in the [[wikipedia:United States|United States]].<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/27/business/27charity.html|title = To Help Donors Choose, Web Site Alters How It Sizes Up Charities|publisher = ''[[wikipedia:New York Times|New York Times]]''|last = Strom|first = Stephanie|authorlink = Stephanie Strom|date = November 27, 2010|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref> || United States
 
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| 2001 || Consulting || [[The Center for Effective Philanthropy]], a nonprofit organization focused on the development of comparative data to enable higher-performing philanthropic funders, is founded. Phil Buchanan is its chief executive at the time of founding.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.effectivephilanthropy.org/about/people/phil-buchanan/|title = Phil Buchanan|publisher = [[The Center for Effective Philanthropy]]|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/23/us/charities-surprise-donor-foundations-with-bluntness.html|title = Charities Surprise Donor Foundations With Bluntness|last = Strom|first = Stephanie|date = April 23, 2004|accessdate = June 26, 2016|publisher = ''[[New York Times]]''|authorlink = Stephanie Strom}}</ref> || United States ([[Cambridge, Massachusetts]])
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| 2001 || Consulting || [[wikipedia:The Center for Effective Philanthropy|The Center for Effective Philanthropy]], a nonprofit organization focused on the development of comparative data to enable higher-performing philanthropic funders, is founded. Phil Buchanan is its chief executive at the time of founding.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.effectivephilanthropy.org/about/people/phil-buchanan/|title = Phil Buchanan|publisher = [[wikipedia:The Center for Effective Philanthropy|The Center for Effective Philanthropy]]|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/23/us/charities-surprise-donor-foundations-with-bluntness.html|title = Charities Surprise Donor Foundations With Bluntness|last = Strom|first = Stephanie|date = April 23, 2004|accessdate = June 26, 2016|publisher = ''[[wikipedia:New York Times|New York Times]]''|authorlink = Stephanie Strom}}</ref> || United States ([[wikipedia:Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge, Massachusetts]])
 
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| 2002 || Charity watchdog || [[New Philanthropy Capital]] launches, founded by [[Goldman Sachs]] partners [[Gavyn Davies]] and Peter Wheeler.<ref name=npc-history>{{cite web|url = http://www.thinknpc.org/about-npc/our-history/|title = Our history|accessdate = June 26, 2016|publisher = [[New Philanthropy Capital]]}}</ref> New Philanthropy Capital is a charitable organisation that tries to direct more funding to effective charities and help donors make more informed decisions on how to give.<ref name=bridgespan-economist-2006/><ref name=npc-guardian>{{cite web|url = https://www.theguardian.com/society/2007/aug/01/childrensservices.comment|title = Full stop missing on child abuse|last = Butler|first = Patrick|publisher = ''[[The Guardian]]''|date = August 1, 2007|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref> || United Kingdom (London)
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| 2002 || Charity watchdog || [[wikipedia:New Philanthropy Capital|New Philanthropy Capital]] launches, founded by [[wikipedia:Goldman Sachs|Goldman Sachs]] partners [[wikipedia:Gavyn Davies|Gavyn Davies]] and Peter Wheeler.<ref name=npc-history>{{cite web|url = http://www.thinknpc.org/about-npc/our-history/|title = Our history|accessdate = June 26, 2016|publisher = [[wikipedia:New Philanthropy Capital|New Philanthropy Capital]]}}</ref> New Philanthropy Capital is a charitable organisation that tries to direct more funding to effective charities and help donors make more informed decisions on how to give.<ref name=bridgespan-economist-2006/><ref name=npc-guardian>{{cite web|url = https://www.theguardian.com/society/2007/aug/01/childrensservices.comment|title = Full stop missing on child abuse|last = Butler|first = Patrick|publisher = ''[[wikipedia:The Guardian|The Guardian]]''|date = August 1, 2007|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref> || United Kingdom (London)
 
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| 2003 || Publication || First issue of the ''[[Stanford Social Innovation Review]]'', a magazine-cum-website about [[social innovation]], is published.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://ssir.org/issue/spring_2003|title = Spring 2003 Issue|publisher = ''[[Stanford Social Innovation Review]]''|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref> || United States
+
| 2003 || Publication || First issue of the ''[[wikipedia:Stanford Social Innovation Review|Stanford Social Innovation Review]]'', a magazine-cum-website about [[wikipedia:social innovation|social innovation]], is published.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://ssir.org/issue/spring_2003|title = Spring 2003 Issue|publisher = ''[[wikipedia:Stanford Social Innovation Review|Stanford Social Innovation Review]]''|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref> || United States
 
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| 2003 || Consulting || The [[Redstone Strategy Group]], a company that helps nonprofits by conducting analysis, is founded.<ref>{{cite web |title=Redstone Strategy Group Llc |publisher=Bloomberg |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profiles/companies/0082074D:US-redstone-strategy-group-llc}}</ref> || United States
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| 2003 || Consulting || The [[wikipedia:Redstone Strategy Group|Redstone Strategy Group]], a company that helps nonprofits by conducting analysis, is founded.<ref>{{cite web |title=Redstone Strategy Group Llc |publisher=Bloomberg |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profiles/companies/0082074D:US-redstone-strategy-group-llc}}</ref> || United States
 
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| 2005 || Charity watchdog || [[Intelligent Giving]] launches. Intelligent Giving is a charity evaluator advising donors on how to make the most satisfactory use of their money. It employs a casual, witty style on their website. Intelligent Giving would stop operating in 2009.<ref name=Spectator>{{cite web | url=http://archive.spectator.co.uk/article/16th-february-2008/44/how-to-give | title = How to Give| publisher= The Spectator | accessdate=24 July 2014}}</ref> (Note: 2005 is the earliest mention of the organization; the founding date is unclear.) || United Kingdom (London)
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| 2005 || Charity watchdog || [[wikipedia:Intelligent Giving|Intelligent Giving]] launches. Intelligent Giving is a charity evaluator advising donors on how to make the most satisfactory use of their money. It employs a casual, witty style on their website. Intelligent Giving would stop operating in 2009.<ref name=Spectator>{{cite web | url=http://archive.spectator.co.uk/article/16th-february-2008/44/how-to-give | title = How to Give| publisher= The Spectator | accessdate=24 July 2014}}</ref> (Note: 2005 is the earliest mention of the organization; the founding date is unclear.) || United Kingdom (London)
 
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| 2006 || Charity watchdog || [[Nonprofit Marketplace Initiative]] launches. Nonprofit Marketplace Initiative is an initiative of the Effective Philanthropy Group of the [[Hewlett Foundation]] that tries to have more individual philanthropic donations be based on information about a nonprofit's performance.<ref name=guidestar>{{cite web|url = http://trust.guidestar.org/2014/08/05/holden-karnofsky/|title = Dialogue about the Hewlett Foundation’s Nonprofit Marketplace Initiative|last = Harold|first = Jacob|date = August 5, 2014|accessdate = December 6, 2015}}</ref><ref name=givewell>{{cite web|url = http://blog.givewell.org/2014/08/05/thoughts-on-the-end-of-hewletts-nonprofit-marketplace-initiative/|title = Thoughts on the End of Hewlett’s Nonprofit Marketplace Initiative|last = Karnofsky|first = Holden|date = August 5, 2014|accessdate = December 5, 2015|publisher = [[GiveWell]]}}</ref><ref name=chronicle>{{cite web|url = https://philanthropy.com/article/Philanthropy-s-Results/153331|title = Hewlett Ends Effort to Get Donors to Make Dispassionate Choices on Giving|date = April 3, 2014|accessdate = December 5, 2015|publisher = ''[[Chronicle of Philanthropy]]''}}</ref><ref name=hewlett-closure>{{cite web|url = http://www.hewlett.org/blog/posts/follow-our-decision-end-nonprofit-marketplace-initiative|title = Follow-up on Our Decision to End the Nonprofit Marketplace Initiative|last = Twersky|first = Fay|date = April 4, 2014|accessdate = December 5, 2015|publisher = [[Hewlett Foundation]]}}</ref>  It has also funded GiveWell.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blog.givewell.org/2014/08/05/thoughts-on-the-end-of-hewletts-nonprofit-marketplace-initiative/ |title=Thoughts on the End of Hewlett’s Nonprofit Marketplace Initiative |first=Holden |last=Karnofsky |date=August 5, 2014}}</ref> The Nonprofit Marketplace Initiative would close in April 2014. ||
+
| 2006 || Charity watchdog || [[wikipedia:Nonprofit Marketplace Initiative|Nonprofit Marketplace Initiative]] launches. Nonprofit Marketplace Initiative is an initiative of the Effective Philanthropy Group of the [[wikipedia:Hewlett Foundation|Hewlett Foundation]] that tries to have more individual philanthropic donations be based on information about a nonprofit's performance.<ref name=guidestar>{{cite web|url = http://trust.guidestar.org/2014/08/05/holden-karnofsky/|title = Dialogue about the Hewlett Foundation’s Nonprofit Marketplace Initiative|last = Harold|first = Jacob|date = August 5, 2014|accessdate = December 6, 2015}}</ref><ref name=givewell>{{cite web|url = http://blog.givewell.org/2014/08/05/thoughts-on-the-end-of-hewletts-nonprofit-marketplace-initiative/|title = Thoughts on the End of Hewlett’s Nonprofit Marketplace Initiative|last = Karnofsky|first = Holden|date = August 5, 2014|accessdate = December 5, 2015|publisher = [[wikipedia:GiveWell|GiveWell]]}}</ref><ref name=chronicle>{{cite web|url = https://philanthropy.com/article/Philanthropy-s-Results/153331|title = Hewlett Ends Effort to Get Donors to Make Dispassionate Choices on Giving|date = April 3, 2014|accessdate = December 5, 2015|publisher = ''[[wikipedia:Chronicle of Philanthropy|Chronicle of Philanthropy]]''}}</ref><ref name=hewlett-closure>{{cite web|url = http://www.hewlett.org/blog/posts/follow-our-decision-end-nonprofit-marketplace-initiative|title = Follow-up on Our Decision to End the Nonprofit Marketplace Initiative|last = Twersky|first = Fay|date = April 4, 2014|accessdate = December 5, 2015|publisher = [[wikipedia:Hewlett Foundation|Hewlett Foundation]]}}</ref>  It has also funded GiveWell.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blog.givewell.org/2014/08/05/thoughts-on-the-end-of-hewletts-nonprofit-marketplace-initiative/ |title=Thoughts on the End of Hewlett’s Nonprofit Marketplace Initiative |first=Holden |last=Karnofsky |date=August 5, 2014}}</ref> The Nonprofit Marketplace Initiative would close in April 2014. ||
 
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| 2006 || Resource || [[Center for High Impact Philanthropy]] is established at the [[University of Pennsylvania]]. The Center focuses on high impact philanthropy, both in the US and internationally and puts out studies, papers, and briefings on how to maximize the impact of one's philanthropy.<ref name=chip-about>{{cite web|url=http://www.impact.upenn.edu/about/|title = About|publisher = Center for High Impact Philanthropy|accessdate = 2012-12-05}}</ref> || United States
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| 2006 || Resource || [[wikipedia:Center for High Impact Philanthropy|Center for High Impact Philanthropy]] is established at the [[wikipedia:University of Pennsylvania|University of Pennsylvania]]. The Center focuses on high impact philanthropy, both in the US and internationally and puts out studies, papers, and briefings on how to maximize the impact of one's philanthropy.<ref name=chip-about>{{cite web|url=http://www.impact.upenn.edu/about/|title = About|publisher = Center for High Impact Philanthropy|accessdate = 2012-12-05}}</ref> || United States
 
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| Late 2000s, continuing into 2010s || Social movement || [[Effective altruism]], a philosophy and social movement that attempts to apply evidence and reason to ethical decision-making, begins to emerge as a movement. Note that the term "effective altruism" would be coined only in the 2010s.<ref name=tmgycd>{{cite web|url=http://www.thelifeyoucansave.org/Blog/ID/170/The-Most-Good-You-Can-Do|title = The Most Good You Can Do|last = Singer|first = Peter|authorlink = Peter Singer|date = April 1, 2015|accessdate = April 11, 2015|publisher = ''The Life You Can Save''}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/16/upshot/effective-altruism-where-charity-and-rationality-meet.html|title = Effective Altruism: Where Charity and Rationality Meet|last = Cowen|first = Tyler|date = August 16, 2015|accessdate = June 26, 2016|publisher = ''[[New York Times]]''|authorlink = Tyler Cowen}}</ref> || Global, but concentrated initially in the United States, [[United Kingdom]], and Australia
+
| Late 2000s, continuing into 2010s || Social movement || [[wikipedia:Effective altruism|Effective altruism]], a philosophy and social movement that attempts to apply evidence and reason to ethical decision-making, begins to emerge as a movement. Note that the term "effective altruism" would be coined only in the 2010s.<ref name=tmgycd>{{cite web|url=http://www.thelifeyoucansave.org/Blog/ID/170/The-Most-Good-You-Can-Do|title = The Most Good You Can Do|last = Singer|first = Peter|authorlink = Peter Singer|date = April 1, 2015|accessdate = April 11, 2015|publisher = ''The Life You Can Save''}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/16/upshot/effective-altruism-where-charity-and-rationality-meet.html|title = Effective Altruism: Where Charity and Rationality Meet|last = Cowen|first = Tyler|date = August 16, 2015|accessdate = June 26, 2016|publisher = ''[[wikipedia:New York Times|New York Times]]''|authorlink = Tyler Cowen}}</ref> || Global, but concentrated initially in the United States, [[wikipedia:United Kingdom|United Kingdom]], and Australia
 
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| 2006 || Charity watchdog || [[Charity Intelligence Canada]] is conceived.<ref name=cica-about>{{cite web|url = https://www.charityintelligence.ca/about-us|title = Our Story|publisher = [[Charity Intelligence Canada]]|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref> Its first audited financial statement is for the year from July 1, 2007 to June 30, 2008, so some sources put the founding date as 2007 or 2008.<ref name=caci-financials>{{cite web|url = https://www.charityintelligence.ca/about-ci/annual-reportsfinancials|title = Audited Financial Statements|publisher = [[Charity Intelligence Canada]]|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref><ref name=caci-star>{{cite web|url = https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2011/11/15/who_is_charity_intelligence_canada.html|title = Who is Charity Intelligence Canada? Registered charity helps people decide where to donate their money.|date = November 15, 2011|accessdate = June 26, 2016|publisher = ''The Star''}}</ref> In 2012, Charity Intelligence Canada temporarily loses its own registered charity status in 2011 due to failure to file financial reports.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/tables-turned-on-charity-intelligence-as-charitable-status-revoked/article4564354/|title = Tables turned on Charity Intelligence as charitable status revoked|last = Waldie|first = Paul|publisher = ''[[The Globe and Mail]]''|date = September 24, 2012|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref> Its recommendations and ratings are cited in Canadian publications in discussions of where to donate.<ref name=caci-cbc>{{cite web|url = http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/charity-intelligence-names-top-10-organizations-on-social-return-on-investment-1.3303600|title = Charity Intelligence names top 10 organizations on social return on investment. Charities in Canada, the E.U. and the U.S. produce 2 dollars of return for every dollar donated, on average|publisher = [[CBC News]]|date = November 4, 2015|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = http://business.financialpost.com/news/charities-of-the-year-how-the-financial-post-chose-from-86000-registered-canadian-organizations|title = Charities of the Year: How the Financial Post chose from 86,000 registered Canadian organizations|last = Brownell|first = Claire|date = December 12, 2014|accessdate = June 26, 2016|publisher = ''[[Financial Post]]''}}</ref> || [[Canada]]
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| 2006 || Charity watchdog || [[wikipedia:Charity Intelligence Canada|Charity Intelligence Canada]] is conceived.<ref name=cica-about>{{cite web|url = https://www.charityintelligence.ca/about-us|title = Our Story|publisher = [[wikipedia:Charity Intelligence Canada|Charity Intelligence Canada]]|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref> Its first audited financial statement is for the year from July 1, 2007 to June 30, 2008, so some sources put the founding date as 2007 or 2008.<ref name=caci-financials>{{cite web|url = https://www.charityintelligence.ca/about-ci/annual-reportsfinancials|title = Audited Financial Statements|publisher = [[wikipedia:Charity Intelligence Canada|Charity Intelligence Canada]]|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref><ref name=caci-star>{{cite web|url = https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2011/11/15/who_is_charity_intelligence_canada.html|title = Who is Charity Intelligence Canada? Registered charity helps people decide where to donate their money.|date = November 15, 2011|accessdate = June 26, 2016|publisher = ''The Star''}}</ref> In 2012, Charity Intelligence Canada temporarily loses its own registered charity status in 2011 due to failure to file financial reports.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/tables-turned-on-charity-intelligence-as-charitable-status-revoked/article4564354/|title = Tables turned on Charity Intelligence as charitable status revoked|last = Waldie|first = Paul|publisher = ''[[wikipedia:The Globe and Mail|The Globe and Mail]]''|date = September 24, 2012|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref> Its recommendations and ratings are cited in Canadian publications in discussions of where to donate.<ref name=caci-cbc>{{cite web|url = http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/charity-intelligence-names-top-10-organizations-on-social-return-on-investment-1.3303600|title = Charity Intelligence names top 10 organizations on social return on investment. Charities in Canada, the E.U. and the U.S. produce 2 dollars of return for every dollar donated, on average|publisher = [[wikipedia:CBC News|CBC News]]|date = November 4, 2015|accessdate = June 26, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = http://business.financialpost.com/news/charities-of-the-year-how-the-financial-post-chose-from-86000-registered-canadian-organizations|title = Charities of the Year: How the Financial Post chose from 86,000 registered Canadian organizations|last = Brownell|first = Claire|date = December 12, 2014|accessdate = June 26, 2016|publisher = ''[[wikipedia:Financial Post|Financial Post]]''}}</ref> || [[wikipedia:Canada|Canada]]
 
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| 2007 || Charity watchdog || [[GreatNonprofits]] is founded. GreatNonprofits provides reviews and ratings of US nonprofit organizations.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.about.greatnonprofits.org/ |title=The Story of GreatNonprofits |publisher=GreatNonprofits |accessdate=April 27, 2016}}</ref> || United States
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| 2007 || Charity watchdog || [[wikipedia:GreatNonprofits|GreatNonprofits]] is founded. GreatNonprofits provides reviews and ratings of US nonprofit organizations.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.about.greatnonprofits.org/ |title=The Story of GreatNonprofits |publisher=GreatNonprofits |accessdate=April 27, 2016}}</ref> || United States
 
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| 2007 || Charity watchdog || [[GiveWell]] launches, founded by former [[Bridgewater Associates]] hedge fund analysts [[Holden Karnofsky]] and Elie Hassenfeld.<ref name=our-story>{{cite web|url=http://givewell.org/about/story|title = Our Story|publisher = GiveWell|accessdate = 2012-08-16}}</ref> GiveWell is a [[non-profit organization|non-profit]] [[charity evaluator]] and [[effective altruism]]-focused organization that focuses primarily on the [[cost-effectiveness]] of the organizations that it evaluates, rather than traditional metrics such as the percentage of the organization's budget that is spent on [[overhead (business)|overhead]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/20/us/20charity.html |title=2 Young Hedge-Fund Veterans Stir Up the World of Philanthropy |publisher=''[[The New York Times]]'' |date=December 20, 2007 |author=Stephanie Strom}}</ref> In the coming years, GiveWell's top recommendations would be cited by many publications discussing where to donate money.<ref name=ace-givewell-vox/><ref name="lieber_making_sure">{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/26/your-money/giving-away-money-and-making-sure-its-put-to-work.html |title=Donating, and Making Sure the Money Is Put to Work |author=Ron Lieber |date=April 25, 2014 |accessdate=June 17, 2016 |publisher=''[[The New York Times]]''}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/linch-zhang/how-can-you-do-the-most-g_b_10597442.html |author=Linch Zhang |date=June 21, 2016 |title=How Can You do the Most Good with Your Charitable Giving? This Expert's Answers Might Surprise You |publisher=''[[The Huffington Post]]'' |accessdate=June 21, 2016}}</ref>|| United States, but evaluating charities globally. Initially based in [[New York City]], later moved to [[San Francisco]]
+
| 2007 || Charity watchdog || [[wikipedia:GiveWell|GiveWell]] launches, founded by former [[wikipedia:Bridgewater Associates|Bridgewater Associates]] hedge fund analysts [[wikipedia:Holden Karnofsky|Holden Karnofsky]] and Elie Hassenfeld.<ref name=our-story>{{cite web|url=http://givewell.org/about/story|title = Our Story|publisher = GiveWell|accessdate = 2012-08-16}}</ref> GiveWell is a [[wikipedia:non-profit organization|non-profit]] [[wikipedia:charity evaluator|charity evaluator]] and [[wikipedia:effective altruism|effective altruism]]-focused organization that focuses primarily on the [[wikipedia:cost-effectiveness|cost-effectiveness]] of the organizations that it evaluates, rather than traditional metrics such as the percentage of the organization's budget that is spent on [[wikipedia:overhead (business)|overhead]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/20/us/20charity.html |title=2 Young Hedge-Fund Veterans Stir Up the World of Philanthropy |publisher=''[[wikipedia:The New York Times|The New York Times]]'' |date=December 20, 2007 |author=Stephanie Strom}}</ref> In the coming years, GiveWell's top recommendations would be cited by many publications discussing where to donate money.<ref name=ace-givewell-vox/><ref name="lieber_making_sure">{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/26/your-money/giving-away-money-and-making-sure-its-put-to-work.html |title=Donating, and Making Sure the Money Is Put to Work |author=Ron Lieber |date=April 25, 2014 |accessdate=June 17, 2016 |publisher=''[[wikipedia:The New York Times|The New York Times]]''}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/linch-zhang/how-can-you-do-the-most-g_b_10597442.html |author=Linch Zhang |date=June 21, 2016 |title=How Can You do the Most Good with Your Charitable Giving? This Expert's Answers Might Surprise You |publisher=''[[wikipedia:The Huffington Post|The Huffington Post]]'' |accessdate=June 21, 2016}}</ref>|| United States, but evaluating charities globally. Initially based in [[wikipedia:New York City|New York City]], later moved to [[wikipedia:San Francisco|San Francisco]]
 
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| 2008 || Charity watchdog || [[Philanthropedia]] launches as the Nonprofit Knowledge Network. Philanthropedia is an expert [[crowdsourcing]] resource for funders and others to learn about high-impact nonprofit organizations.<ref>{{cite web|last=Cuberta|first=Phil|title=Dam Busting to Get a Flood of Giving Now|url=http://www.gifthub.org/2009/11/dam-busting-to-get-a-flood-of-giving-now.html|work=50 Shades of Grey in Philanthropy|publisher=Gift Hub|accessdate=21 December 2012}}</ref> In 2011 it would become a division of GuideStar.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.myphilanthropedia.org/blog/2011/03/17/exciting-announcement-guidestar-acquires-philanthropedia/|title = Exciting Announcement: GuideStar Acquires Philanthropedia|date = March 17, 2011|author = Deyan|accessdate = June 26, 2016|publisher = My Philanthropedia}}</ref> ||
+
| 2008 || Charity watchdog || [[wikipedia:Philanthropedia|Philanthropedia]] launches as the Nonprofit Knowledge Network. Philanthropedia is an expert [[wikipedia:crowdsourcing|crowdsourcing]] resource for funders and others to learn about high-impact nonprofit organizations.<ref>{{cite web|last=Cuberta|first=Phil|title=Dam Busting to Get a Flood of Giving Now|url=http://www.gifthub.org/2009/11/dam-busting-to-get-a-flood-of-giving-now.html|work=50 Shades of Grey in Philanthropy|publisher=Gift Hub|accessdate=21 December 2012}}</ref> In 2011 it would become a division of GuideStar.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.myphilanthropedia.org/blog/2011/03/17/exciting-announcement-guidestar-acquires-philanthropedia/|title = Exciting Announcement: GuideStar Acquires Philanthropedia|date = March 17, 2011|author = Deyan|accessdate = June 26, 2016|publisher = My Philanthropedia}}</ref> ||
 
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| 2008 || Resource || The [[International Aid Transparency Initiative]] (IATI) launches in September at the [[Aid effectiveness#Third High Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness, Accra, September 2008|Third High Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness]] held in [[Accra, Ghana]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aidtransparency.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Paper-2A-Evaluation-Report-1-IATI-as-a-Political-Initiative1.pdf |title=Evaluation of the International Aid Transparency Initiative IATI: "Evaluation of IATI as a Political Initiative": Final Report |first1=Ian C. |last1=Davies |first2=Julia | last2=Brümmer |first3=Sara |last3=Vaca |first4=Lauren |last4=Weiss |date=October 2015 |accessdate=September 11, 2016}}</ref>{{rp|3}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blog.transparency.org/2013/01/17/my-ceo-will-tear-off-my-head-if-i-suggest-to-him-that-we-implement-iati/ |title=“My CEO will tear off my head, if I suggest to him that we implement IATI.” |publisher=Space for Transparency |accessdate=September 9, 2016 |date=January 17, 2013 |author=Claudia Schwegmann}}</ref> The IATI provides a standard [[XML schema]] which organizations can use to report their activities. The IATI also provides a registry that tracks the aid information of 473 organizations {{as of|2016|09|lc=y}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://iatiregistry.org/ |title=Welcome - IATI Registry |accessdate=September 6, 2016}}</ref> ||
+
| 2008 || Resource || The [[wikipedia:International Aid Transparency Initiative|International Aid Transparency Initiative]] (IATI) launches in September at the [[wikipedia:Aid effectiveness#Third High Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness, Accra, September 2008|Third High Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness]] held in [[wikipedia:Accra, Ghana|Accra, Ghana]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aidtransparency.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Paper-2A-Evaluation-Report-1-IATI-as-a-Political-Initiative1.pdf |title=Evaluation of the International Aid Transparency Initiative IATI: "Evaluation of IATI as a Political Initiative": Final Report |first1=Ian C. |last1=Davies |first2=Julia | last2=Brümmer |first3=Sara |last3=Vaca |first4=Lauren |last4=Weiss |date=October 2015 |accessdate=September 11, 2016}}</ref>{{rp|3}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blog.transparency.org/2013/01/17/my-ceo-will-tear-off-my-head-if-i-suggest-to-him-that-we-implement-iati/ |title=“My CEO will tear off my head, if I suggest to him that we implement IATI.” |publisher=Space for Transparency |accessdate=September 9, 2016 |date=January 17, 2013 |author=Claudia Schwegmann}}</ref> The IATI provides a standard [[wikipedia:XML schema|XML schema]] which organizations can use to report their activities. The IATI also provides a registry that tracks the aid information of 473 organizations {{as of|2016|09|lc=y}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://iatiregistry.org/ |title=Welcome - IATI Registry |accessdate=September 6, 2016}}</ref> ||
 
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| 2010 || Charity watchdog || [[Jumo]] is launched by [[Facebook]] co-founder [[Chris Hughes]].<ref name=NYT>{{cite news |accessdate=2010-12-01 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/30/technology/30jumo.html |title=2010 A Facebook Founder Begins a Social Network Focused on Charities |date=2010-11-30 |author=Jenna Wortham |work=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |accessdate=2010-12-23 |url=http://mashable.com/2010/11/30/facebook-co-founder-launches-social-network-for-social-good-jumo-image/ |title=Facebook Co-Founder Launches Social Network for Social Good, Jumo |date=2010-12-01 |author=Brenna Ehrlich}}</ref> Jumo is a [[social networking service]] and website that indexes charities so people can find and evaluate them. Jumo would merge with [[Good Worldwide|GOOD]] in August 2011.<ref>Chris Hughes, [http://blog.jumo.com/post/9037560404/jumo-and-good-combine-forces-to-create-content-and Jumo and GOOD Combine Forces to Create Content and Social Engagement Platform], Jumo blog, August 17, 2011</ref> || United States ([[Palo Alto]], California)
+
| 2010 || Charity watchdog || [[wikipedia:Jumo|Jumo]] is launched by [[wikipedia:Facebook|Facebook]] co-founder [[wikipedia:Chris Hughes|Chris Hughes]].<ref name=NYT>{{cite news |accessdate=2010-12-01 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/30/technology/30jumo.html |title=2010 A Facebook Founder Begins a Social Network Focused on Charities |date=2010-11-30 |author=Jenna Wortham |work=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |accessdate=2010-12-23 |url=http://mashable.com/2010/11/30/facebook-co-founder-launches-social-network-for-social-good-jumo-image/ |title=Facebook Co-Founder Launches Social Network for Social Good, Jumo |date=2010-12-01 |author=Brenna Ehrlich}}</ref> Jumo is a [[wikipedia:social networking service|social networking service]] and website that indexes charities so people can find and evaluate them. Jumo would merge with [[wikipedia:Good Worldwide|GOOD]] in August 2011.<ref>Chris Hughes, [http://blog.jumo.com/post/9037560404/jumo-and-good-combine-forces-to-create-content-and Jumo and GOOD Combine Forces to Create Content and Social Engagement Platform], Jumo blog, August 17, 2011</ref> || United States ([[wikipedia:Palo Alto|Palo Alto]], California)
 
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| 2010–2011 || Charity watchdog || In July 2010, Charity Navigator (CN) announces its first major revamp.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.charitynavigator.org/index.cfm?bay=content.view&cpid=1107 |title=Charity Navigator Expands Rating Methodology |author=Ken Berger |date=July 1, 2010 |work= |publisher=Charitiy Navigator |accessdate=15 September 2010}}</ref> This revamping begins what the organization states is the process to move toward CN 3.0, which is a three-dimensional rating system that will include what they consider the critical elements to consider in making a wise charitable investment – (1) financial health (Charity Navigator evaluated this from its inception), (2) accountability and transparency (begun in July 2010) and (3) results reporting (slated to begin rating this dimension in July 2012).<ref name=where>{{cite news|last=|first=|title=Where We Are Headed (2013 and Beyond) |url=http://www.charitynavigator.org/index.cfm?bay=content.view&cpid=1193|accessdate=6 July 2015|newspaper=charitynavigator.org|date=}}</ref> After collecting data for more than a year, in September 2011 Charity Navigator launches CN 2.0, which is a two-dimensional rating system that rates a charity's (1) financial health and (2) accountability and transparency.<ref>{{cite web|last=Berger |first=Ken |url=http://www.kenscommentary.org/2011/09/cn-20-more-knowledge-more-good.html |title=Ken's Commentary: CN 2.0: More Knowledge, More Good |publisher=Kenscommentary.org |date=2011-09-20 |accessdate=2012-01-05}}</ref>
 
| 2010–2011 || Charity watchdog || In July 2010, Charity Navigator (CN) announces its first major revamp.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.charitynavigator.org/index.cfm?bay=content.view&cpid=1107 |title=Charity Navigator Expands Rating Methodology |author=Ken Berger |date=July 1, 2010 |work= |publisher=Charitiy Navigator |accessdate=15 September 2010}}</ref> This revamping begins what the organization states is the process to move toward CN 3.0, which is a three-dimensional rating system that will include what they consider the critical elements to consider in making a wise charitable investment – (1) financial health (Charity Navigator evaluated this from its inception), (2) accountability and transparency (begun in July 2010) and (3) results reporting (slated to begin rating this dimension in July 2012).<ref name=where>{{cite news|last=|first=|title=Where We Are Headed (2013 and Beyond) |url=http://www.charitynavigator.org/index.cfm?bay=content.view&cpid=1193|accessdate=6 July 2015|newspaper=charitynavigator.org|date=}}</ref> After collecting data for more than a year, in September 2011 Charity Navigator launches CN 2.0, which is a two-dimensional rating system that rates a charity's (1) financial health and (2) accountability and transparency.<ref>{{cite web|last=Berger |first=Ken |url=http://www.kenscommentary.org/2011/09/cn-20-more-knowledge-more-good.html |title=Ken's Commentary: CN 2.0: More Knowledge, More Good |publisher=Kenscommentary.org |date=2011-09-20 |accessdate=2012-01-05}}</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
| 2011 || Charity watchdog/foundation || [[Open Philanthropy Project]] (Open Phil) launches as GiveWell Labs. Open Phil is a joint project between [[GiveWell]] (a charity evaluator focusing mostly on [[global health]]) and [[Good Ventures]] (a philanthropic organization co-founded by Cari Tuna and her husband [[Dustin Moskovitz]], one of the co-founders of [[Facebook]])<ref name="Insidephilanthropy.com_March_20_2016c">{{cite web |url=http://www.insidephilanthropy.com/home/2015/12/14/how-does-an-emerging-army-of-tech-donors-think-ask-this-guy.html |title=How Does an Emerging "Army" of Tech Donors Think? Ask This Guy |publisher=Inside Philanthropy |date=December 14, 2015 |author=David Callahan |accessdate= March 20, 2016}}</ref> that tries to identify the most effective ways to give money to a wide variety of causes.<ref name="openphil_formerly_gwl">{{cite web |url=http://blog.givewell.org/2014/08/20/open-philanthropy-project-formerly-givewell-labs/ |title=Open Philanthropy Project (formerly GiveWell Labs) |first=Holden |last=Karnofsky |publisher=GiveWell}}</ref><ref name=syd>{{cite web|url = http://www.sydsbirthdaychallenge.com/blog/2015/8/27/open-philanthropy-project|title = Open Philanthropy Project|last = Martin|first = Sydney|date = September 5, 2015|accessdate = April 9, 2016}}</ref> || United States
+
| 2011 || Charity watchdog/foundation || [[wikipedia:Open Philanthropy Project|Open Philanthropy Project]] (Open Phil) launches as GiveWell Labs. Open Phil is a joint project between [[wikipedia:GiveWell|GiveWell]] (a charity evaluator focusing mostly on [[wikipedia:global health|global health]]) and [[wikipedia:Good Ventures|Good Ventures]] (a philanthropic organization co-founded by Cari Tuna and her husband [[wikipedia:Dustin Moskovitz|Dustin Moskovitz]], one of the co-founders of [[wikipedia:Facebook|Facebook]])<ref name="Insidephilanthropy.com_March_20_2016c">{{cite web |url=http://www.insidephilanthropy.com/home/2015/12/14/how-does-an-emerging-army-of-tech-donors-think-ask-this-guy.html |title=How Does an Emerging "Army" of Tech Donors Think? Ask This Guy |publisher=Inside Philanthropy |date=December 14, 2015 |author=David Callahan |accessdate= March 20, 2016}}</ref> that tries to identify the most effective ways to give money to a wide variety of causes.<ref name="openphil_formerly_gwl">{{cite web |url=http://blog.givewell.org/2014/08/20/open-philanthropy-project-formerly-givewell-labs/ |title=Open Philanthropy Project (formerly GiveWell Labs) |first=Holden |last=Karnofsky |publisher=GiveWell}}</ref><ref name=syd>{{cite web|url = http://www.sydsbirthdaychallenge.com/blog/2015/8/27/open-philanthropy-project|title = Open Philanthropy Project|last = Martin|first = Sydney|date = September 5, 2015|accessdate = April 9, 2016}}</ref> || United States
 
|-
 
|-
| 2012 || Charity watchdog || [[Animal Charity Evaluators]] (ACE), a US-based non-profit charity evaluator and effective altruism-focused organization dedicated to finding and promoting the most effective ways to help animals, launches.<ref name="about">{{cite web|url = http://www.animalcharityevaluators.org/about/|title = About|publisher = Animal Charity Evaluators|accessdate = September 5, 2015}}</ref> In the coming years, ACE's recommendations would be cited by many publications discussing how to best help animals.<ref name=ace-givewell-vox>{{cite web|url = http://www.vox.com/2015/12/1/9826838/giving-tuesday-holiday-charity|title = These are the charities where your money will do the most good|last = Matthews|first = Dylan|authorlink = Dylan Matthews|date = December 1, 2015|accessdate = June 26, 2016|publisher = ''[[Vox (website)|Vox]]''}}</ref> || United States
+
| 2012 || Charity watchdog || [[wikipedia:Animal Charity Evaluators|Animal Charity Evaluators]] (ACE), a US-based non-profit charity evaluator and effective altruism-focused organization dedicated to finding and promoting the most effective ways to help animals, launches.<ref name="about">{{cite web|url = http://www.animalcharityevaluators.org/about/|title = About|publisher = Animal Charity Evaluators|accessdate = September 5, 2015}}</ref> In the coming years, ACE's recommendations would be cited by many publications discussing how to best help animals.<ref name=ace-givewell-vox>{{cite web|url = http://www.vox.com/2015/12/1/9826838/giving-tuesday-holiday-charity|title = These are the charities where your money will do the most good|last = Matthews|first = Dylan|authorlink = Dylan Matthews|date = December 1, 2015|accessdate = June 26, 2016|publisher = ''[[wikipedia:Vox (website)|Vox]]''}}</ref> || United States
 
|-
 
|-
| 2013 || Publication || [[Inside Philanthropy]] is launched by [[David Callahan]].<ref name=ip-crunchbase>{{cite web |url=https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/inside-philanthropy |title=Inside Philanthropy |website = [[CrunchBase]] |date=  |author= |accessdate= August 30, 2015}}</ref> The web publication covers billionaire and foundation giving as well as the activities of nonprofits.<ref name=ip-forbes>{{cite web |url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/tomwatson/2014/07/20/challenging-the-big-funders-philanthropy-startup-targets-billionaires-and-their-giving/ |title=Challenging The Big Funders: Philanthropy Startup Targets Billionaires And Their Giving |newspaper=Forbes |date=  |author= |accessdate= August 30, 2015}}</ref> || United States
+
| 2013 || Publication || [[wikipedia:Inside Philanthropy|Inside Philanthropy]] is launched by [[wikipedia:David Callahan|David Callahan]].<ref name=ip-crunchbase>{{cite web |url=https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/inside-philanthropy |title=Inside Philanthropy |website = [[wikipedia:CrunchBase|CrunchBase]] |date=  |author= |accessdate= August 30, 2015}}</ref> The web publication covers billionaire and foundation giving as well as the activities of nonprofits.<ref name=ip-forbes>{{cite web |url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/tomwatson/2014/07/20/challenging-the-big-funders-philanthropy-startup-targets-billionaires-and-their-giving/ |title=Challenging The Big Funders: Philanthropy Startup Targets Billionaires And Their Giving |newspaper=Forbes |date=  |author= |accessdate= August 30, 2015}}</ref> || United States
 
|-
 
|-
| 2015 || Charity watchdog || ImpactMatters is launched in December by economist [[Dean Karlan]] and Elijah Goldberg.<ref>{{cite web |title=Announcing ImpactMatters: Auditing Charity Impact across Causes |url=http://effective-altruism.com/ea/qq/announcing_impactmatters_auditing_charity_impact/ |publisher=Effective Altruism Forum |date=December 11, 2015 |author=Zach Groff}}</ref> ImpactMatter is [[Business incubator|incubated]] at [[Innovations for Poverty Action]] and conducts audits of nonprofits.<ref>{{cite web |title=IPA Incubates New Nonprofit Organization ImpactMatters |url=http://www.poverty-action.org/blog/ipa-incubates-new-nonprofit-organization-impactmatters |publisher=[[Innovations for Poverty Action]] |date=December 11, 2015 |author=Annie Duflo}}</ref> || United States
+
| 2015 || Charity watchdog || ImpactMatters is launched in December by economist [[wikipedia:Dean Karlan|Dean Karlan]] and Elijah Goldberg.<ref>{{cite web |title=Announcing ImpactMatters: Auditing Charity Impact across Causes |url=http://effective-altruism.com/ea/qq/announcing_impactmatters_auditing_charity_impact/ |publisher=Effective Altruism Forum |date=December 11, 2015 |author=Zach Groff}}</ref> ImpactMatter is [[wikipedia:Business incubator|incubated]] at [[wikipedia:Innovations for Poverty Action|Innovations for Poverty Action]] and conducts audits of nonprofits.<ref>{{cite web |title=IPA Incubates New Nonprofit Organization ImpactMatters |url=http://www.poverty-action.org/blog/ipa-incubates-new-nonprofit-organization-impactmatters |publisher=[[wikipedia:Innovations for Poverty Action|Innovations for Poverty Action]] |date=December 11, 2015 |author=Annie Duflo}}</ref> || United States
 
|}
 
|}
  
 
==See also==
 
==See also==
  
*[[Effective altruism]]
+
*[[wikipedia:Effective altruism|Effective altruism]]
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
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[[Category:Society-related timelines|Nonprofit evaluation]]
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[[wikipedia:Category:Society-related timelines|Nonprofit evaluation]]
[[Category:Global health]]
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[[wikipedia:Category:Global health|Category:Global health]]
[[Category:Charity]]
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[[wikipedia:Category:Charity|Category:Charity]]

Revision as of 16:31, 12 March 2017

The content on this page is forked from the English Wikipedia page entitled "Timeline of nonprofit evaluation". The original page still exists at Timeline of nonprofit evaluation. The original content was released under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License (CC-BY-SA), so this page inherits this license.

This is a timeline of nonprofit evaluation, in particular charity evaluation.

Big picture

Time period Key developments
1869–1930s Scientific philanthropy (or scientific charity) begins. This movement is influenced by Social Darwinism in trying to exclude certain groups from receiving support, but is also focused on record-keeping and self-evaluation.[1][2]
1992–present Starting with CharityWatch, this period sees the emergence of many charity watchdog organizations.
late 2000s Effective altruism begins to emerge as a movement with its current name. The movement emphasizes the evaluation of charity organizations and causes and includes charity watchdogs like GiveWell.

Full timeline

Year Evaluation type Event Geographic location
1869 Self-evaluation Charity Organization Societies (COS) begin in England. In the US, the COS keeps centralized records and learn from each other, and is part of the Scientific Charity Movement. The COS is dominant in private charity until the 1930s.[1] England, Germany, United States
1941 Government regulation Form 990 is first used.[3] Form 990 is an Internal Revenue Service form that provides the public with financial information about a nonprofit organization and is sometimes used by charity evaluation organizations. United States
1956 Resource Foundation Center is founded.[4] Among other activities, the Foundation Center provides databases with detailed information about nonprofits.[4][5] It is often cited in news reports on the state of foundation giving.[6][7] United States
1966 Foundation measuring nonprofit grantees The Hewlett Foundation is established.[8] In the coming years, the Hewlett Foundation would focus on "outcome-focused grantmaking"[9] and start the Nonprofit Marketplace Initiative, a funder of many charity evaluation organizations.
1982 Resource The National Center for Charitable Statistics (NCCS) launches. In 1986, NCCS would become a project of the Center on Nonprofits and Philanthropy at the Urban Institute.[10] NCCS is most famous for developing the National Taxonomy of Exempt Entities (NTEE). NTEE codes are used both by the IRS[11] and by other resources and charity evaluators such as GuideStar[12] and Charity Navigator.[13] United States
1987 Publication The NonProfit Times, a newspaper covering the nonprofit sector, is launched.[14][15] United States (New Jersey, but covers the whole country)
1988 Publication The Chronicle of Philanthropy is founded.[16] The Chronicle of Philanthropy is a newspaper that covers the nonprofit world and is aimed at charity leaders, foundation executives, fund raisers, and other people involved in philanthropy.[16]
1992 Charity watchdog CharityWatch is founded as American Institute of Philanthropy.[17] CharityWatch provides information about charities' financial efficiency, accountability, governance, and fundraising.[18] United States
1994 Charity watchdog GuideStar, an information service specializing in reporting on US nonprofit companies, launches as Philanthropic Research, Inc. with a staff of five: founder Buzz Schmidt and four employees.[18][19] United States
1999 Consulting McKinsey & Company creates a separate non-profit practice focused on global public health, foundations, and international aid and development. In general, it charges half its regular fee for such work. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, which would formally be founded in 2000, is one of its first clients.[20] United States
2000 Consulting The Bridgespan Group is founded by Thomas Tierney, former Managing Director of Bain & Company.[20][21] Its goal is to provide management consulting to nonprofits and philanthropists.[20][21][22] Bridgespan differs from McKinsey in its initial focus: it is targeting mid-sized nonprofits rather than large ones.[20] United States (Boston)
2000 Consulting Faunalytics, a nonprofit organization that conducts opinion polls, audience surveys, focus groups, and other types of research for animal advocates. Faunalytics helps nonprofits conduct direct impact measurement and evaluation of programs.[23]
2000 Consulting FSG is founded as Foundation Strategy Group by Michael Porter with Mark Kramer. FSG provides consulting to nonprofits to increase impact, and has introduced concepts such as catalytic philanthropy.[24] FSG has also published documents such as Breakthroughs in Shared Measurement and Social Impact, which explores how to evaluate outcomes in organizations.[22][25] United States (Boston)
2000 Charity watchdog Ministry Watch, an evangelical Christian organization that reviews Protestant ministries for financial accountability and transparency, is founded.
2001 Charity watchdog BBB Wise Giving Alliance adopts its current name.[26] The BBB Wise Giving Alliance publishes a set of standards of accountability for charitable organizations and evaluations of national charities against those standards. United States
2001 Charity watchdog Charity Navigator is launched by Pat and Marion Dugan.[27] Charity Navigator is an American independent charity watchdog organization that evaluates charitable organizations in the United States.[28] United States
2001 Consulting The Center for Effective Philanthropy, a nonprofit organization focused on the development of comparative data to enable higher-performing philanthropic funders, is founded. Phil Buchanan is its chief executive at the time of founding.[29][30] United States (Cambridge, Massachusetts)
2002 Charity watchdog New Philanthropy Capital launches, founded by Goldman Sachs partners Gavyn Davies and Peter Wheeler.[31] New Philanthropy Capital is a charitable organisation that tries to direct more funding to effective charities and help donors make more informed decisions on how to give.[20][32] United Kingdom (London)
2003 Publication First issue of the Stanford Social Innovation Review, a magazine-cum-website about social innovation, is published.[33] United States
2003 Consulting The Redstone Strategy Group, a company that helps nonprofits by conducting analysis, is founded.[34] United States
2005 Charity watchdog Intelligent Giving launches. Intelligent Giving is a charity evaluator advising donors on how to make the most satisfactory use of their money. It employs a casual, witty style on their website. Intelligent Giving would stop operating in 2009.[35] (Note: 2005 is the earliest mention of the organization; the founding date is unclear.) United Kingdom (London)
2006 Charity watchdog Nonprofit Marketplace Initiative launches. Nonprofit Marketplace Initiative is an initiative of the Effective Philanthropy Group of the Hewlett Foundation that tries to have more individual philanthropic donations be based on information about a nonprofit's performance.[36][37][38][39] It has also funded GiveWell.[40] The Nonprofit Marketplace Initiative would close in April 2014.
2006 Resource Center for High Impact Philanthropy is established at the University of Pennsylvania. The Center focuses on high impact philanthropy, both in the US and internationally and puts out studies, papers, and briefings on how to maximize the impact of one's philanthropy.[41] United States
Late 2000s, continuing into 2010s Social movement Effective altruism, a philosophy and social movement that attempts to apply evidence and reason to ethical decision-making, begins to emerge as a movement. Note that the term "effective altruism" would be coined only in the 2010s.[42][43] Global, but concentrated initially in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia
2006 Charity watchdog Charity Intelligence Canada is conceived.[44] Its first audited financial statement is for the year from July 1, 2007 to June 30, 2008, so some sources put the founding date as 2007 or 2008.[45][46] In 2012, Charity Intelligence Canada temporarily loses its own registered charity status in 2011 due to failure to file financial reports.[47] Its recommendations and ratings are cited in Canadian publications in discussions of where to donate.[48][49] Canada
2007 Charity watchdog GreatNonprofits is founded. GreatNonprofits provides reviews and ratings of US nonprofit organizations.[50] United States
2007 Charity watchdog GiveWell launches, founded by former Bridgewater Associates hedge fund analysts Holden Karnofsky and Elie Hassenfeld.[51] GiveWell is a non-profit charity evaluator and effective altruism-focused organization that focuses primarily on the cost-effectiveness of the organizations that it evaluates, rather than traditional metrics such as the percentage of the organization's budget that is spent on overhead.[52] In the coming years, GiveWell's top recommendations would be cited by many publications discussing where to donate money.[53][54][55] United States, but evaluating charities globally. Initially based in New York City, later moved to San Francisco
2008 Charity watchdog Philanthropedia launches as the Nonprofit Knowledge Network. Philanthropedia is an expert crowdsourcing resource for funders and others to learn about high-impact nonprofit organizations.[56] In 2011 it would become a division of GuideStar.[57]
2008 Resource The International Aid Transparency Initiative (IATI) launches in September at the Third High Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness held in Accra, Ghana.[58]:3[59] The IATI provides a standard XML schema which organizations can use to report their activities. The IATI also provides a registry that tracks the aid information of 473 organizations as of September 2016.[60]
2010 Charity watchdog Jumo is launched by Facebook co-founder Chris Hughes.[61][62] Jumo is a social networking service and website that indexes charities so people can find and evaluate them. Jumo would merge with GOOD in August 2011.[63] United States (Palo Alto, California)
2010–2011 Charity watchdog In July 2010, Charity Navigator (CN) announces its first major revamp.[64] This revamping begins what the organization states is the process to move toward CN 3.0, which is a three-dimensional rating system that will include what they consider the critical elements to consider in making a wise charitable investment – (1) financial health (Charity Navigator evaluated this from its inception), (2) accountability and transparency (begun in July 2010) and (3) results reporting (slated to begin rating this dimension in July 2012).[65] After collecting data for more than a year, in September 2011 Charity Navigator launches CN 2.0, which is a two-dimensional rating system that rates a charity's (1) financial health and (2) accountability and transparency.[66]
2011 Charity watchdog/foundation Open Philanthropy Project (Open Phil) launches as GiveWell Labs. Open Phil is a joint project between GiveWell (a charity evaluator focusing mostly on global health) and Good Ventures (a philanthropic organization co-founded by Cari Tuna and her husband Dustin Moskovitz, one of the co-founders of Facebook)[67] that tries to identify the most effective ways to give money to a wide variety of causes.[68][69] United States
2012 Charity watchdog Animal Charity Evaluators (ACE), a US-based non-profit charity evaluator and effective altruism-focused organization dedicated to finding and promoting the most effective ways to help animals, launches.[70] In the coming years, ACE's recommendations would be cited by many publications discussing how to best help animals.[53] United States
2013 Publication Inside Philanthropy is launched by David Callahan.[71] The web publication covers billionaire and foundation giving as well as the activities of nonprofits.[72] United States
2015 Charity watchdog ImpactMatters is launched in December by economist Dean Karlan and Elijah Goldberg.[73] ImpactMatter is incubated at Innovations for Poverty Action and conducts audits of nonprofits.[74] United States

See also

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Stuhler, Linda S. "Scientific Charity Movement and Charity Organization Societies". Retrieved April 29, 2016. 
  2. Emma Saunders-Hastings (July 1, 2015). "The Logic of Effective Altruism". Boston Review. Retrieved July 17, 2016. 
  3. Cheryl Chasin, Debra Kawecki and David Jones (2002). "G. Form 990" (PDF). Internal Revenue Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 2, 2015. Retrieved January 29, 2016. 
  4. 4.0 4.1 "About Foundation Center". Foundation Center. Retrieved April 27, 2016. 
  5. Teltsch, Kathleen (April 11, 1982). "INFORMATION CENTER AIDS PEOPLE SEEKING GRANTS". New York Times. Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  6. Abelson, Reed (March 29, 2000). "Foundation Giving Is at $23 Billion High". New York Times. Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  7. Strom, Stephanie (March 30, 2009). "Foundation Giving in '08 Defied Huge Asset Decline". New York Times. Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  8. "William and Flora Hewlett and the Hewlett Foundation". Hewlett Foundation. Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  9. "Doing good today and better tomorrow" (PDF). The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation Environment Program. 
  10. "About NCCS". National Center for Charitable Statistics. Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  11. "Instructions for Form 1023-EZ (08/2015). Streamlined Application for Recognition of Exemption Under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code". Internal Revenue Service. Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  12. "National Taxonomy of Exempt Entities (NTEE) Classification System". GuideStar. Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  13. "Charity Navigator rating for the Anti-Defamation League". Charity Navigator. Retrieved June 26, 2016.  (note that the description of the charity includes a NTEE code, classification, and type)
  14. "Moving Beyond the Four Horsemen of the Philanthropy Beat". New York Times. November 20, 2000. Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  15. Meier, Barry (December 2, 1989). "CONSUMER'S WORLD; Seeking Charities That Actually Help". New York Times. Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  16. 16.0 16.1 Doty, Cate (September 10, 2007). "Who's the Most Charitable of Us All? Celebrities Don't Always Make the Cut". New York Times. 
  17. "American Institute of Philanthropy, CharityWatch". Double the Donation. December 21, 2013. 
  18. 18.0 18.1 "Watchdogging the charity watchdogs". Seattle Times. December 29, 2011. Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  19. "GuideStar History". Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  20. 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 "Virtue's intermediaries", The Economist, February 23, 2006, retrieved August 21, 2013 
  21. 21.0 21.1 "Want a Business Plan? Log on for Free Advice", The New York Times, November 10, 2008, retrieved August 21, 2013 
  22. 22.0 22.1 "Nonprofit Consulting/Philanthropic Advising Firms". Stanford University. Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  23. "Che Green". Faunalytics. Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  24. "Our Story". FSG. Retrieved April 27, 2016. 
  25. "Evaluation for Nonprofit Organizations". Foundation Center. Retrieved April 27, 2016. 
  26. O'Donnell, Jayne (December 27, 2012). "BBB's charity ratings, seal of approval under fire". Retrieved April 25, 2016. 
  27. "Video: The History of Charity Navigator". Charity Navigator. Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  28. Strom, Stephanie (November 27, 2010). "To Help Donors Choose, Web Site Alters How It Sizes Up Charities". New York Times. Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  29. "Phil Buchanan". The Center for Effective Philanthropy. Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  30. Strom, Stephanie (April 23, 2004). "Charities Surprise Donor Foundations With Bluntness". New York Times. Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  31. "Our history". New Philanthropy Capital. Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  32. Butler, Patrick (August 1, 2007). "Full stop missing on child abuse". The Guardian. Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  33. "Spring 2003 Issue". Stanford Social Innovation Review. Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  34. "Redstone Strategy Group Llc". Bloomberg. 
  35. "How to Give". The Spectator. Retrieved 24 July 2014. 
  36. Harold, Jacob (August 5, 2014). "Dialogue about the Hewlett Foundation's Nonprofit Marketplace Initiative". Retrieved December 6, 2015. 
  37. Karnofsky, Holden (August 5, 2014). "Thoughts on the End of Hewlett's Nonprofit Marketplace Initiative". GiveWell. Retrieved December 5, 2015. 
  38. "Hewlett Ends Effort to Get Donors to Make Dispassionate Choices on Giving". Chronicle of Philanthropy. April 3, 2014. Retrieved December 5, 2015. 
  39. Twersky, Fay (April 4, 2014). "Follow-up on Our Decision to End the Nonprofit Marketplace Initiative". Hewlett Foundation. Retrieved December 5, 2015. 
  40. Karnofsky, Holden (August 5, 2014). "Thoughts on the End of Hewlett's Nonprofit Marketplace Initiative". 
  41. "About". Center for High Impact Philanthropy. Retrieved 2012-12-05. 
  42. Singer, Peter (April 1, 2015). "The Most Good You Can Do". The Life You Can Save. Retrieved April 11, 2015. 
  43. Cowen, Tyler (August 16, 2015). "Effective Altruism: Where Charity and Rationality Meet". New York Times. Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  44. "Our Story". Charity Intelligence Canada. Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  45. "Audited Financial Statements". Charity Intelligence Canada. Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  46. "Who is Charity Intelligence Canada? Registered charity helps people decide where to donate their money.". The Star. November 15, 2011. Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  47. Waldie, Paul (September 24, 2012). "Tables turned on Charity Intelligence as charitable status revoked". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  48. "Charity Intelligence names top 10 organizations on social return on investment. Charities in Canada, the E.U. and the U.S. produce 2 dollars of return for every dollar donated, on average". CBC News. November 4, 2015. Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  49. Brownell, Claire (December 12, 2014). "Charities of the Year: How the Financial Post chose from 86,000 registered Canadian organizations". Financial Post. Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  50. "The Story of GreatNonprofits". GreatNonprofits. Retrieved April 27, 2016. 
  51. "Our Story". GiveWell. Retrieved 2012-08-16. 
  52. Stephanie Strom (December 20, 2007). "2 Young Hedge-Fund Veterans Stir Up the World of Philanthropy". The New York Times. 
  53. 53.0 53.1 Matthews, Dylan (December 1, 2015). "These are the charities where your money will do the most good". Vox. Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  54. Ron Lieber (April 25, 2014). "Donating, and Making Sure the Money Is Put to Work". The New York Times. Retrieved June 17, 2016. 
  55. Linch Zhang (June 21, 2016). "How Can You do the Most Good with Your Charitable Giving? This Expert's Answers Might Surprise You". The Huffington Post. Retrieved June 21, 2016. 
  56. Cuberta, Phil. "Dam Busting to Get a Flood of Giving Now". 50 Shades of Grey in Philanthropy. Gift Hub. Retrieved 21 December 2012. 
  57. Deyan (March 17, 2011). "Exciting Announcement: GuideStar Acquires Philanthropedia". My Philanthropedia. Retrieved June 26, 2016. 
  58. Davies, Ian C.; Brümmer, Julia; Vaca, Sara; Weiss, Lauren (October 2015). "Evaluation of the International Aid Transparency Initiative IATI: "Evaluation of IATI as a Political Initiative": Final Report" (PDF). Retrieved September 11, 2016. 
  59. Claudia Schwegmann (January 17, 2013). ""My CEO will tear off my head, if I suggest to him that we implement IATI."". Space for Transparency. Retrieved September 9, 2016. 
  60. "Welcome - IATI Registry". Retrieved September 6, 2016. 
  61. Jenna Wortham (2010-11-30). "2010 A Facebook Founder Begins a Social Network Focused on Charities". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-12-01. 
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Nonprofit evaluation Category:Global health Category:Charity