Difference between revisions of "Timeline of nutritional supplements"

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This is a '''timeline of {{w|nutritional supplement}}s'''.
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This is a '''timeline of {{w|nutritional supplement}}s''', which attempts to describe significant events in the history of dietary supplements and vitamins.
  
 
== Sample questions ==
 
== Sample questions ==
  
The following are some interesting questions that can be answered by reading this timeline:  
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The following are some interesting questions that can be answered by reading this timeline:
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* What topics are mentioned in this timeline?
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** Sort the full timeline by "Key topic".
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** You will mostly see types of supplements.
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* What are some notable or illustrative examples of the myriad of products sold under the category of nutritional supplements, and what are some notable or illustrative companies operating in the industry?
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** Sort the full timeline by "Event type" and look for the group of rows with value "Industry".
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** You will see launch of products, such as famous {{w|Haarlem oil}}, as well as some companies, like {{w|Nutrilite}}.
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* What are some notable scientific events involving vitamins and supplements?
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** Sort the full timeline by "Event type" and look for the group of rows with value "Scientific development".
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** You will see notable scientific events, often discoveries of proteins and vitamins.
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* What are some illustrative policies introduced by authorities with the purpose to regulate the consumption of nutritional supplements?
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** Sort the full timeline by "Event type" and look for the group of rows with value "Policy".
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** You will see regulations on commercialization of products and labeling, as well as introdutions of special nutritive foods by governments.
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* Other events are described under the following types: "{{w|Adverse effect}}", "Concept development", "General consensus".
  
 
==Big picture==
 
==Big picture==
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! Time period !! Development summary !! More details
 
! Time period !! Development summary !! More details
 
|-
 
|-
| Before 20th century || || The concept of {{w|metabolism}} is already discovered in the 18th century by {{w|Antoine Lavoisier}}. By the early 1800s, the elements of carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen, the main components of food, are isolated and soon connected to health.<ref name="Natural Healers"/> "Dietitians and nutritionists first worked in hospitals in the late 19th century as the role of good nutrition in health began to be accepted. "<ref name="Natural Healers"/>
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| Before 20th century || Early scientific development || The concept of {{w|metabolism}} is already discovered in the 18th century by {{w|Antoine Lavoisier}}. By the early 1800s, the elements of carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen, the main components of food, are isolated and soon connected to health.<ref name="Natural Healers"/> "Dietitians and nutritionists first worked in hospitals in the late 19th century as the role of good nutrition in health began to be accepted. "<ref name="Natural Healers"/>
 
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| 20th century (first half) || Era of vitamin discovery || "The first half of the 20th century witnessed the identification and synthesis of many of the known essential vitamins and minerals and their use to prevent and treat nutritional deficiency related diseases including scurvy, beriberi, pellagra, rickets, xerophthalmia, and nutritional anaemias."<ref name="Mozaffarian">{{cite journal |last1=Mozaffarian |first1=Dariush |last2=Rosenberg |first2=Irwin |last3=Uauy |first3=Ricardo |title=History of modern nutrition science—implications for current research, dietary guidelines, and food policy |journal=BMJ |date=13 June 2018 |pages=k2392 |doi=10.1136/bmj.k2392}}</ref> "Until the 1930’s vitamins were obtained only through food intake. The vitamin B complex and Vitamin C were the first vitamins to be sold."<ref name="Kaizen">{{cite web |title=The History of Vitamins in the 20th Century Relating to Life Extension |url=http://kaizenlifequality.com/the-history-of-vitamins-in-the-20th-century-relating-to-life-extension/ |website=Kaizen |access-date=14 September 2021 |date=29 May 2021}}</ref> "The first vitamin pills were marketed in the 1930s, and created a new industry around science-based health products. "<ref name="Natural Healers"/>
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| 20th century (first half) || Era of vitamin discovery || "The first half of the 20th century witnessed the identification and synthesis of many of the known essential vitamins and minerals and their use to prevent and treat nutritional deficiency related diseases including scurvy, beriberi, pellagra, rickets, xerophthalmia, and nutritional anaemias."<ref name="Mozaffarian">{{cite journal |last1=Mozaffarian |first1=Dariush |last2=Rosenberg |first2=Irwin |last3=Uauy |first3=Ricardo |title=History of modern nutrition science—implications for current research, dietary guidelines, and food policy |journal=BMJ |date=13 June 2018 |pages=k2392 |doi=10.1136/bmj.k2392}}</ref> "Until the 1930’s vitamins were obtained only through food intake. The vitamin B complex and Vitamin C were the first vitamins to be sold."<ref name="Kaizen">{{cite web |title=The History of Vitamins in the 20th Century Relating to Life Extension |url=http://kaizenlifequality.com/the-history-of-vitamins-in-the-20th-century-relating-to-life-extension/ |website=Kaizen |access-date=14 September 2021 |date=29 May 2021}}</ref> "The first vitamin pills were marketed in the 1930s, and created a new industry around science-based health products. "<ref name="Natural Healers"/> "In the 1920s, vitamin A and C sales surged as the public began to believe that if a supplement contained vitamins, it contained other miraculous chemical compounds as well. This let to vitamin B2 surging in the 1930s. "<ref name="Supplement Factory"/>
 
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| 20th century (second half) || || "By the mid-20th century all major vitamins had been isolated and synthesised"<ref name="Mozaffarian"/> "In the 1920s, vitamin A and C sales surged as the public began to believe that if a supplement contained vitamins, it contained other miraculous chemical compounds as well. This let to vitamin B2 surging in the 1930s. " "By the 1950s, many multivitamins were sold and promoted in stores to be kept on the dining table for meal times."<ref name="Supplement Factory"/> "By the middle of the 20th century vitamins were widely available as inexpensive food supplements and additives."<ref name="Kaizen"/> "Supplement usage traces all the way back to the mid-20th century. After synthesizing and isolating all the types of vitamins our body needs to survive, clinicians began looking to address health issues through single vitamin supplements." <ref name="Stratum Nutrition"/> "The 1960s therefore saw an explosion of bodybuilding supplements"<ref name="BarBend"/>
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| Mid-20th century onwards || Nutritional supplement era || By the mid-20th century all major vitamins have been isolated and synthesized.<ref name="Mozaffarian"/> After synthesizing and isolating all the types of vitamins our body needs to survive, clinicians begin looking to address health issues through single vitamin supplements.<ref name="Stratum Nutrition"/>  Many multivitamins start being sold and promoted in stores to be kept on the dining table for meal times.<ref name="Supplement Factory"/> Vitamins become widely available as inexpensive food supplements and additives.<ref name="Kaizen"/> Supplement usage flourishes. <ref name="Stratum Nutrition"/> The 1960s see an explosion of bodybuilding supplements"<ref name="BarBend"/> The increasing modernization of agriculture in the 1970s to 1990s, as well as the rise in commercial retail stores selling prepackaged food leads to a dramatic change in people’s diets including a lack of nutrients. To fill this gap more people turn to dietary supplements.<ref name="Stratum Nutrition"/><ref name="Supplements">{{cite journal |last1=Supplements |first1=Institute of Medicine (US) and National Research Council (US) Committee on the Framework for Evaluating the Safety of Dietary |title=Introduction and Background |date=2005 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK216048/ |publisher=National Academies Press (US) |language=en}}</ref>
 
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| 1970–1990 || || "The increasing modernization of agriculture in the 1970’s to 1990’s, as well as the rise in commercial retail stores selling prepackaged food led to a dramatic change in people’s diets including a lack of nutrients. To fill this gap more people started to turn to dietary supplements."<ref name="Stratum Nutrition"/> " Vitamin and mineral supplement use by the U.S. population has been a growing trend since the 1970s"<ref name="Supplements">{{cite journal |last1=Supplements |first1=Institute of Medicine (US) and National Research Council (US) Committee on the Framework for Evaluating the Safety of Dietary |title=Introduction and Background |date=2005 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK216048/ |publisher=National Academies Press (US) |language=en}}</ref>
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| 21st century || Recent trend || The interest in supplementation significantly increases in the early 2000s, particularly the role in combating diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and cancers.<ref name="supergreentonik.com"/>
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| 21st century || || The interest in supplementation significantly increases in the early 2000s, particularly the role in combating diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and cancers.<ref name="supergreentonik.com"/>
 
 
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|}
 
|}
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==Full timeline==
 
==Full timeline==
  
 
{| class="sortable wikitable"
 
{| class="sortable wikitable"
! Year !! Event type !! Category !! Details || Location/Researcher affiliation
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! Year !! Event type !! Key topic !! Details !! Location/Researcher affiliation !! Nutrient/product property (when applicable)
|-
 
| 196 AD || || || "One of the first written texts covering the use of ginseng as a medicinal herb was the Shen Nong Pharmacopoeia, written in China in 196 AD."
 
 
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| 1696 || || || {{w|Haarlem oil}} is invented by Claes Tilly and is marketed as a cure for many ailments.<ref>{{cite book|first=Samuel |last=North |entry=Haarlem oil |title=The family physician and guide to health, together with some remarks on surgery |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YH8XAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA303 |year=1830 |place=Waterloo, NY |publisher=Wm. Child |pp=303–304}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.haarlem-oil.com/medical-test-and-research/conclusion-of-dr-kiener-about-haarlem-oil|title=Conclusion of Dr. Kiener about Haarlem Oil|website=Haarlem Oil {{!}} Haarlem Oil For Horses|language=en-gb|access-date=2021-08-10}}</ref> || {{w|Netherlands}}
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| 196 AD || Literature || {{w|Ginseng}} || The Shen Nong Pharmacopoeia is written in China. This is one of the first written texts covering the use of {{w|ginseng}} as a medicinal herb.<ref>{{cite web |title=Panax Ginseng and Health |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339017091_Panax_Ginseng_and_Health |website=researchgate.net |access-date=29 September 2021}}</ref> || {{w|China}} || A root commonly used today as a supplement in herbal medicine, ginseng is thought to increase energy, boost the immune system, and help manage certain health conditions.<ref>{{cite web |title=Panax Ginseng May Help With Diabetes, Cognition, and More |url=https://www.verywellhealth.com/the-benefits-of-ginseng-89219 |website=Verywell Health |access-date=29 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref>  
 
|-
 
|-
| 1770 || || || "The concept of metabolism, the transfer of food and oxygen into heat and water in the body, creating energy, was discovered in 1770 by Antoine Lavoisier, the “Father of Nutrition and Chemistry.” "<ref name="Natural Healers">{{cite web |title=Read How Nutrition Careers Have Evolved Over Time |url=https://www.naturalhealers.com/blog/nutrition-history/ |website=Natural Healers |access-date=14 September 2021 |date=7 October 2016}}</ref> ||
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| 1696 || Industry || {{w|Haarlem oil}} || {{w|Haarlem oil}} is invented by Claes Tilly and is marketed as a cure for many ailments.<ref>{{cite book|first=Samuel |last=North |entry=Haarlem oil |title=The family physician and guide to health, together with some remarks on surgery |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YH8XAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA303 |year=1830 |place=Waterloo, NY |publisher=Wm. Child |pp=303–304}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.haarlem-oil.com/medical-test-and-research/conclusion-of-dr-kiener-about-haarlem-oil|title=Conclusion of Dr. Kiener about Haarlem Oil|website=Haarlem Oil {{!}} Haarlem Oil For Horses|language=en-gb|access-date=2021-08-10}}</ref> It is a special blend of natural oils and sulphur.<ref>{{cite web |title=Haarlem Oil for Horses/Dogs/Cats |url=https://equigensolutions.com/haarlem-oil |website=Equigen Solutions |access-date=25 October 2021}}</ref> || {{w|Netherlands}} || Haarlem oil is effective in preventing respiratory illness, passive and active smoking, unhealthy diets and rheumatoid arthritis.<ref>{{cite web |title=Haarlem Oil - Detox and cell protection - 60 caps |url=https://naturotrade.com/product/haarlem-oil-detox-and-cell-protection-60-caps/ |website=NaturoTrade |access-date=28 September 2021}}</ref>  
 
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| 1770 || || || Cod liver oil, rich in {{w|vitamin D}}, is first advocated for the treatment of {{w|tuberculosis}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cod Liver Oil - an overview {{!}} ScienceDirect Topics |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/cod-liver-oil |website=www.sciencedirect.com |access-date=11 August 2021}}</ref> Derived from [[w:liver (food)|liver]] of [[w:cod|cod fish]] ({{w|Gadidae}}), today it is a {{w|dietary supplement}}. ||  
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| 1770 || Scientific development || Metabolism || French chemist {{w|Antoine Lavoisier}} discovers the concept of metabolism, which is the transfer of food and oxygen into heat and water in the body, creating energy.<ref name="Natural Healers">{{cite web |title=Read How Nutrition Careers Have Evolved Over Time |url=https://www.naturalhealers.com/blog/nutrition-history/ |website=Natural Healers |access-date=14 September 2021 |date=7 October 2016}}</ref> || {{w|France}} ||
 
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| 1827 || || || P.J. Turpin isolates spirulina from a freshwater sample.<ref name="Gupta"/> ||
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| 1770 || Scientific development || {{w|Cod liver oil}} || Cod liver oil, rich in {{w|vitamin D}}, is first advocated for the treatment of {{w|tuberculosis}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cod Liver Oil - an overview {{!}} ScienceDirect Topics |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/cod-liver-oil |website=www.sciencedirect.com |access-date=11 August 2021}}</ref> Derived from [[w:liver (food)|liver]] of [[w:cod|cod fish]] ({{w|Gadidae}}), today it is a {{w|dietary supplement}}. || || "Cod liver oil contains vitamin A, a vital nutrient for immune system function, cellular growth, eye health, and reproduction. It's also rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which decrease blood clot formation and reduce inflammation in the body."<ref>{{cite web |title=Cod Liver Oil: Are There Health Benefits? |url=https://www.webmd.com/diet/cod-liver-oil-health-benefits#1 |website=WebMD |access-date=18 October 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
 
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| 1832 || || || {{w|Creatine}} is first identified when French chemist {{w|Michel Eugène Chevreul}} manages to isolate it from the basified water-extract of {{w|skeletal muscle}}. He would later name the crystallized precipitate after the [[w:Greek language|Greek]] word for meat, κρέας (''kreas''). || {{w|France}}
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| 1827 || Scientific development || ''[[W:Spirulina (genus)|Spirulina]]'' || French botanist P.J. Turpin isolates ''[[W:Spirulina (genus)|spirulina]]'', a {{w|genus}} of {{w|cyanobacteria}}, from a freshwater sample.<ref name="Gupta"/> || || "Spirulina is a potent source of nutrients. It contains a powerful plant-based protein called phycocyanin. Research shows this may have antioxidant, pain-relief, anti-inflammatory, and brain-protective properties. Many antioxidants in spirulina have anti-inflammatory effects in the body"<ref>{{cite web |title=Spirulina: Are There Health Benefits? |url=https://www.webmd.com/diet/spirulina-health-benefits#1 |website=WebMD |access-date=18 October 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
 
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| 1849 || || || German chemist {{w|Adolph Strecker}} becomes the first to isolate choline from pig {{w|bile}}.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Strecker A |date=1849 |title=Beobachtungen über die galle verschiedener thiere |journal=Justus Liebigs Ann Chem |language=de |volume=70 |issue=2 |pages=149–197 |doi=10.1002/jlac.18490700203 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1427022 }}</ref><ref name="Sebrell_1971">{{cite book |title=The vitamins |vauthors=Sebrell WH, Harris RS, Alam SQ |publisher=Academic Press |year=1971 |isbn=9780126337631 |edition=2nd |volume=3 |pages=4, 12 |doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-633763-1.50007-5 }}</ref> Today, choline {{w|chloride}} and choline {{w|bitartrate}} are used in {{w|dietary supplement}}s. || {{w|Germany}}
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| 1832 || Scientific development || {{w|Creatine}} || {{w|Creatine}} is first identified when French chemist {{w|Michel Eugène Chevreul}} manages to isolate it from the basified water-extract of {{w|skeletal muscle}}. He would later name the crystallized precipitate after the [[w:Greek language|Greek]] word for meat, κρέας (''kreas'').<ref>{{cite web |last1=Soroka |first1=Jeremy |title=AN INTRODUCTION TO CREATINE {{!}} SCQ |url=https://www.scq.ubc.ca/an-introduction-to-creatine/ |website=www.scq.ubc.ca |access-date=18 October 2021 |date=23 November 2016}}</ref> || {{w|France}} || "Creatine is thought to improve strength, increase lean muscle mass, and help the muscles recover more quickly during exercise."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Watson |first1=Stephanie |title=An Overview of Creatine Supplements |url=https://www.webmd.com/men/creatine |website=WebMD |access-date=18 October 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
 
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| 1862 || || || Choline is discovered by Adolph Strecker.<ref name="What's Up, USANA?"/> ||
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| 1849 || Scientific development || {{w|Choline}} || German chemist {{w|Adolph Strecker}} becomes the first to isolate {{w|choline}} from pig {{w|bile}}.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Strecker A |date=1849 |title=Beobachtungen über die galle verschiedener thiere |journal=Justus Liebigs Ann Chem |language=de |volume=70 |issue=2 |pages=149–197 |doi=10.1002/jlac.18490700203 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1427022 }}</ref><ref name="Sebrell_1971">{{cite book |title=The vitamins |vauthors=Sebrell WH, Harris RS, Alam SQ |publisher=Academic Press |year=1971 |isbn=9780126337631 |edition=2nd |volume=3 |pages=4, 12 |doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-633763-1.50007-5 }}</ref> Today, choline {{w|chloride}} and choline {{w|bitartrate}} are used in {{w|dietary supplement}}s. || {{w|Germany}} || Choline is recognized as an essential nutrient by some institutes. It is needed for neurotransmitter synthesis (acetylcholine), cell-membrane signaling (phospholipids), lipid transport (lipoproteins), and methyl-group metabolism (homocysteine reduction).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Zeisel |first1=Steven H |last2=da Costa |first2=Kerry-Ann |title=Choline: an essential nutrient for public health |journal=Nutrition Reviews |date=November 2009 |volume=67 |issue=11 |pages=615–623 |doi=10.1111/j.1753-4887.2009.00246.x}}</ref>
 
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| 1866 || || || {{w|Mellin's Food}} "Mellin's Food Company was a maker of Mellin's Food for Infants and Invalids in Boston, Massachusetts. The company started when the English food chemist Gustav Mellin developed an infant formula in 1866. Mellin's formula was a simplified version of one which had been recently invented by the German chemist Justus von Liebig"<ref>{{cite web |title=Mellin's Food for Infants • Museum of Health Care at Kingston |url=https://mhc.andornot.com/en/permalink/artifact7905 |website=mhc.andornot.com |access-date=15 September 2021}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
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| 1850 || Scientific development || {{w|Lecithin}} || French chemist {{w|Theodore Nicolas Gobley}} first identifies {{w|lecithin}} in brain tissue and fish eggs.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lecithin properties |url=https://www.botanical-online.com/en/diet/lecithin |website=Botanical online |access-date=28 September 2021 |date=19 January 2019}}</ref><ref name="Nabavi"/> || {{w|France}} || It is a natural emollient, emulsifier, anti-oxidant, spreading agent, and contains high amounts of vitamin E.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lecithin {{!}} 8002-43-5 |url=https://www.chemicalbook.com/ChemicalProductProperty_EN_CB1242041.htm |website=www.chemicalbook.com |access-date=28 September 2021}}</ref>
 
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| 1876 || || || Glucosamine is first prepared by {{w|Georg Ledderhose}} by the {{w|hydrolysis}} of {{w|chitin}} with concentrated {{w|hydrochloric acid}}.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Georg Ledderhose |year=1876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hltBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1200 |title=Über salzsaures Glycosamin |trans-title=On glucosamine hydrochloride |journal=Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=1200–1201|doi=10.1002/cber.18760090251}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author = Ledderhose G |author-link =Georg Ledderhose|year = 1879|journal = Zeitschrift für Physiologische Chemie |title = Über Chitin und seine Spaltungs-produkte |trans-title=On chitin and its hydrolysis products |volume = ii |pages = 213–227 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author = Ledderhose G |author-link = Georg Ledderhose|year = 1880 |journal = Zeitschrift für Physiologische Chemie|title = Über Glykosamin|volume = iv |pages = 139–159}}</ref> ||       
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| 1866 || Industry || {{w|Infant formula}} || English food chemist Gustav Mellin develops an {{w|infant formula}} for infants and invalids in {{w|Boston}}, {{w|Massachusetts}}, and establishes {{w|Mellin's Food}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mellin's Food for Infants • Museum of Health Care at Kingston |url=https://mhc.andornot.com/en/permalink/artifact7905 |website=mhc.andornot.com |access-date=15 September 2021}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 
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| 1879 || || || Riboflavin is originally recognized as a growth factor and named vitamin B2 according to the British nomenclature system.<ref name="ATP Science">{{cite web |title=What is Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)? |url=https://atpscience.com/vitamin-b2/ |website=ATP Science |access-date=15 September 2021 |date=6 February 2018}}</ref> ||
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| 1876 || Scientific development || {{w|Glucosamine}} || {{w|Glucosamine}} is first prepared by German surgeon {{w|Georg Ledderhose}} by the {{w|hydrolysis}} of {{w|chitin}} with concentrated {{w|hydrochloric acid}}.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Georg Ledderhose |year=1876 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hltBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1200 |title=Über salzsaures Glycosamin |trans-title=On glucosamine hydrochloride |journal=Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=1200–1201|doi=10.1002/cber.18760090251}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author = Ledderhose G |author-link =Georg Ledderhose|year = 1879|journal = Zeitschrift für Physiologische Chemie |title = Über Chitin und seine Spaltungs-produkte |trans-title=On chitin and its hydrolysis products |volume = ii |pages = 213–227 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author = Ledderhose G |author-link = Georg Ledderhose|year = 1880 |journal = Zeitschrift für Physiologische Chemie|title = Über Glykosamin|volume = iv |pages = 139–159}}</ref> || {{w|Germany}} || "The body uses glucosamine to build and repair cartilage."<ref>{{cite web |title=Glucosamine: Uses, evidence, and side effects |url=https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/265748 |website=www.medicalnewstoday.com |access-date=18 October 2021 |language=en |date=19 May 2020}}</ref>    
 
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| 1890 || Discovery || {{w|Algae}} || Unicellular alga ''{{w|Chlorella vulgaris}}'' is discovered by [[w:Martinus Beijerinck|Martinus Willem Beijerinck]] as the first microalga with a well-defined nucleus. It is mainly used as a {{w|dietary supplement}} or {{w|protein}}-rich {{w|food additive}} in {{w|Japan}}.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Beijerinck, M. W. |year=1890|title= Culturversuche mit Zoochlorellen, Lichenengonidien und anderen niederen Algen|journal= Bot. Zeitung|volume= 48|pages= 781–785}}</ref> || {{w|Japan}}
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| 1879 || Scientific development || Vitamin B<sub>2</sub> || {{w|Riboflavin}} is originally recognized as a growth factor and named vitamin B2 according to the British nomenclature system.<ref name="ATP Science">{{cite web |title=What is Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)? |url=https://atpscience.com/vitamin-b2/ |website=ATP Science |access-date=15 September 2021 |date=6 February 2018}}</ref> Riboflavin, is one of eight B vitamins that are essential for human health.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vitamin B2: Role, sources, and deficiency |url=https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/219561#:~:text=Vitamin%20B2%2C%20or%20riboflavin%2C%20is,so%20it%20dissolves%20in%20water. |website=www.medicalnewstoday.com |access-date=27 September 2021 |language=en |date=7 March 2017}}</ref> || || "Riboflavin helps the body break down carbohydrates, proteins and fats to produce energy, and it allows oxygen to be used by the body."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bradford |first1=Alina |title=Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin): Sources, Benefits and Dosage |url=https://www.livescience.com/51966-vitamin-b2-riboflavin.html#:~:text=Riboflavin%20is%20a%20vitamin%20that,be%20used%20by%20the%20body. |website=livescience.com |access-date=18 October 2021 |language=en |date=25 August 2015}}</ref>
 
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| 1892 || || || Gomont discovers the aseptate form of the ''[[w:Spirulina (genus)|Spirulina]]'' genus and the septal form of the ''{{w|Arthrospira}}'' genus.<ref name="Gupta"/>
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| 1890 || Discovery || {{w|Algae}} (''{{w|Chlorella vulgaris}}'') || Unicellular alga ''{{w|Chlorella vulgaris}}'' is discovered by [[w:Martinus Beijerinck|Martinus Willem Beijerinck]] as the first microalga with a well-defined nucleus. It is mainly used as a {{w|dietary supplement}} or {{w|protein}}-rich {{w|food additive}} in {{w|Japan}}.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Beijerinck, M. W. |year=1890|title= Culturversuche mit Zoochlorellen, Lichenengonidien und anderen niederen Algen|journal= Bot. Zeitung|volume= 48|pages= 781–785}}</ref> || {{w|Japan}} || "Chlorella is used to prevent low levels of iron in women who are pregnant. It is also used for depression, menstrual cramps, fibromyalgia, high cholesterol, and other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses."<ref>{{cite web |title=CHLORELLA: Overview, Uses, Side Effects, Precautions, Interactions, Dosing and Reviews |url=https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-907/chlorella |website=www.webmd.com |access-date=18 October 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
 
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| 1897 || || || "Beriberi is a disease that is caused by B1 (Thiamin) deficiency.  According to Healthline, there are two types of this disease: wet and dry beriberi.  Wet beriberi affects the heart and circulatory system, and dry beriberi damages the nerves and may lead to loss of muscle strength or paralysis. Beriberi was discovered in 1897 by Christiaan Eijkman, a Dutch physician, and pathologist. He demonstrated that beriberi is caused by poor diet, and discovered that feeding unpolished rice to chickens helped to prevent beriberi."<ref name="What's Up, USANA?">{{cite web |title=The History and Discovery of Vitamins Through The Ages |url=https://whatsupusana.com/2017/04/vitamin-discovery/ |website=What's Up, USANA? |access-date=14 September 2021 |date=27 April 2017}}</ref> ||
+
| 1892 || Scientific development || ''[[w:Spirulina (genus)|Spirulina]]'', ''{{w|Arthrospira}}'' || Gomont discovers the aseptate form of the ''[[w:Spirulina (genus)|Spirulina]]'' genus and the septal form of the ''{{w|Arthrospira}}'' genus.<ref name="Gupta"/> Spirulina is a single-cell protein rich in all essential nutrients and vitamins.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Anvar |first1=Amir Ali |last2=Nowruzi |first2=Bahareh |title=Bioactive Properties of Spirulina: A Review |journal=Microbial Bioactives |date=19 May 2021 |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=134–142 |doi=10.25163/microbbioacts.412117B0719110521}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
| 1897 || Scientfic development || Vitamin B<sub>1</sub> || {{w|Thiamine}} is discovered.<ref name="Medicine LibreTexts">{{cite web |title=Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) |url=https://med.libretexts.org/Courses/Dominican_University/DU_Bio_1550%3A_Nutrition_(LoPresto)/7%3A_Vitamins/7.3%3A_Water_Soluble_Vitamins/Vitamin_B1 |website=Medicine LibreTexts |access-date=15 September 2021 |language=en |date=2 September 2018}}</ref> ||
+
| 1897 || Scientfic development || [[W:vitamin B1|Vitamin B<sub>1</sub>]] || {{w|Thiamine}} (Vitamin B1) is discovered.<ref name="Medicine LibreTexts">{{cite web |title=Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) |url=https://med.libretexts.org/Courses/Dominican_University/DU_Bio_1550%3A_Nutrition_(LoPresto)/7%3A_Vitamins/7.3%3A_Water_Soluble_Vitamins/Vitamin_B1 |website=Medicine LibreTexts |access-date=15 September 2021 |language=en |date=2 September 2018}}</ref> It is an essential nutrient required by the body for maintaining cellular and organ functions.<ref>{{cite web |title=Top 10 Foods Highest in Thiamin (Vitamin B1) |url=https://www.myfooddata.com/articles/thiamin-b1-foods.php |website=myfooddata |access-date=27 September 2021 |language=english}}</ref> || || "Thiamine enables the body to use carbohydrates as energy. It is essential for glucose metabolism, and it plays a key role in nerve, muscle, and heart function."<ref>{{cite web |title=Vitamin B1 (Thiamin): Foods, benefits, and deficiency symptoms |url=https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/219545#:~:text=Vitamin%20B1%2C%20thiamin%2C%20or%20thiamine,vitamins%20of%20the%20B%20complex. |website=www.medicalnewstoday.com |access-date=20 October 2021 |language=en |date=22 November 2017}}</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
| 1899 || Scientfic development || || {{w|Genistein}} is first isolated from the [[w:Genista tinctoria|dyer's broom, ''Genista tinctoria'']]; hence, the chemical name. The compound structure would be established in 1926, when it is found to be identical with that of '''prunetol'''. It would be chemically synthesized in 1928.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Walter |first1=E. D.|title=Genistin (an Isoflavone Glucoside) and its Aglucone, Genistein, from Soybeans |journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society |volume=63 |issue=12 |pages=3273–76 |year=1941 |doi=10.1021/ja01857a013}}</ref> ||
+
| 1899 || Scientfic development || {{w|Genistein}} || {{w|Genistein}} is first isolated from the [[w:Genista tinctoria|dyer's broom, ''Genista tinctoria'']].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Walter |first1=E. D.|title=Genistin (an Isoflavone Glucoside) and its Aglucone, Genistein, from Soybeans |journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society |volume=63 |issue=12 |pages=3273–76 |year=1941 |doi=10.1021/ja01857a013}}</ref> Today, it is an ingredient in dietary supplements aggressively marketed for bone health.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Turner |first1=Russell T. |last2=Iwaniec |first2=Urszula T. |last3=Andrade |first3=Juan E. |last4=Branscum |first4=Adam J. |last5=Neese |first5=Steven L. |last6=Olson |first6=Dawn A. |last7=Wagner |first7=Lindsay |last8=Wang |first8=Victor C. |last9=Schantz |first9=Susan L. |last10=Helferich |first10=William G. |title=Genistein administered as a once-daily oral supplement had no beneficial effect on the tibia in rat models for postmenopausal bone loss |journal=Menopause |date=June 2013 |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=677–686 |doi=10.1097/gme.0b013e31827d44df}}</ref> || || "Genistein is thought to benefit heart health through maintaining normal arterial elasticity and hence helping prevent hypertension. More specifically, genistein may help prevent cardiac hypertrophy."<ref>{{cite web |title=Emerging science supporting the health benefits of genistein |url=https://www.nutri-facts.org/en_US/news/articles/emerging-science-supporting-the-health-benefits-of-genistein.html |website=@nutri-facts |access-date=19 October 2021}}</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
| 1890s || || || "Produced in Germany but subsequently marketed in Great Britain, Plasmon was the nutritional supplement par excellence. Emerging in England in the late 1890s, Plasmon soon took the lifting community by storm"<ref name="BarBend"/> ||
+
| 1890s || Industry || {{w|Dried milk}} || Plasmon emerges in England. A proprietary dried milk, it is considered a nutritional supplement par excellence.<ref name="BarBend"/> || ||
 
|-  
 
|-  
| 1905 || || || {{w|Carnitine}} is first extracted from meat extracts. It is used by athletes for improvement of exercise performance, inhibit muscle cramps, or enhance recovery from physical training. ||
+
| 1905 || Scientific development || {{w|Carnitine}} || {{w|Carnitine}} is first extracted from meat extracts.<ref name="ddsssdsdsds">{{cite journal |last1=Ramsay |first1=Rona R. |title=A Brief History of Carnitine and its Presence in the CNS |journal=Neurochemistry |date=1997 |pages=1039–1045 |doi=10.1007/978-1-4615-5405-9_175}}</ref> It is a hydrophilic amino acid derivative that is critical for energy production.<ref>{{cite web |title=Carnitine - an overview {{!}} ScienceDirect Topics |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/carnitine |website=www.sciencedirect.com |access-date=25 October 2021}}</ref> || || Carnitine is used by athletes for improvement of exercise performance, inhibit muscle cramps, or enhance recovery from physical training.<ref name="ddsssdsdsds"/>
 
|-
 
|-
| 1911 || Organization || Milk formula || Nurse Laura Smith in Glasgow establishes [[w:Sister Lauras Food Supplement|Sister Laura's Infant Food Company]] to market a special milk formula of her own invention.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Weaver |first1=LT |title=Infant welfare, philanthropy and entrepreneurship in Glasgow: Sister Laura's Infant Food Company. |journal=The journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh |date=June 2008 |volume=38 |issue=2 |pages=179-86 |pmid=18831118}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
+
| 1910 || Scientific development || {{w|Curcumin}} || {{w|Curcumin}} is first described.<ref name="Nabavi">{{cite book |last1=Nabavi |first1=Seyed Mohammad |last2=Silva |first2=Ana Sanches Sanches |title=Nonvitamin and Nonmineral Nutritional Supplements |date=28 September 2018 |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-12-812563-2 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books/about/Nonvitamin_and_Nonmineral_Nutritional_Su.html?id=W_tUDwAAQBAJ&source=kp_book_description&redir_esc=y |language=en}}</ref> It is a biologically active {{w|polyphenol}}ic compound found in {{w|turmeric}}<ref>{{cite web |last1=Frank |first1=Kurtis |last2=Patel |first2=Kamal |last3=Lopez |first3=Gregory |last4=Willis |first4=Bill |title=Curcumin Research Analysis |url=https://examine.com/supplements/curcumin/ |language=en |date=14 September 2021}}</ref>, a spice derived from the rhizomes of the plant ''Curcuma longa Linn''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Curcumin |url=https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/dietary-factors/phytochemicals/curcumin |website=Linus Pauling Institute |access-date=25 October 2021 |language=en |date=28 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=10 Proven Health Benefits of Turmeric and Curcumin |url=https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/top-10-evidence-based-health-benefits-of-turmeric |website=Healthline |access-date=28 September 2021 |language=en |date=14 March 2021}}</ref> || ||  Curcumin is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound with a broad range of favourable biological functions, including anti-cancer, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.<ref>{{cite web |title=Curcumin - an overview {{!}} ScienceDirect Topics |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/curcumin |website=www.sciencedirect.com |access-date=25 October 2021}}</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
| 1911 || Product launch || || ". Beginning in 1911 and continuing until the outbreak of the Great War in 1914, Sandow’s cocoa was used by gym goers, the general public and even doctors to treat illnesses."<ref name="BarBend"/> ||
+
| 1911 || Industry || Milk formula || Nurse Laura Smith in {{w|Glasgow}} establishes [[w:Sister Lauras Food Supplement|Sister Laura's Infant Food Company]] to market a special milk formula of her own invention.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Weaver |first1=LT |title=Infant welfare, philanthropy and entrepreneurship in Glasgow: Sister Laura's Infant Food Company. |journal=The journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh |date=June 2008 |volume=38 |issue=2 |pages=179-86 |pmid=18831118}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}} ||
 
|-
 
|-
| 1912 || || || "In 1912, scientists began trying to resolve the issues and discovered that food contained more than three nutrients. Originally, these were called “accessory substances” which later changed to the term “vitamine” on scientific papers, which then again changed to the word we all know today, the vitamin."<ref name="Supplement Factory"/> ||
+
| 1911 || Industry || Protein drink || Sandow’s Health and Strength Cocoa is introduced. Similar to Plasmon, it is seen as a rudimentary protein drink. It used by gym goers, the general public and even doctors to treat illnesses, until the company's bankrupcy in 2016.<ref name="BarBend"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Old Time Selling - Eugen Sandow and the Business of Supplements |url=https://physicalculturestudy.com/2015/05/12/old-time-selling-eugen-sandow-and-the-business-of-supplements/ |website=Physical Culture Study |date=12 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Chapman |first1=David L. |title=Sandow the Magnificent: Eugen Sandow and the Beginnings of Bodybuilding |date=1994 |publisher=University of Illinois Press |isbn=978-0-252-02033-9 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=79QappH54EYC&pg=RA1-PA170&lpg=RA1-PA170&dq=Sandow+Cocoa&source=bl&ots=jmkXv9RLiH&sig=ACfU3U1yvVbzBIyfUxHVCR3O3euzqJF-kw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjS6syi75_zAhUilZUCHf_PANcQ6AF6BAgqEAM#v=onepage&q=Sandow%20Cocoa&f=false |language=en}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
| 1912 || Scientific development || {{w|Vitamin}} || " Casimir Funk, coined the term “vitamine” in a 1912 scientific paper, and the word later became “vitamin.” Funk, who is credited with discovering vitamins, proposed the idea that various diseases could be cured with nutrients and during the next few decades"<ref name="Physical Culture Study"/> "Catherine Price in her book ‘Vitamania: How Vitamins Revolutionized the Way We Think About Food’ revealed that mention of “vitamins” first appeared in print in June, 1912."<ref name="Physical Culture Study">{{cite web |title=Guest Post A Brief History of Dietary Supplements |url=https://physicalculturestudy.com/2018/02/20/guest-post-a-brief-history-of-dietary-supplements/ |website=Physical Culture Study |access-date=14 September 2021 |date=20 February 2018}}</ref> " In 1912, a Polish doctor, Casimir Funk, coined the term “vitamins” as essential factors in the diet. The term vitamin—first called “vitamine”—comes from “vital” and “amine,” because vitamins are required for life and they were originally thought to be amines—compounds derived from ammonia."<ref name="Natural Healers"/> ||
+
| 1912 || Scientific development || {{w|Vitamin}} || Scientists discover that food contains more than three nutrients. Originally, these are called “accessory substances” which later would change to the term “vitamine” on scientific papers.<ref name="Supplement Factory"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
| 1912 || || {{w|Vitamin}} || "In 1912, E.V. McCollum, a U.S. Department of Agriculture researcher at the University of Wisconsin, began using rats instead of humans in his experiments rather than cows and sheep. He found the first fat-soluble vitamin, Vitamin A, and discovered that rats were healthier when they were fed butter rather than lard, as butter contains more Vitamin A."<ref name="Natural Healers"/> || {{w|United States}}
+
| 1912 || Scientific development || {{w|Vitamin}} || Polish biochemist {{w|Casimir Funk}} coins the term “vitamine” in a scientific paper, as essential factors in the diet. The word later becomes “vitamin.” Funk, who is credited with discovering vitamins, proposes the idea that various diseases could be cured with nutrients and during the next few decades.<ref name="Physical Culture Study"/><ref name="Physical Culture Study">{{cite web |title=Guest Post A Brief History of Dietary Supplements |url=https://physicalculturestudy.com/2018/02/20/guest-post-a-brief-history-of-dietary-supplements/ |website=Physical Culture Study |access-date=14 September 2021 |date=20 February 2018}}</ref><ref name="Natural Healers"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
| 1913 || || {{w|Vitamin}} || " Casimir Funk in 1913 came up with idea of a “vital amine” in food, originating from the observation that the hulk of unprocessed rice protected chickens against a beriberi-like condition.5 This “vital amine” or vitamin was first isolated in 1926 and named thiamine"<ref name="Mozaffarian"/> ||
+
| 1916 || Industry || {{w|Vitamin}} || Mastin’s Yeast Vitamon Tablets are introduced by Francis B. Mastin. Containing all three known vitamins along with iron, calcium, and phosphorus, this is perhaps the first multiple vitamin-and-mineral tablet on the market.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vitamins Come to Dinner |url=https://www.sciencehistory.org/distillations/vitamins-come-to-dinner |website=Science History Institute |access-date=28 September 2021 |language=en |date=6 June 2012}}</ref><ref name="Supplement Factory"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
| 1916 || || {{w|Vitamin}} || " Mastin’s Yeast Vitamon Tablets, created in 1916, were a leading product of the day and likely most like today’s multi, with vitamins A, B, and C, iron, calcium, and Nux vomica, a homoeopathic remedy for heartburn. "<ref name="Supplement Factory"/> ||
+
| 1919 || Policy || {{w|Dietitian}}s || After {{w|World War I}}, the United States Public Health Service begins including dietitians in PHS Hospital staffs, to help monitor and improve the health of war veterans. Dietitians become increasingly involved in the nation’s health care system and beyond, into the private sector.<ref name="Natural Healers"/> || {{w|United States}} 
 
|-
 
|-
| 1919 || || || " In the United States, the Public Health Service began including dietitians in PHS Hospital staffs in 1919 after World War I, to help monitor and improve the health of World War I veterans, and became increasingly involved in the nation’s health care system and beyond, into the private sector."<ref name="Natural Healers"/> ||
+
| 1922 || Scientific development || {{w|Vitamin E}} || {{w|Vitamin E}} is first described by American anatomists {{w|Herbert McLean Evans}} and {{w|Katherine Bishop}}.<ref name="Hassan">{{cite journal |last1=Keen |first1=MohammadAbid |last2=Hassan |first2=Iffat |title=Vitamin E in dermatology |journal=Indian Dermatology Online Journal |date=2016 |volume=7 |issue=4 |pages=311 |doi=10.4103/2229-5178.185494}}</ref><ref name="What's Up, USANA?">{{cite web |title=The History and Discovery of Vitamins Through The Ages |url=https://whatsupusana.com/2017/04/vitamin-discovery/ |website=What's Up, USANA? |access-date=14 September 2021 |date=27 April 2017}}</ref> It is recognized as an essential nutrient for reproduction.<ref name="Valdezvvv">{{cite book |last1=Valdez |first1=Lindsey |title=Encyclopedia of Vitamins: New Research (4 Volume Set) |date=2019 |publisher=Nova Medicine & Health |isbn=978-1-5361-5693-5 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books/about/Encyclopedia_of_Vitamins.html?id=k80nxAEACAAJ&source=kp_book_description&redir_esc=y |language=en}}</ref> || {{w|United States}} || Vitamin E is an antioxidant with the power to reduce inflammation.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tocotrienols: Benefits, side effects, and risks |url=https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319689#what-are-tocotrienols |website=www.medicalnewstoday.com |access-date=27 September 2021 |language=en |date=14 October 2017}}</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
| 1922 || Product launch || || Poly Pop is introduced as ihe first juice-type powdered drink mix, invented by Paul Stevens Hollis.<ref>{{cite web |title=Poly Pop |url=https://blogs.library.unt.edu/yesterdays-news/2020/09/01/poly-pop/ |website=Yesterday's News |access-date=15 September 2021 |language=en |date=1 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=A Toast to the Ghost of Paul Hollis and “Good Old Poly Pop” {{!}} Hometown by Handlebar |url=https://hometownbyhandlebar.com/?p=8288 |website=hometownbyhandlebar.com |access-date=15 September 2021}}</ref> ||
+
| 1922 || Industry || {{w|Multivitamin}} || By this time, multivitamin-type products are advertised for relief from pimples, blackheads, boils, constipation, malnutrition, nervous deficiency, physical breakdown, brain fog, general debility, run-down conditions, to “loosen up the slime and accumulated bile and clean the system,” to improve energy and digestion, and help weak, malnourished people gain weight.<ref name="Supplement Factory"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
| 1922 || || || {{w|Vitamin E}} is first described  by Herbert M. Evans and Katherine Bishop.<ref name="Hassan">{{cite journal |last1=Keen |first1=MohammadAbid |last2=Hassan |first2=Iffat |title=Vitamin E in dermatology |journal=Indian Dermatology Online Journal |date=2016 |volume=7 |issue=4 |pages=311 |doi=10.4103/2229-5178.185494}}</ref><ref name="What's Up, USANA?"/> ||
+
| 1926 || Scientific development || [[W:vitamin B1|Vitamin B<sub>1</sub>]] || {{w|Thiamine}} becomes the first vitamin to be isolated and chemically defined, by Dutch chemist {{w|Barend Coenraad Petrus Jansen}}.<ref name="Physical Culture Study"/><ref name="Mozaffarian"/><ref name="What's Up, USANA?"/> || {{w|Netherlands}} || "Thiamine is a heat-labile and water-soluble essential vitamin, belonging to the vitamin B family, with antioxidant, erythropoietic, mood modulating, and glucose-regulating activities."<ref>{{cite web |title=vitamin B1 |url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Vitamin-B1#:~:text=Thiamine%20is%20a%20heat%2Dlabile,an%20active%20coenzyme%2C%20thiamine%20pyrophosphate. |website=pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov |access-date=20 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
| 1922 || || || ". In 1922, multivitamin-type products were advertised for relief from pimples, blackheads, boils, constipation, malnutrition, nervous deficiency, physical breakdown, brain fog, general debility, run-down conditions, to “loosen up the slime and accumulated bile and clean the system,” to improve energy and digestion, and help weak, malnourished people gain weight."<ref name="Supplement Factory"/> ||
+
| 1927 || Industry || {{w|Energy drink}} || [[w:Lucozade|Lucozade Energy]] is originally introduced by [[w:Newcastle-upon-Tyne|Newcastle]] pharmacist William Walker Hunter, as a hospital drink for "aiding the recovery." Later, in the early 1980s, it would be promoted as an energy drink for "replenishing lost energy."<ref>{{cite news|title=We did it first|url=http://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/business/news/10317055.We_did_it_first/|work=The Northern Echo|date=1 September 2021|access-date=30 September 2021|language=en}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 1926 || Scientific development || || " The first vitamin was isolated and chemically defined in 1926"<ref name="Physical Culture Study"/> "This “vital amine” or vitamin was first isolated in 1926 and named thiamine"<ref name="Mozaffarian"/> "Thiamin was isolated in 1926 by Barend Jansen and Willem Donath"<ref name="What's Up, USANA?"/> ||
+
| 1928–1932 || Scientific development || {{w|Vitamin C}} || Hungarian biochemist {{w|Albert Szent-Györgyi}} isolates {{w|Vitamin C}} and definitively documents, for the first time, this vitamin as a protection against {{w|scurvy}}.<ref name="Mozaffarian"/>.<ref name="What's Up, USANA?"/><ref name="supergreentonik.com"/> || {{w|Hungary}} || "Vitamin-C has different properties such as anti-aging, anti scurvy, antiviral and antibacterial, enhancing immunity, involved in detoxification process."<ref>{{cite journal |title=Vitamin-C: properties, function and application in cancer therapy |journal=Journal of Cancer Prevention & Current Research |date=11 December 2018 |volume=Volume 9 |issue=Issue 6 |doi=10.15406/jcpcr.2018.09.00378 |url=https://medcraveonline.com/JCPCR/vitamin-c-properties-function-and-application-in-cancer-therapy.html |language=English |issn=2373-633X}}</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
| 1928–1932 || Scientific development || Vitamin || Hungarian biochemist {{w|Albert Szent-Györgyi}} isolates {{w|Vitamin C}} and definitively documents, for the first time, this vitamin as a protection against {{w|scurvy}}.<ref name="Mozaffarian"/>.<ref name="What's Up, USANA?"/><ref name="supergreentonik.com"/> || {{w|Hungary}}
+
| 1929 || Scientific development || {{w|Vitamin K}} || Danish biochemist {{w|Carl Peter Henrik Dam}} discovers {{w|Vitamin K}} and its association with blood {{w|coagulation}}.<ref name="What's Up, USANA?"/> || {{w|Denmark}} || Vitamin K helps to make various proteins that are needed for blood clotting and the building of bones.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vitamin K |url=https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/vitamin-k/#:~:text=Vitamin%20K%20helps%20to%20make,to%20produce%20healthy%20bone%20tissue. |website=The Nutrition Source |access-date=27 September 2021 |language=en-us |date=18 September 2012}}</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
| 1929 || Scientific development || || Danish biochemist {{w|Carl Peter Henrik Dam}} discovers {{w|Vitamin K}} and its association with blood coagulation.<ref name="What's Up, USANA?"/> || {{w|Denmark}}
+
| 1933 || Scientific development || {{w|Vitamin C}} || British chemist {{w|Norman Haworth}} manages to deduce completely the chemical structure of {{w|Vitamin C}}.<ref name="What's Up, USANA?"/> is necessary for the growth, development and repair of all body tissues.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Zelman |first1=Kathleen M. |title=The Benefits of Vitamin C |url=https://www.webmd.com/diet/features/the-benefits-of-vitamin-c#1 |website=WebMD |access-date=27 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 1933 || || || "Vitamin C’s chemical structure was deduced completely in 1933 by Norman Haworth"<ref name="What's Up, USANA?"/>
+
| 1934 || Industry || Malted powder product || Australian {{w|industrial chemist}} and inventor Thomas Mayne develops [[w:Milo (drink)|Milo]], while working at {{w|Nestlé}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=https://www.nestle.com.au/en/aboutus/history |website=Nestlé |access-date=11 August 2021 |language=en}}</ref> Milo is a powder based drink of chocolate and malt.<ref>{{cite web |title=Is Drinking Milo As Healthy As You Think in 2019? |url=https://www.runsociety.com/food-nutrition/is-drinking-milo-as-healthy-as-you-think/ |website=RunSociety – Asia's Leading Online Running Magazine |access-date=20 December 2021}}</ref> || {{w|Australia}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 1934 || || Product launch || Australian {{w|industrial chemist}} and inventor Thomas Mayne develops [[w:Milo (drink)|Milo]] whoile working at {{w|Nestlé}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=https://www.nestle.com.au/en/aboutus/history |website=Nestlé |access-date=11 August 2021 |language=en}}</ref> || {{w|Australia}}
+
| 1934 || Industry || Vitamin, supplement || Vitamin and supplement company {{w|Nutrilite}} is founded by Carl Rehnborg.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Origins of Nutrilite: a Brand Ahead of Its Time |url=https://www.amway.com/en_US/amway-insider/amway-voice/our-world/the-origins-of-nutrilite |website=www.amway.com |access-date=15 September 2021}}</ref> Today, Nutrilite is a vitamin, mineral and dietary supplement brand.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nutrilite™ Malaysia |url=https://www.nutrilite.com.my/en |website=www.nutrilite.com.my |access-date=20 December 2021}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
|-
 
| 1934 || || Organization || Vitamin and supplement company {{w|Nutrilite}} is founded by Carl Rehnborg.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Origins of Nutrilite: a Brand Ahead of Its Time |url=https://www.amway.com/en_US/amway-insider/amway-voice/our-world/the-origins-of-nutrilite |website=www.amway.com |access-date=15 September 2021}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 1934 || Scientific development || {{w|Vitamin B}} || {{w|Vitamin B2}} (Riboflavin) is first isolated from egg whites.<ref name="What's Up, USANA?"/><ref name="ATP Science"/> ||
 
| 1934 || Scientific development || {{w|Vitamin B}} || {{w|Vitamin B2}} (Riboflavin) is first isolated from egg whites.<ref name="What's Up, USANA?"/><ref name="ATP Science"/> ||
Line 105: Line 114:
 
| 1936 || Scientific development || {{w|Vitamin B}} || German-Dutch Biochemist Fritz Kogl and his graduate student Benno Tonnis at Ultrecht University identify {{w|vitamin B7}} (biotin).<ref name="What's Up, USANA?"/> || {{w|Netherlands}}
 
| 1936 || Scientific development || {{w|Vitamin B}} || German-Dutch Biochemist Fritz Kogl and his graduate student Benno Tonnis at Ultrecht University identify {{w|vitamin B7}} (biotin).<ref name="What's Up, USANA?"/> || {{w|Netherlands}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 1936 || || || "Dietary flavonoids were first discovered by Nobel Prize laureate Albert Szent Gyorgyi in 1936, and they are widely recognized for their potential beneficial effects on human health."<ref name="Gupta"/>  
+
| 1936 || Scientific development || Dietary flavonoids || Dietary flavonoids are first discovered by {{w|Albert Szent-Györgyi}}. These would be widely recognized for their potential beneficial effects on human health.<ref name="Gupta"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
| 1936 || || || "The name of this vitamin was “thiamine”; however, since then, it has been synthesized to vitamin B1 in 1936. "<ref name="supergreentonik.com"/> ||
+
| 1936 || Scientific development || [[W:vitamin B1|Vitamin B<sub>1</sub>]] || {{w|Thiamine}} is synthesized to {{w|vitamin B1}}.<ref name="supergreentonik.com"/><ref name="Academic Pre">{{cite book |title=Guide to Nutritional Supplements |date=2 September 2009 |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-12-375661-9 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books/about/Guide_to_Nutritional_Supplements.html?id=_VjxiHvdlOQC&source=kp_book_description&redir_esc=y |language=en}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
| 1937 || || || "In 1937, clinical trials confirmed that niacin rapidly cured pellagra in people"<ref name="What's Up, USANA?"/> ||
+
| 1937 || Scientific development || [[W:vitamin B3|Vitamin B<sub>3</sub>]] || American biochemist {{w|Conrad Elvehjem}} identifies nicotinic acid in fresh meat and yeast. This compound, now known as {{w|niacin}}, is vitamin B<sub>3</sub>.<ref name="What's Up, USANA?"/> || {{w|United States}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 1937 || || {{w|Vitamin 3}} || American biochemist {{w|Conrad Elvehjem}} identifies nicotinic acid in fresh meat and yeast. This compound, now known as {{w|niacin}}, is vitamin B<sub>3</sub>.<ref name="What's Up, USANA?"/> || {{w|United States}}
+
| 1937 || Research || [[W:vitamin B3|Vitamin B<sub>3</sub>]] || Clinical trials confirm that {{w|niacin}} rapidly cures {{w|pellagra}} in people.<ref name="What's Up, USANA?"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
| 1938 || || || "In 1938, Popular Mechanics magazine noted the economic value of hemp, one mem�ber of the C. sativa taxon, as the new billion-dollar crop of the era"<ref name="Gupta"/>
+
| 1938 || Promotion || {{w|Hemp}} || {{w|Popular Mechanics}} magazine notes the economic value of {{w|hemp}}, one member of the ''{{w|Cannabis sativa}}'' taxon, as the "new billion-dollar crop of the era".<ref name="Gupta"/> Hemp seeds are considered to be very nutritious.<ref>{{cite web |title=6 Evidence-Based Health Benefits of Hemp Seeds |url=https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/6-health-benefits-of-hemp-seeds |website=Healthline |access-date=27 September 2021 |language=en |date=11 September 2018}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 1938 || || || Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) is isolated by Samuel Lepkovsky.<ref name="What's Up, USANA?"/> ||
+
| 1938 || Scientific development || [[W:vitamin B6|Vitamin B<sub>6</sub>]] || Vitamin B6 ({{w|Pyridoxine}}) is isolated by Samuel Lepkovsky.<ref name="What's Up, USANA?"/> || {{w|United States}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 1939 || || || "1939, Vitamin K was finally isolated by E.A. Doisy from hexane extracts".<ref name="What's Up, USANA?"/> ||
+
| 1939 || Scientific development || {{w|Vitamin K}} || Vitamin K is isolated by E.A. Doisy from hexane extracts.<ref name="What's Up, USANA?"/> || Vitamin K plays a role in blood clotting, bone metabolism, and regulating blood calcium levels.<ref>{{cite web |title=Vitamin K: Health benefits, daily intake, and sources |url=https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/219867#risks |website=www.medicalnewstoday.com |access-date=19 December 2021 |language=en |date=22 January 2018}}</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
| 1940 || || || "The discovery of Arthrospira was described by Sotiroudis. In 1940, a French physiologist named Dangeard had noted that the Kanembu people near Lake Chad consumed an algae cake called “dihé”, and these same algae populated a number of lakes in the Rift Valley of East Africa; it was the main food for the flamingos living around those lakes."<ref name="Gupta"/>
+
| 1941 || Program launch || National Nutrition Conference for Defense || In response to United States soldiers suffering disabilities from poor nutrition, President {{w|Franklin D. Roosevelt}} creates the National Nutrition Conference for Defense. From this, the first set of government-sponsored recommendation of daily allowances for six vitamins and two minerals is issued.<ref name="Supplement Factory"/> || {{w|United States}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 1941 || || || "As American men were called to serve during World War 2, a third were found to suffer from disabilities known to stem from poor nutrition. In response, President Franklin D. Roosevelt created the National Nutrition Conference for Defense in 1941. From this, the first set of government-sponsored recommended daily allowances for six vitamins and two minerals."<ref name="Supplement Factory"/> || {{w|United States}}
+
| 1941 || Scientific development || [[w:Vitamin B9|Vitamin B<sub>9</sub>]] || Vitamin B<sub>9</sub> ({{w|Folate}}) is extracted and isolated by Mitchell et al. from 4 tons of spinach.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Finglas |first1=Paul M. |last2=Wright |first2=Anthony J.A. |title=Folate bioavailability and health |journal=Phytochemistry Reviews |date=May 2002 |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=189–198 |doi=10.1023/A:1022559417212}}</ref><ref name="What's Up, USANA?"/> Folate is critical in the metabolism of nucleic acid precursors and several amino acids, as well as in methylation reactions.<ref>{{cite web |title=Folate |url=https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/vitamins/folate |website=Linus Pauling Institute |access-date=28 September 2021 |language=en |date=22 April 2014}}</ref> ||
|-
 
| 1941 || || || "Vitamin B9 (Folate) was extracted and isolated from 4 tons of spinach in 1941 by Mitchell et al. The name was derived from the Latin word Folium for leaf."<ref name="What's Up, USANA?"/> ||
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 1941 || Policy || {{w|Vitamin}} || By this time, vitamins A, B1, B2, B3, C, D, calcium & iron are considered to be essential in the United States.<ref name="Supplement Factory"/> ||  
 
| 1941 || Policy || {{w|Vitamin}} || By this time, vitamins A, B1, B2, B3, C, D, calcium & iron are considered to be essential in the United States.<ref name="Supplement Factory"/> ||  
 
|-
 
|-
| 1943 || Product launch || {{w|Vitamin}} || The first one-a-day multivitamin is introduced.<ref name="Supplement Factory"/> ||
+
| 1943 || Industry || {{w|Multivitamin}} || The first one-a-day multivitamin is introduced.<ref name="Supplement Factory"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 1948 || Scientific development || {{w|Vitamin B}} || {{w|Vitamin B12}} is isolated by two teams working independently in the United States and United Kingdom, from a substance in the {{w|liver}} named {{w|cobalamin}}.<ref name="What's Up, USANA?"/> || {{w|United States}}, {{W|United Kingdom}}
 
| 1948 || Scientific development || {{w|Vitamin B}} || {{w|Vitamin B12}} is isolated by two teams working independently in the United States and United Kingdom, from a substance in the {{w|liver}} named {{w|cobalamin}}.<ref name="What's Up, USANA?"/> || {{w|United States}}, {{W|United Kingdom}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 1950 || || || {{w|Geritol}} is introduced.<ref>{{cite web |title=Geritol |url=https://adage.com/article/adage-encyclopedia/geritol/98670 |website=Ad Age |access-date=11 September 2021 |language=en |date=15 September 2003}}</ref> ||
+
| 1950 || Industry || {{w|Geritol}} || {{w|Geritol}} is introduced as an alcohol-based, [[w:Human iron metabolism|iron]] and [[w:B vitamins|B vitamin]] tonic by Pharmaceuticals, Inc.<ref>{{cite web |title=J. B. Williams Company Records |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060129204143/http://www.lib.uconn.edu/online/research/speclib/ASC/findaids/JBWilliams/MSS19670001.html |website=web.archive.org |access-date=28 September 2021 |date=29 January 2006}}</ref> Today, it is a United States trademarked name for various dietary supplements.<ref>{{cite web |title=Geritol |url=https://adage.com/article/adage-encyclopedia/geritol/98670 |website=Ad Age |access-date=11 September 2021 |language=en |date=15 September 2003}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 1951 || Product launch || {{w|Bodybuilding supplement}} || Irving Johnson begins advertising his own Hi-Protein supplement in the pages of Hoffman’s Strength and Health magazine.<ref name="BarBend"/> It is arguably the first bodybuilding protein powder.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Merritt |first1=Greg |title=POTIONS: The Great Protein Craze of 1952 & the Birth of the Sports Supplement Biz |url=https://www.thebarbell.com/potions-the-great-protein-craze-of-1952-the-birth-of-the-sports-supplement-biz/ |website=The Barbell |access-date=16 September 2021 |language=en |date=11 June 2020}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
+
| 1951 || Industry || {{w|Bodybuilding supplement}} || Irving Johnson begins advertising his own Hi-Protein supplement in the pages of Hoffman’s Strength and Health magazine.<ref name="BarBend"/> It is arguably the first bodybuilding protein powder.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Merritt |first1=Greg |title=POTIONS: The Great Protein Craze of 1952 & the Birth of the Sports Supplement Biz |url=https://www.thebarbell.com/potions-the-great-protein-craze-of-1952-the-birth-of-the-sports-supplement-biz/ |website=The Barbell |access-date=16 September 2021 |language=en |date=11 June 2020}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 1952 || Policy || General || Japan introduces special nutritive foods into its policy, which consists in two categories: "foods that supply certain nutrients" and "foods that are suitable for a particular purpose".<ref name="Gupta"/> || {{w|Japan}}
 
| 1952 || Policy || General || Japan introduces special nutritive foods into its policy, which consists in two categories: "foods that supply certain nutrients" and "foods that are suitable for a particular purpose".<ref name="Gupta"/> || {{w|Japan}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 1952 || || || {{w|S-Adenosyl methionine}} "SAM-e was first discovered by {{w|Giulio Cantoni}} in 1952."<ref name=cantoni1952>{{cite journal | title=The Nature of the Active Methyl Donor Formed Enzymatically from <sub>L</sub>-Methionine and Adenosinetriphosphate | last=Cantoni | first = GL | journal=J Am Chem Soc | volume=74 | issue=11 | pages=2942–3 | year=1952 | doi=10.1021/ja01131a519 }}</ref>
+
| 1952 || Scientific development || {{w|S-Adenosyl methionine}} || Italian pharmacologist {{w|Giulio Cantoni}} first discovers {{w|S-Adenosyl methionine}} (SAM-e), an amino acid that is naturally produced by the body.<ref name=cantoni1952>{{cite journal | title=The Nature of the Active Methyl Donor Formed Enzymatically from <sub>L</sub>-Methionine and Adenosinetriphosphate | last=Cantoni | first = GL | journal=J Am Chem Soc | volume=74 | issue=11 | pages=2942–3 | year=1952 | doi=10.1021/ja01131a519 }}</ref> Since then, it is sold as a dietary supplement.<ref>{{cite web |title=S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine (SAMe): In Depth |url=https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/sadenosyllmethionine-same-in-depth |website=NCCIH |access-date=29 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=SAMe (S-Adenosyl Methionine) 400mg |url=https://www.naturestrove.com/same-s-adenosyl-methionine-400mg/ |website=Nature's Trove |access-date=29 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref> ||
 +
|-
 +
| 1957 || Scientific development || Coenzyme Q10 || Coenzyme Q10 is discovered by Dr. Frederick Crane and his team.<ref name="What's Up, USANA?"/> It  is an important vitamin-like substance required for the proper function of many organs and chemical reactions in the body.<ref>{{cite web |title=COENZYME Q10: Overview, Uses, Side Effects, Precautions, Interactions, Dosing and Reviews |url=https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-938/coenzyme-q10 |website=www.webmd.com |access-date=29 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref> ||
 +
|-
 +
| 1958 || Industry || {{w|Sports drink}} || {{w|Bengal Punch}} is introduced as a {{w|sports drink}} created for the {{w|Louisiana State University}} [[w:LSU Tigers football|football team]].<ref>{{cite web |title=A Goodbye From Cool Running! |url=https://www.active.com/running/articles/a-goodbye-from-cool-running |website=ACTIVE.com |access-date=26 September 2021 |language=en |date=12 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Benefits of Electrolytes in Sports Drinks |url=https://www.streetdirectory.com/food_editorials/beverages/beverages/the_benefits_of_electrolytes_in_sports_drinks.html |website=www.streetdirectory.com |access-date=26 September 2021}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 +
|-
 +
| 1963 || Scientific development || {{w|Thymoquinone}} || {{w|Thymoquinone}} (TQ) is first isolated by El-Dakhakhny from black seeds using thin-layer chromatography.<ref name="Gupta"/> With many properties, TQ is a major bioactive compound present in the black seeds of the Nigella sativa (NS) plant.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Jain |first1=Amul |last2=Dhruw |first2=Leena |last3=Sinha |first3=Priyank |last4=Pradhan |first4=Anchal |last5=Sharma |first5=Rahul |last6=Gupta |first6=Bhanushree |title=Thymoquinone |journal=Nutraceuticals |date=2021 |pages=891–901 |doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-821038-3.00052-5}}</ref> ||
 +
|-
 +
| 1965 || Industry || {{w|Sports drink}}, {{w|energy bar}}, [[w:Protein (nutrient)|protein drink]] || Sports-themed beverage and food {{w|Gatorade}} is introduced.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gatorade {{!}} G Series Sports Drinks for Energy, Hydration and Recovery |url=http://www.gatorade.com.mx/company/heritage |website=www.gatorade.com.mx |access-date=28 September 2021}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 +
|-
 +
| 1967 || General consensus || ''{{w|Arthrospira}}'' || ''{{w|Arthrospira}}'' is established as a “wonderful future food source” for the world. Because no microorganism fulfills its promise of being inexpensive protein, Arthrospira would continue to give rise to research and increasing production, reflecting its perceived nutritional assets.<ref name="Gupta"/> It has a high protein content (60%–70% of dry weight, depending on culture conditions) and is a rich source of vitamins, especially vitamin B<sub>12</sub> and provitamin A (β-carotene), minerals, especially iron, and is a natural source of γ-linolenic acid.<ref>{{cite web |title=Arthrospira - an overview {{!}} ScienceDirect Topics |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/arthrospira |website=www.sciencedirect.com |access-date=30 September 2021}}</ref> ||
 +
|-
 +
| 1968 || General consensus || Essential nutrient || By this time, vitamins A, B1, B2, B3, C, D, calcium & iron, E, B6, and B12 & magnesium are considered to be essential in the United States.<ref name="Supplement Factory"/> || {{w|United States}}
 +
|-
 +
| 1968 || General consensus || {{w|Choline}} || {{w|Choline}} is mentioned as an important nutrient in the 7th edition of the Recommended Dietary Allowances.<ref name="Nabavi"/> ||
 +
|-
 +
| 1969 || Industry || {{w|Vitamin}} ({{w|effervescent}}) || {{w|Berocca}} is first launched in Switzerland. It is a brand of {{w|effervescent}} drink and vitamin [[w:Tablet (pharmacy)|tablets]] containing {{w|B vitamins}} and {{w|vitamin C}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=The evidence supporting Berocca |url=https://www.berocca.com.au/life-energy/evidence-supporting-berocca |website=Berocca Australia |access-date=16 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref> || {{w|Switzerland}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 1957 || || || "Coenzyme Q10 was discovered in 1957 by Dr. Frederick Crane and his team."<ref name="What's Up, USANA?"/> ||
+
| 1971 || Industry || Dietary supplement || {{w|California}}–based dietary supplements company {{w|Pharmavite}} is founded.<ref>{{cite web |title=Who We Are |url=https://www.pharmavite.com/who-we-are/ |website=Pharmavite |access-date=26 September 2021}}</ref> Its "Nature Made" vitamin brand is launched in the following year.<ref name="outlook">{{cite journal |title=2001 Manufacturer of the Year |publisher=Nutritional Outlook |author=Jim Wagner |date=November–December 2001}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 1958 || || || "the FD&C Act defined food addi�tives and provided that they must undergo a premarket approval process unless they were considered to be gen�erally recognized as safe (GRAS)."<ref name="Gupta"/>
+
| 1973 || Industry || Ready-to-drink shake || {{w|Ensure}} is introduced by {{w|Abbott Laboratories}} as its first ready-to-drink shake. Ensure would later become the name of the company's line of {{w|nutritional supplement}}s and {{w|meal replacement}}s.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ensure vs. Boost: Which Is Healthier? |url=https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/ensure-vs-boost#bottom-line |website=Healthline |access-date=27 September 2021 |language=en |date=26 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ensure® Nutrition History {{!}} Abbott Ensure® Story |url=https://ensure.com/ensure-story |website=ensure.com |access-date=26 September 2021}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 1958 || || || {{w|Bengal Punch}} is introduced. ||
+
| 1973 || Policy || Standard of identity || The United States {{w|FDA}} issues regulations that prohibit certain representations on vitamin and mineral supplement labels, establishing standards of identity for vitamin and mineral supplements, and establishing that preparations containing more than 150 percent of the U.S. Recommended Daily Allowance (U.S. RDA) per serving are drugs.<ref name="Supplements"/> || {{w|United States}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 1963 || || || "TQ was first isolated in 1963 by El-Dakhakhny (1963) from black seeds using thin-layer chromatography."<ref name="Gupta"/>
+
| 1973 || Industry || {{w|Vitamin}} || United States health & wellness company MegaFood is founded, and starts making vitamins from real food. Others begin using plant-based ingredients rather than synthetic ingredients and artificial additives.<ref name="Supplement Factory"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Our Difference {{!}} MegaFood |url=https://www.megafood.com/our-difference/ |website=www.megafood.com |access-date=28 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 1964–1965 || || || "During 1964–1965, a botanist named Jean Léonard reported edible cakes, “dihé,” being sold in native markets of Fort Lamy (now N’Djamena) in Chad. When Léonard rediscovered Arthrospira in Africa, the first systematic and detailed study of the growth requirements and physiology of Arthrospira was performed by Zarrouk, which was the basis for establishing the first large-scale production plant of spirulina."<ref name="Gupta"/>
+
| 1975 || Industry || {{w|Sports drink}} || {{w|Sqwincher}} is introduced.<ref>{{cite web |title=About |url=https://www.sqwincher.com/about |website=Sqwincher - Hydration That Works |access-date=27 September 2021}}</ref> It is an electrolyte supplement containing {{w|sodium}}, {{w|potassium}}, and {{w|Vitamin C}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gatorade VS Sqwincher - Hydration Depot |url=https://www.hydrationdepot.com/gatorade-vs-sqwincher.html |website=www.hydrationdepot.com |access-date=27 September 2021}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 1965 || Brand launch || {{w|Sports drink}}, {{w|energy bar}}, [[w:Protein (nutrient)|protein drink]] || Sports-themed beverage and food {{w|Gatorade}} is introduced. || {{w|United States}}
+
| 1977 || Industry || {{w|Sports drink}} || {{w|Isostar}} is first intriduced in Switzerland as an isotonic sports drink designed especially for athletes.<ref>{{cite web |title=Isostar – produced by Wander {{!}} Drupal |url=https://www.wander.ch/en/brands/isostar |website=www.wander.ch |access-date=27 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref> || {{w|Switzerland}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 1967 || || || "In 1967, Arthrospira was established as a “wonderful future food source” for the world. Because no microorganism fulfilled its promise of being inex�pensive protein, Arthrospira continued to give rise to research and increasing production, reflecting its per�ceived nutritional assets."<ref name="Gupta"/>
+
| 1977 || Industry || Diet shake || {{w|SlimFast}} is founded and launches its original line of diet shakes. Today, the SlimFast diet is a weight loss plan centered on meal-replacement shakes and snack bars formulated by the company.<ref>{{cite web |title=What Is the SlimFast Diet? |url=https://www.verywellfit.com/slimfast-diet-plan-pros-and-cons-4126520 |website=Verywell Fit |access-date=27 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
| 1968 || || || By this time, vitamins A, B1, B2, B3, C, D, calcium & iron, E, B6, and B12 & magnesium are considered to be essential in the United States.<ref name="Supplement Factory"/> ||
+
| 1978 || Industry || {{w|Multivitamin}} ({{w|drink mix}}) || The {{w|Emergen-C}} product line is introduced.<ref>{{cite web |title=Alacer Corp. |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121211043735/http://emergenc.com/index.php/misc/alacer |website=web.archive.org |access-date=11 August 2021 |date=11 December 2012}}</ref> It is a nutritional supplement that contains vitamin C and other nutrients designed to boost the immune system and increase energy.<ref>{{cite web |title=Does Emergen-C Really Work? |url=https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/emergen-c |website=Healthline |access-date=30 September 2021 |language=en |date=20 October 2018}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 1969 || || || {{w|Amylomaize}} "The food that the first American [[astronaut]]s used on [[Project Apollo|Apollo]] flights from 1969 to 1972 were coated with amylomaize film,<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=It's a Race to the Moon |url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/86870407/ |work=Decatur Herald |location=Decatur, Illinois |date=July 20, 1969 |access-date=2017-09-23}}</ref> so that no crumbs would float around in the space capsule."
+
| 1980 || Industry || {{w|Dietary supplement}} || {{w|Herbalife Nutrition}} is founded by {{w|Mark R. Hughes}}. Today, it is a global {{w|multi-level marketing}} (MLM) corporation that develops and sells {{w|dietary supplements}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Herbalife - India - Our History 1980 to 1989 |url=https://company.herbalife.co.in/our-history/the-first-decade |website=company.herbalife.co.in |access-date=27 September 2021}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 1969 || Product introduction || {{w|Vitamin}} || {{w|Berocca}} is first launched in Switzerland. It is a brand of {{w|effervescent}} drink and vitamin [[w:Tablet (pharmacy)|tablets]] containing {{w|B vitamins}} and {{w|vitamin C}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=The evidence supporting Berocca |url=https://www.berocca.com.au/life-energy/evidence-supporting-berocca |website=Berocca Australia |access-date=16 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref> || {{w|Switzerland}}
+
| 1980 || Industry || Health drink || {{w|Pocari Sweat}} launches in {{w|Japan}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Story of POCARI SWEAT |url=https://www.otsuka.co.jp/en/nutraceutical/about/rehydration/ionsupply/pocarisweat/ |website=Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. |access-date=27 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref> It is a health drink that contains a balance of ions (electrolytes) that resembles the natural fluid balance in the human body. || {{w|Japan}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 1971 || || || {{w|Pharmavite}} is founded. ||
+
| 1983 || Industry || {{w|Energy bar}} || {{w|CalorieMate}} is introduced in Japan, and launches its first {{w|nutrition}}al {{w|energy bar}}. Produced by {{w|Otsuka Pharmaceutical}}, the brand would later expand offering {{w|energy gel}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=POCARI SWEAT |url=https://www.otsuka.co.jp/en/nutraceutical/products/pocarisweat/ |website=Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. |access-date=27 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref> || {{w|Japan}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 1973 || || || {{w|Ensure}} is introduced. ||
+
| 1983 || Industry || {{w|Microalgae}} || {{w|Cyanotech}} is founded.<ref>{{cite web |title=Our History – Cyanotech |url=https://www.cyanotech.com/our-history/ |website=cyanotech.com |access-date=27 September 2021}}</ref> It is a micro-algae producing company leasing land in the Natural Energy Lab of Hawaii on the Kona Coast of the island of Hawaii. The company produces  {{w|Astaxanthin}} and Hawaiian [[w:Spirulina (dietary supplement)|Spirulina]] Pacifica.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cyanotech – Whole Health through Hawaiian microalgae |url=https://www.cyanotech.com/ |website=cyanotech.com |access-date=27 September 2021}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 1973 || || || "In 1973 FDA issued regulations that prohibited certain representations on vitamin and mineral supplement labels, established standards of identity for vitamin and mineral supplements, and established that preparations containing more than 150 percent of the U.S. Recommended Daily Allowance (U.S. RDA) per serving were drugs (FDA, 1973)."<ref name="Supplements"/> ||
+
| 1984 || Concept development || Functional food || The Japanese academia proposes the concept of functional food<ref name="Gupta"/>, which would develop as a convenient and inexpensive solution to chronic health problems, and would become influential in numerous branches of science and policy.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Martirosyan |first1=Danik M |last2=Singh |first2=Jaishree |title=A new definition of functional food by FFC: what makes a new definition unique? |journal=Functional Foods in Health and Disease |date=1 July 2015 |volume=5 |issue=6 |pages=209 |doi=10.31989/ffhd.v5i6.183 |url=}}</ref> || {{w|Japan}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 1973 || || || "In 1973, a company called MegaFood started making vitamins from real food and others began using plant-based ingredients rather than synthetic ingredients and artificial additives."<ref name="Supplement Factory"/> ||  
+
| 1985 || Industry || {{w|Atmit}} || The LDS Church begins producing {{w|Atmit}}, a specific formula for malnourished children and others who cannot digest regular food. ATMIT, taken from the Ethiopian word for "nourishing porridge," consists of oat flour, powdered milk and sugar, is fortified with vitamins and minerals.<ref>{{cite web |title=Catholic Relief Services recognizes Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints with Deus Caritas Est Award - Intermountain Catholic |url=http://icatholic.dioslc.org/article/catholic-relief-services-recognizes-church-of-jesus-5673287 |website=icatholic.dioslc.org |access-date=12 April 2021}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
| 1975 || Product launch || {{w|Sports drink}} || {{w|Sqwincher}} is introduced. || {{w|United States}}
+
| 1985 || Scientific development || Alpha-tocopherol || Handelman et al. discover that supplementation with alpha-tocopherol, reduces the plasma concentration of gamma-tocopherol, which would later show its superiority over alpha-tocopherol when detoxifying nitrogen dioxide.<ref name="Valdezvvv"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
| 1977 || || {{w|Sports drink}} || {{w|Algas Calcareas}} ||
+
| 1986 || Industry || {{w|Energy gel}} || Sports {{w|energy gel}}s emerge in the United Kingdom as a "convenient, prewrapped, portable" way to deliver [[w:Carbohydrate metabolism|carbohydrates]] during endurance events. || {{w|United Kingdom}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 1977 || || || {{w|Isostar}} is intriduced. || {{w|Switzerland}}
+
| 1988 || Industry || {{w|Soft drink}} || {{w|Fibe Mini}} is launched.<ref>{{cite web |title=Production and Sales of Fibe-Mini Begin in Indonesia|News Releases |url=https://www.otsuka.co.jp/en/company/newsreleases/2021/20210802_1.html#:~:text=Fibe%2DMini%20was%20launched%20in,an%20entirely%20new%20product%20category. |website=Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. |access-date=13 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref> It is a Japanese soft drink with added {{w|dietary fiber}} produced by {{w|Otsuka Pharmaceutical}}.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kondo |first1=Takaharu |last2=Nakae |first2=Yasuyuki |title=Breath hydrogen and methane excretion produced by commercial beverages containing dietary fiber |journal=Journal of Gastroenterology |date=October 1996 |volume=31 |issue=5 |pages=654–658 |doi=10.1007/BF02347612}}</ref> || {{w|Japan}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 1977 || || || {{w|SlimFast}} is introduced. ||
+
| 1988 || Industry || {{w|Sports drink}} || {{w|Powerade}} is first introduced in the United States. It is commonly used by many athletes for the {{w|electrolyte}}s and {{w|carbohydrate}}s their body need to perform well and keep their body hydrated at the same time.<ref>{{cite web |title=www.ChemistryIsLife.com - The Chemistry of Powerade |url=https://www.chemistryislife.com/the-chemistry-of-powerade |website=www.chemistryislife.com |access-date=13 September 2021}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 1978 || || || The {{w|Emergen-C}} product line is introduced.<ref>{{cite web |title=Alacer Corp. |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121211043735/http://emergenc.com/index.php/misc/alacer |website=web.archive.org |access-date=11 August 2021 |date=11 December 2012}}</ref> ||  
+
| 1989 || Industry || {{w|AHCC}} || Amino Up Chemical Co. and Dr. Toshihiko Okamoto at the {{w|University of Tokyo}} develop {{w|AHCC}}, the brand name of an alpha-{{w|glucan}} rich {{w|nutritional supplement}} produced from the ''{{w|mycelia}}''  of shiitake (''{{w|Lentinula edodes}}'') of the basidiomycete family of {{w|mushrooms}}.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Clinician's Guide to AHCC |author=Anil D. Kulkarni |author2=Philip Calder |author3=Toshinori Ito |year=2016|isbn=978-4-9909264-1-0}}</ref> AHCC helps boost immunity.<ref>{{cite web |title=What Is AHCC? |url=https://www.verywellhealth.com/the-benefits-of-ahcc-89399 |website=Verywell Health |access-date=29 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref> It also has measurable anti-inflammatory properties.<ref>{{cite web |title=AHCC {{!}} ICNIM|AHCC Research Association |url=https://icnim.jpn.org/en/ahcc/ |website=icnim.jpn.org |access-date=29 September 2021 |date=18 September 2018}}</ref> || {{w|Japan}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 1980 || || || {{w|Herbalife Nutrition}} is founded. || {{w|United States}}
+
| 1989 || Concept development || {{w|Nutraceutical}} || American researcher Stephen DeFelice coins the term ''nutraceutical'' from the words nutrition and pharmaceutical and defines it as “a food (or part of a food) that provides medical or health benefits, including the prevention and/or treatment of a disease.”.<ref name="Gupta">{{cite book |last1=Gupta |first1=Ramesh C. |title=Nutraceuticals: Efficacy, Safety and Toxicity |date=28 January 2016 |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-12-802165-1 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books/about/Nutraceuticals.html?id=tfJeBwAAQBAJ&source=kp_book_description&redir_esc=y |language=en}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 1980 || || || {{w|Pocari Sweat}} launches. || {{w|Japan}}
+
| 1989 || {{w|Adverse effect}} || {{w|Tryptophan}} || Widespread reports during this time state that some L-tryptophan supplements are associated with {{w|eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome}}.<ref name="Supplements"/> {{w|Tryptophan}} is an essential amino acid that is necessary for making proteins.<ref>{{cite web |title=L-TRYPTOPHAN: Overview, Uses, Side Effects, Precautions, Interactions, Dosing and Reviews |url=https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-326/l-tryptophan |website=www.webmd.com |access-date=29 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
| 1983 || Product launch || || {{w|CalorieMate}} is introduced in Japan. || {{w|Japan}}
+
| 1990 || Industry || {{w|Dietary supplement}} || Dietary supplement [[w:Beano (dietary supplement)|Beano]] is developed by Alan Kligerman of AkPharma Inc. after research into gas-causing vegetables.<ref>{{cite web |title=Beano_(dietary_supplement) |url=https://www.chemeurope.com/en/encyclopedia/Beano_%28dietary_supplement%29.html |website=www.chemeurope.com |access-date=15 September 2021}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
| 1983 || || || {{w|Cyanotech}} is founded. ||
+
| 1990 || Policy || Labeling || The {{w|United States Congress}} introduces the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act (NLEA) to address the increase of unsubstantiated claims of disease cure and erroneous advice despite medical and scientific knowledge of effects of certain substances on the human body.<ref name="Nutrition Supplement -">{{cite web |title=Nutrition Supplement - an overview {{!}} ScienceDirect Topics |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/nutrition-supplement |website=www.sciencedirect.com |access-date=14 September 2021}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 1984 || || || The Japanese academia proposes the concept of functional foods.<ref name="Gupta"/> || {{w|Japan}}
+
| 1991 || Policy || General || The Food for Specified Health Uses (FoSHU) system is created in Japan by the {{w|Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare}} with the purpose to encompass functional foods.<ref name="Gupta"/> FOSHU refers to foods containing ingredient with functions for health and officially approved to claim its physiological effects on the human body.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare: Food with Health Claims, Food for Special Dietary Uses, and Nutrition Labeling |url=https://www.mhlw.go.jp/english/topics/foodsafety/fhc/02.html |website=www.mhlw.go.jp |access-date=18 September 2021}}</ref> || {{w|Japan}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 1985 || || Product launch || "Begun in 1985, the LDS Church began producing {{w|ATMIT}}, a specific formula for malnourished children and others who cannot digest regular food. ATMIT, taken from the Ethiopian word for "nourishing porridge," consists of oat flour, powdered milk and sugar, is fortified with vitamins and minerals. "<ref>{{cite web |title=Catholic Relief Services recognizes Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints with Deus Caritas Est Award - Intermountain Catholic |url=http://icatholic.dioslc.org/article/catholic-relief-services-recognizes-church-of-jesus-5673287 |website=icatholic.dioslc.org |access-date=12 April 2021}}</ref>
+
| 1992 || Industry || {{w|Energy bar}} || The {{w|Balance Bar}} is introduced. It is the {{w|brand name}} of a nutritional {{w|energy bar}} based on the 40-30-30 dietary principle, that is, a diet containing 40% carbohydrate, 30% protein and 30% dietary fat.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Elliott |first1=Stuart |title=Balance Bar’s New Owner Starts a Brand Campaign |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/20/business/media/campaign-seeks-to-strike-the-right-balance.html |website=The New York Times |date=20 May 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=History of Balance Bar Company – FundingUniverse |url=http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/balance-bar-company-history/ |website=www.fundinguniverse.com |access-date=5 May 2021}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 1986 || || || Sports {{w|energy gel}}s emerge in the United Kingdom as a "convenient, prewrapped, portable" way to deliver [[w:Carbohydrate metabolism|carbohydrates]] during endurance events. || {{w|United Kingdom}}
+
| 1992 || Scientific development || {{w|Amino acid}} || Roger Harris and his colleagues discover that exogenous {{w|creatine}} administration enhances muscle and phosphocreatine content. Since then, creatine has becomes the most popular dietary supplement in the field of sport and exercise physiology.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Negro |first1=Massimo |last2=Avanzato |first2=Ilaria |last3=D’Antona |first3=Giuseppe |title=Creatine in Skeletal Muscle Physiology |journal=Nonvitamin and Nonmineral Nutritional Supplements |date=2019 |pages=59–68 |doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-812491-8.00008-4}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Miller |first1=Norman S. |title=Principles of Addictions and the Law: Applications in Forensic, Mental Health, and Medical Practice |date=30 January 2010 |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-08-092476-2 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=yp01q_pEnEAC&pg=PA310&lpg=PA310&dq=%22nutritional+supplement%22+%22introduced+in+1990..2000%22&source=bl&ots=VWb88BvcLB&sig=ACfU3U01GUnC1tWXWAFFwZspeUSlfDs0Tw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi9_su7hKXyAhVzppUCHf36De0Q6AF6BAgmEAM#v=onepage&q=%22nutritional%20supplement%22%20%22introduced%20in%201990..2000%22&f=false |language=en}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
| 1988 || || || {{w|Fibe Mini}} is launched.<ref>{{cite web |title=Production and Sales of Fibe-Mini Begin in Indonesia|News Releases |url=https://www.otsuka.co.jp/en/company/newsreleases/2021/20210802_1.html#:~:text=Fibe%2DMini%20was%20launched%20in,an%20entirely%20new%20product%20category. |website=Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. |access-date=13 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref> || {{w|Japan}}
+
| 1992 || {{w|Adverse effect}} || {{w|Herbal remedies}} ({{w|Chinese herbology}}) || An outbreak of rapidly progressive renal {{w|fibrosis}} in Belgium involves at least 100 patients who were undergoing a weight-loss regimen that included the use of aristolochic acid-containing Chinese herbs. Approximately half of these patients end up requiring renal replacement therapy.<ref name="Gupta"/> || {{w|Belgium}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 1988 || || {{w|Sports drink}} || {{w|Powerade}} is first introduced in the United States. It is commonly used by many athletes for the electrolytes and carbohydrates their body need to perform well and keep their body hydrated at the same time.<ref>{{cite web |title=www.ChemistryIsLife.com - The Chemistry of Powerade |url=https://www.chemistryislife.com/the-chemistry-of-powerade |website=www.chemistryislife.com |access-date=13 September 2021}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
+
| 1992 || Industry || {{w|Nutrition bar}} || {{w|Clif Bar}} is founded.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Clif Bar & Company Story |url=https://www.clifbar.com/stories/the-clif-bar-and-company-story |website=Clifbar |access-date=15 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref> Its flagship product, the Clif bar, is a soft and chewy energy bar made with wholesome organic rolled oats.<ref>{{cite web |title=Amazon.com: CLIF BARS - Energy Bars - Best Sellers Variety Pack- Made with Organic Oats - Plant Based - Vegetarian Food- Care Package - Kosher (2.4 Ounce Protein Bars, 16 Count) Packaging & Assortment May Vary : Everything Else |url=https://www.amazon.com/CLIF-BAR-Energy-Variety-Protein/dp/B07D83162X |website=www.amazon.com |access-date=15 September 2021}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 1989 || || Product launch || "{{w|AHCC}} was developed by Amino Up Chemical Co., LTD. and Dr. Toshihiko Okamoto (School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, {{w|University of Tokyo}})  in 1989."<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Clinician's Guide to AHCC |author=Anil D. Kulkarni |author2=Philip Calder |author3=Toshinori Ito |year=2016|isbn=978-4-9909264-1-0}}</ref> ||  
+
| 1993 || Industry || Fruit and vegetable juice extracts || {{w|Juice Plus}} is introduced by {{w|San Marcos, California}}–based {{w|Natural Alternatives International}}. It is a {{w|brand}}ed line of {{w|dietary supplement}}s containing concentrated {{w|fruit}} and {{w|vegetable}} juice extracts fortified with added vitamins and nutrients.<ref>{{cite web |title=INSPIRING HEALTHY LIVING AROUND THE WORLD |url=https://www.juiceplus.com/content/JuicePlus/en/about-us/juiceplus-story.html |website=juiceplus.com |access-date=15 September 2021}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 1989 || || || "Dr. Stephen DeFelice coined the term “nutraceutical” from the words nutrition and pharmaceutical and defined it as “a food (or part of a food) that provides medical or health benefits, including the prevention and/or treatment of a disease.”"<ref name="Gupta">{{cite book |last1=Gupta |first1=Ramesh C. |title=Nutraceuticals: Efficacy, Safety and Toxicity |date=28 January 2016 |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-12-802165-1 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books/about/Nutraceuticals.html?id=tfJeBwAAQBAJ&source=kp_book_description&redir_esc=y |language=en}}</ref> ||
+
| 1994 || Industry || {{w|Energy gel}} || {{w|GU Energy Labs}} is founded.<ref>{{cite web |title=About: GU Energy Labs |url=https://dbpedia.org/page/GU_Energy_Labs |website=dbpedia.org |access-date=14 September 2021}}</ref> Based in {{w|Berkeley, California}}, it produces performance sports nutrition products, most notably {{w|energy gel}}s. || {{w|United States}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 1989 || || || "there were widespread reports that some L-tryptophan supplements were associated with eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome"<ref name="Supplements"/> ||
+
| 1994 || Policy || Dietary supplement || The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act is passed into law in the {{w|United States}}. The term ''dietary supplement'' is formally defined as a product (other than tobacco) intended to supplement the diet to enhance health that bears or contains one or more of the following dietary ingredients: a vitamin; a mineral; an amino acid; an herb or other botanical; a dietary substance for use to supplement the diet by increasing the total dietary intake; or a concentrate, metabolite, constituent, extract, or combination of any ingredient described in this list. "Dietary supplements are further defined as products that are labeled as dietary supplements and are intended for ingestion in the form of a capsule, powder, soft gel, or gel cap, and not represented as a conventional food or as a sole item of a meal or the diet."<ref name="Gupta"/><ref name="Stratum Nutrition"/> This Act provides that consumers have the right to know all dietary information contained in any food supplements before they purchase it.<ref name="Physical Culture Study"/> || {{w|United States}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 1990 || Product launch || {{w|Dietary supplement}} || Dietary supplement [[w:Beano (dietary supplement)|Beano]] is developed by Alan Kligerman of AkPharma Inc. after research into gas-causing vegetables.<ref>{{cite web |title=Beano_(dietary_supplement) |url=https://www.chemeurope.com/en/encyclopedia/Beano_%28dietary_supplement%29.html |website=www.chemeurope.com |access-date=15 September 2021}}</ref> ||
+
| 1994 || Concept development || Medical nutrition therapy || The concept of Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) is introduced by the American Dietetic Association.<ref>{{cite web |title=Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) |url=http://www.signutra.com/nutripedia/medical-nutrition-therapy/ |website=Nutripedia |access-date=9 August 2021 |date=17 October 2017}}</ref> MNT refers to the therapeutic approach to treating medical conditions and their associated symptoms with specific diets, monitored by trained medical professionals.<ref>{{cite web |title=Can Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) Change Your Life? - Dietitians at Home |url=https://www.dietitiansathome.com/post/medical-nutrition-therapy#:~:text=Medical%20Nutrition%20Therapy%20is%20a,monitored%20by%20trained%20medical%20professionals. |website=www.dietitiansathome.com |access-date=20 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 1990 || || || "In 1990, Congress introduced the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act (NLEA) of 1990 to address the increase of unsubstantiated claims of disease cure and erroneous advice despite medical and scientific knowledge of effects of certain substances on the human body."<ref name="Nutrition Supplement -">{{cite web |title=Nutrition Supplement - an overview {{!}} ScienceDirect Topics |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/nutrition-supplement |website=www.sciencedirect.com |access-date=14 September 2021}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
+
| 1994 || Industry || Milk formula || {{w|Action Against Hunger}} / {{w|Action Contre la Faim}} (ACF) pioneers the use of milk formula F-100 for the treatment of {{w|severe acute malnutrition}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=F-100_(food) |url=https://www.chemeurope.com/en/encyclopedia/F-100_%28food%29.html |website=www.chemeurope.com |access-date=11 October 2021}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
| 1991 || Policy || General || The Food for Specified Health Uses (FoSHU) system is created in Japan by the {{w|Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare}} with the purpose to encompass functional foods.<ref name="Gupta"/> FOSHU refers to foods containing ingredient with functions for health and officially approved to claim its physiological effects on the human body.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare: Food with Health Claims, Food for Special Dietary Uses, and Nutrition Labeling |url=https://www.mhlw.go.jp/english/topics/foodsafety/fhc/02.html |website=www.mhlw.go.jp |access-date=18 September 2021}}</ref> || {{w|Japan}}
+
| 1994–2001 || Market trend || Herbal products || The demand for herbal products worldwide increases at an annual rate of 8% in this period. However, this growth would slow in subsequent years.<ref name="Academic Pre"/> || Worldwide ||
 +
|-
 +
| 1995 || Industry || {{w|Weight loss}}/{{w|nutrition}} supplements || Canadian weight loss and nutrition company {{w|Herbal Magic}} is founded.<ref>{{cite web |title=Herbal Magic - Overview, News & Competitors {{!}} ZoomInfo.com |url=https://www.zoominfo.com/c/herbal-magic-corp/23381076 |website=ZoomInfo |access-date=11 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref> || {{w|Canada}}
 +
|-
 +
| 1996 || Policy || Labeling  || Japan introduces its nutrition labeling standards system.<ref name="Gupta"/> || {{w|Japan}}
 +
|-
 +
| 1997–2003 || Market trend || Multivitamin/mineral preparations || Sales of multivitamin/mineral preparations in the United States increase from US$2.64 billion in 1997 to US$3.68 billion in 2003.<ref name="Academic Pre"/> || {{w|United States}}
 +
|-
 +
| 1998 || Scientific development  || {{w|Medicinal plants}} || The United States {{w|National Toxicology Program}} (NTP) holds an international workshop to evaluate research needs for the use and safety of medicinal herbs.<ref name="Gupta"/> || {{w|United States}}
 +
|-
 +
| 1998 || Industry || {{w|Sports nutrition}} || {{w|CytoSport}} is founded. Based in {{w|Benicia, California}}, it manufactures sports-oriented nutritional products.<ref>{{cite web |title=CytoSport® To Be Acquired By Hormel Foods Corporation |url=https://investor.hormelfoods.com/news-events/press-releases/news-details/2014/CytoSport-To-Be-Acquired-By-Hormel-Foods-Corporation/default.aspx |website=investor.hormelfoods.com |access-date=14 September 2021}}</ref> ||
 +
|-
 +
| 1998 || Policy || New resource foods || The {{w|Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China}} announces a category of food source called “new resource foods” (NRF), which includes purified ingredients or extracts of plants or animals that can be added to foods.<ref name="Gupta"/> || {{w|China}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 1992 || Product launch || {{w|Energy bar}} || The {{w|Balance Bar}} is introduced.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Elliott |first1=Stuart |title=Balance Bar’s New Owner Starts a Brand Campaign |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/20/business/media/campaign-seeks-to-strike-the-right-balance.html |website=The New York Times |date=20 May 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=History of Balance Bar Company – FundingUniverse |url=http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/balance-bar-company-history/ |website=www.fundinguniverse.com |access-date=5 May 2021}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
+
| 1998 || Promotion || ''{{w|Ginkgo biloba}}'' || ''{{w|Ginkgo biloba}}'' leaf extract is nominated by the {{w|National Cancer Institute}} to the {{w|National Toxicology Program}} for a 2-year chronic carcinogenicity bioassay, due to ginkgo being a welldefined product and for it or its active ingredients having demonstrated biological activities.<ref name="Gupta"/> Today, ''Ginkgo biloba'' is used to improve or stabilize mental function, improve memory, and to improve cerebral and peripheral disease.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ginkgo Biloba - an overview {{!}} ScienceDirect Topics |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/pharmacology-toxicology-and-pharmaceutical-science/ginkgo-biloba |website=www.sciencedirect.com |access-date=29 September 2021}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 1992 || Scientific development || {{w|Amino acid}} || Roger Harris and his colleagues discover that exogenous {{w|creatine}} administration enhances muscle and phosphocreatine content. Since then, creatine has becomes the most popular dietary supplement in the field of sport and exercise physiology.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Negro |first1=Massimo |last2=Avanzato |first2=Ilaria |last3=D’Antona |first3=Giuseppe |title=Creatine in Skeletal Muscle Physiology |journal=Nonvitamin and Nonmineral Nutritional Supplements |date=2019 |pages=59–68 |doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-812491-8.00008-4}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Miller |first1=Norman S. |title=Principles of Addictions and the Law: Applications in Forensic, Mental Health, and Medical Practice |date=30 January 2010 |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-08-092476-2 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=yp01q_pEnEAC&pg=PA310&lpg=PA310&dq=%22nutritional+supplement%22+%22introduced+in+1990..2000%22&source=bl&ots=VWb88BvcLB&sig=ACfU3U01GUnC1tWXWAFFwZspeUSlfDs0Tw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi9_su7hKXyAhVzppUCHf36De0Q6AF6BAgmEAM#v=onepage&q=%22nutritional%20supplement%22%20%22introduced%20in%201990..2000%22&f=false |language=en}}</ref> ||
+
| 2000–2017 || Market trend || Vitamin || In the United States, retail sales of nutritional vitamins more than double in this period, from US$17 billion to over US$36 billion.<ref name="Supplement Factory">{{cite web |title=The History of Vitamins {{!}} Timeline |url=https://supplementfactoryuk.com/blog/2018/05/the-history-of-vitamins/ |website=Supplement Factory |access-date=12 August 2021 |date=23 May 2018}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 1992 || || || "s. In 1992, an out�break of rapidly progressive renal fibrosis in Belgium involved at least 100 patients who were undergoing a weight-loss regimen that included the use of aristolo�chic acid-containing Chinese herbs. Approximately half of these patients required renal replacement therapy"<ref name="Gupta"/>
+
| 2002 || Industry || {{w|Sports nutrition}} || American sports nutrition brand {{w|Cellucor}} is introduced. It specializes in dietary supplements, bodybuilding supplements, and energy drinks.<ref>{{cite web |title=Supplement Company Of The Month: Cellucor, Part 1 |url=https://www.bodybuilding.com/fun/supplement-company-of-the-month-cellucor1.html |website=Bodybuilding.com |access-date=11 September 2021 |language=en |date=5 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Supplement Company Of The Month: Cellucor, Part 1 |url=https://www.bodybuilding.com/fun/supplement-company-of-the-month-cellucor1.html |website=Bodybuilding.com |access-date=11 September 2021 |language=en |date=5 June 2013}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 1992 || Organization || {{w|Nutrition bar}} || {{w|Clif Bar}} is founded.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Clif Bar & Company Story |url=https://www.clifbar.com/stories/the-clif-bar-and-company-story |website=Clifbar |access-date=15 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref> Its flagship product, the Clif bar, is a soft and chewy energy bar made with wholesome organic rolled oats.<ref>{{cite web |title=Amazon.com: CLIF BARS - Energy Bars - Best Sellers Variety Pack- Made with Organic Oats - Plant Based - Vegetarian Food- Care Package - Kosher (2.4 Ounce Protein Bars, 16 Count) Packaging & Assortment May Vary : Everything Else |url=https://www.amazon.com/CLIF-BAR-Energy-Variety-Protein/dp/B07D83162X |website=www.amazon.com |access-date=15 September 2021}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
+
| 2004 || Market trend || Dietary supplement || Global sales of dietary supplements represent a significant business, with worldwide sales being estimated at US$70–250 billion.<ref name="Academic Pre"/> || Worldwide
 
|-
 
|-
| 1993 || Product launch || Fruit and vegetable juice extracts || {{w|Juice Plus}} is introduced by {{w|San Marcos, California}}–based {{w|Natural Alternatives International}}. It is a {{w|brand}}ed line of {{w|dietary supplement}}s containing concentrated {{w|fruit}} and {{w|vegetable}} juice extracts fortified with added vitamins and nutrients.<ref>{{cite web |title=INSPIRING HEALTHY LIVING AROUND THE WORLD |url=https://www.juiceplus.com/content/JuicePlus/en/about-us/juiceplus-story.html |website=juiceplus.com |access-date=15 September 2021}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
+
| 2005 || Industry || Ultra Rice || Ultra Rice is first made generally available. It is a grain product made to resemble rice and fortified with vitamins and nutrients.<ref>{{cite web |title=USAID: Science and Technology - Ultra Rice® |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110602065453/http://www.usaid.gov/scitech/ur.html |website=web.archive.org |access-date=11 August 2021 |date=2 June 2011}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
| 1994 || || || {{w|GU Energy Labs}} is founded.<ref>{{cite web |title=About: GU Energy Labs |url=https://dbpedia.org/page/GU_Energy_Labs |website=dbpedia.org |access-date=14 September 2021}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
+
| 2008 || Industry || {{w|Relaxation drink}} || {{w|Slow Cow}} is introduced. It is a {{w|relaxation drink}} dubbed an "anti-energy" drink.<ref>{{cite web |title=Red Bull or Slow Cow: Social Mood Influences Our Thirst for Energy Drinks |url=https://www.wm.edu/as/economics/_documents/winning-paper.pdf |website=wm.edu |access-date=11 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Khaustovich |first1=Vladislav |title=SLOW COW: FROM THE PARODY OF RED BULL TO THE UNIQUE BRAND |url=https://vladislavkhaustovich.medium.com/slow-cow-from-the-parody-of-red-bull-to-the-unique-brand-430d6ffe2c0b |website=Medium |access-date=11 September 2021 |language=en |date=9 March 2021}}</ref> || {{w|Canada}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 1994 || || || "The only major US regulation related to nutraceuticals is the 1994 passage of the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act by the US Congress. Based on this act, dietary supple�ments are classified as foods, not drugs, allowing them to be sold without proof of safety and effectiveness"<ref name="Gupta"/> "Enter the ‘Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994‘, which is still current and which seeks to protect consumers from the dietary claims of supplement manufacturers. This Act provides that consumers have the right to know all dietary information contained in any food supplements before they purchase it, hence the comprehensive and accurate labeling that we see on labels today."<ref name="Physical Culture Study"/> ||
+
| 2009 || Industry || {{w|Sports nutrition}} || {{w|Toronto}}–based {{w|BioSteel Sports Nutrition}} is founded.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Corporation |first1=Canopy Growth |title=Canopy Growth Announces Purchase of Majority Stake in Biosteel Sports Nutrition Inc |url=https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/canopy-growth-announces-purchase-of-majority-stake-in-biosteel-sports-nutrition-inc-812147352.html |website=www.newswire.ca |access-date=13 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref> It produces nutrition products for athletes and exercise enthusiasts.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Heitner |first1=Darren |title=How BioSteel Sports Supplements Has Quietly Infiltrated The Athlete Nutrition Market |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/darrenheitner/2013/09/09/how-biosteel-sports-supplements-has-quietly-infiltrated-the-athlete-nutrition-market/?sh=7493ecb57188 |website=Forbes |access-date=16 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref> || {{w|Canada}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 1994 || || || "The term dietary supplements was formally defined for US government offices in 1994 as a product (other than tobacco) intended to supplement the diet to enhance health that bears or contains one or more of the follow�ing dietary ingredients: a vitamin; a mineral; an amino acid; an herb or other botanical; a dietary substance for use to supplement the diet by increasing the total dietary intake; or a concentrate, metabolite, constituent, extract, or combination of any ingredient described in this list. Dietary supplements are further defined as products that are labeled as dietary supplements and are intended for ingestion in the form of a capsule, powder, soft gel, or gel cap, and not represented as a conventional food or as a sole item of a meal or the diet. The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) of 1994 defined both of the terms “dietary ingredient” and “new dietary ingre�dient (NDI)” as components of dietary supplements"<ref name="Gupta"/> "The concept of medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) was introduced in 1994 by the American Dietetic Association"<ref>{{cite web |title=Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) |url=http://www.signutra.com/nutripedia/medical-nutrition-therapy/ |website=Nutripedia |access-date=9 August 2021 |date=17 October 2017}}</ref> " the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act was passed into law in 1994, where it officially defines dietary supplements as “a product (other than tobacco) intended to supplement the diet that bears or contains one or more of the following dietary ingredients: a vitamin; a mineral; an herb or other botanical; an amino acid; a dietary substance for use by man to supplement the diet by increasing the total dietary intake; or a concentrate, metabolite, constituent, extract, or combination of any ingredient described.”"<ref name="Stratum Nutrition"/> ||
+
| 2009 || Industry || {{w|Nutraceutical}} || {{w|Ateronon}} is launched by British company Cambridge Theranostics.<ref>{{cite news|title=Tomato pill 'beats heart disease'|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/8076556.stm|accessdate=14 April 2021|work=BBC news|date=1 June 2009}}</ref> It is a {{w|nutraceutical}} composed of lactolycopene, a combination of {{w|lycopene}} from tomato oleoresin and a {{w|whey protein}} matrix which increases the absorption / {{w|bioavailability}} of lycopene.<ref name=Foot01>{{cite journal  |vauthors=Richelle M, Bortlik K, Liardet S, etal  |title=A food-based formulation provides lycopene with the same bioavailability to humans as that from tomato paste |journal=J. Nutr. |volume=132 |issue=3 |pages=404–8 |date=March 2002  |pmid=11880563 |type=Clinical trial|doi=10.1093/jn/132.3.404 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=Foot02>{{cite journal  |vauthors=Blume-Peytavi U, Rolland A, Darvin ME, etal  |title=Cutaneous lycopene and beta-carotene levels measured by resonance Raman spectroscopy: high reliability and sensitivity to oral lactolycopene deprivation and supplementation |journal=Eur J Pharm Biopharm |volume=73 |issue=1 |pages=187–94 |date=September 2009  |pmid=19442725 |doi=10.1016/j.ejpb.2009.04.017 |type=Clinical trial}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 1994 || || || {{w|Action Against Hunger}} / {{w|Action Contre la Faim}} (ACF) pioneers the use of milk formula F-100 for the treatment of {{w|severe acute malnutrition}}. ||
+
| 2009 || Scientific development || {{w|Multivitamin}} || A study conducted in 161,808 {{w|postmenopausal}} women from the Women's Health Initiative clinical trials concludes that after eight years of follow-up "multivitamin use has little or no influence on the risk of common cancers, cardiovascular disease, or total mortality".<ref name="Neuhouser ML 2008">{{cite journal |vauthors=Neuhouser ML, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Thomson C, Aragaki A, Anderson GL, Manson JE, Patterson RE, Rohan TE, van Horn L, Shikany JM, Thomas A, LaCroix A, Prentice RL |display-authors=6 |title=Multivitamin use and risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease in the Women's Health Initiative cohorts |journal=Archives of Internal Medicine |volume=169 |issue=3 |pages=294–304 |date=February 2009 |pmid=19204221 |pmc=3868488 |doi=10.1001/archinternmed.2008.540}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
| 1995 || Organization || {{w|Weight loss}}/{{w|nutrition}} supplements || Canadian weight loss and nutrition company {{w|Herbal Magic}} is founded.<ref>{{cite web |title=Herbal Magic - Overview, News & Competitors {{!}} ZoomInfo.com |url=https://www.zoominfo.com/c/herbal-magic-corp/23381076 |website=ZoomInfo |access-date=11 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref> || {{w|Canada}}
+
| 2010 || Scientific development || {{w|Multivitamin}} || A study in the ''{{w|Journal of Clinical Oncology}}'' suggests that multivitamin use during {{w|chemotherapy]] for stage III colon cancer has no effect on the outcomes of treatment.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Ng K, Meyerhardt JA, Chan JA, Niedzwiecki D, Hollis DR, Saltz LB, Mayer RJ, Benson AB, Schaefer PL, Whittom R, Hantel A, Goldberg RM, Fuchs CS |display-authors=6 |title=Multivitamin use is not associated with cancer recurrence or survival in patients with stage III colon cancer: findings from CALGB 89803 |journal=Journal of Clinical Oncology |volume=28 |issue=28 |pages=4354–63 |date=October 2010 |pmid=20805450 |pmc=2954134 |doi=10.1200/JCO.2010.28.0362}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
| 1996 || || || Japan introduces its nutrition labeling standards system.<ref name="Gupta"/> || {{w|Japan}}
+
| 2010 || Promotion || ''[[W:Spirulina (genus)|Spirulina]]'' || The {{w|Food and Agriculture Organization}} (FAO) announces that algae cake called “dihé” may one day be significant to the fight against malnutrition in the world. Dihé is a nutrient-rich indigenous variety of the blue-green algae spirulina harvested on the edges of {{w|Lake Chad}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=A look at Dihé, the Chadian superfood used to fight malnutrition |url=https://face2faceafrica.com/article/a-look-at-dihe-the-chadian-superfood-used-to-fight-malnutrition |website=Face2Face Africa |access-date=29 September 2021 |language=en |date=3 February 2020}}</ref> It is a rich source of protein, iron and betacarotene.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nutrient-rich algae from Chad could help fight malnutrition, Dihé boosts local women's incomes too - Chad |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/chad/nutrient-rich-algae-chad-could-help-fight-malnutrition-dih%C3%A9-boosts-local-womens-incomes |website=ReliefWeb |access-date=29 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref> || {{w|Chad}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 1996 || || || " the Medication Pass Nutritional Supplement Program was introduced in 1996 by Kerrigan, Maxwell and Siegel, later termed Med Pass program. This approach involves the distribution of low-volumes (60 mL or 90 mL) of a high-calorie, high-protein nutritional supplement, three to four times a day with medications. This method aims to prevent any disruption of appetite and is well tolerated by volume-sensitive individuals (Dillabough, Mammel, & Yee, 2011). " ||
+
| 2011 || Scientific development || {{w|Multivitamin}} || A very large prospective cohort study including more than 180,000 participants, finds no significant association between multivitamin use and mortality from all causes. The study also finds no impact of multivitamin use on the risk of cardiovascular disease or cancer.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Park SY, Murphy SP, Wilkens LR, Henderson BE, Kolonel LN |title=Multivitamin use and the risk of mortality and cancer incidence: the multiethnic cohort study |journal=American Journal of Epidemiology |volume=173 |issue=8 |pages=906–14 |date=April 2011 |pmid=21343248 |pmc=3105257 |doi=10.1093/aje/kwq447}}</ref> ||  
 
|-
 
|-
| 1998 || || {{w|Medicinal plants}} || The United States {{w|National Toxicology Program}} (NTP) holds an international workshop to evaluate research needs for the use and safety of medicinal herbs.<ref name="Gupta"/> || {{w|United States}}
+
| 2013 || Industry || {{w|Triterpene}} || {{w|Cycloastragenol}} is launched by {{w|Geron Corporation}}.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Borrell |first1=Brendan |title=Lawsuit challenges anti-ageing claims |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/488018a |website=Nature |access-date=16 September 2021 |pages=18–18 |language=en |doi=10.1038/488018a |date=1 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Cycloastragenol. EC No.159 {{!}} Food Standards Agency |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161001141704/http://acnfp.food.gov.uk/assess/fullapplics/cycloastragenol |website=web.archive.org |access-date=16 September 2021 |date=1 October 2016}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 1998 || Organization || {{w|Sports nutrition}} || {{w|CytoSport}} is founded. Based in {{w|Benicia, California}}, it manufactures sports-oriented nutritional products.<ref>{{cite web |title=CytoSport® To Be Acquired By Hormel Foods Corporation |url=https://investor.hormelfoods.com/news-events/press-releases/news-details/2014/CytoSport-To-Be-Acquired-By-Hormel-Foods-Corporation/default.aspx |website=investor.hormelfoods.com |access-date=14 September 2021}}</ref> ||
+
| 2014 || Industry || Nutritional bars, supplements, meal-replacement shakes || {{w|Huel}} is founded in {{w|England}}. It provides nutritional bars, supplements and meal-replacement shakes.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jhaveri |first1=Neelam |last2=Sewell |first2=Dawson |title=Huel - Wiki |url=https://golden.com/wiki/Huel-P5V3Z4 |website=Golden |access-date=15 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 1998 || || || The {{w|Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China}} announces a category of food source called “new resource foods” (NRF), which includes purified ingredients or extracts of plants or animals that can be added to foods.<ref name="Gupta"/> || {{w|China}}
+
| 2014 || Industry || {{w|Meal replacement}} || [[w:Netherlands|Dutch]] {{w|meal replacement}} company [[w:Jimmy Joy (company)|Jimmy Joy]] is founded.<ref>{{cite web |title=Versions of Jimmy Joy Products |url=https://jimmyjoy.com/pages/versions |website=Jimmy Joy |access-date=28 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref> It produces Joylent, a vegan, powdered food replacement.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jimmy Joy - Crunchbase Company Profile & Funding |url=https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/joylent |website=Crunchbase |access-date=25 October 2021 |language=en}}</ref> || {{w|Netherlands}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 1998 || || || "''G. biloba'' leaf extract was nominated by the National Cancer Institute to the NTP for a 2-year chronic carcinogenicity bioassay because (i) ginkgo is a well�defined product and it or its active ingredients have demonstrated biological activities; (ii) it can be con�sumed in rather large doses for an extended period of time; and (iii) some of its ingredients are known muta�gens (NTP, 1998)."<ref name="Gupta"/> ||
+
| 2015 || Market trend || Dietary supplement || The supplement industry in the United States is estimated at US$37 billion with more than 50,000 supplements on the local market.<ref name="supergreentonik.com">{{cite web |title=History Of Supplementation And The Rise Of Greens Powders |url=https://supergreentonik.com/rise-greens-powders/ |website=supergreentonik.com |access-date=14 September 2021}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 2000–2017 || || || In the United States, retail sales of nutritional vitamins more than double in this period, from US$17 billion to over US$36 billion.<ref name="Supplement Factory">{{cite web |title=The History of Vitamins {{!}} Timeline |url=https://supplementfactoryuk.com/blog/2018/05/the-history-of-vitamins/ |website=Supplement Factory |access-date=12 August 2021 |date=23 May 2018}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
+
| 2017 || Market growth || Energy drink || Global energy drink sales are about 44 billion {{w|euro}}s in this year.<ref name="nut">{{cite web |title=Energy Drink Sales Still on the Rise, Despite Slowdown in Innovation |url=http://www.nutritionaloutlook.com/sports-energy/energy-drink-sales-still-rise-despite-slowdown-innovation |publisher=Nutritional Outlook |access-date=30 September 2021 |date=28 June 2018}}</ref> || {{w|Worldwide}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 2002 || || || American sports nutrition brand {{w|Cellucor}} is introduced.<ref>{{cite web |title=Supplement Company Of The Month: Cellucor, Part 1 |url=https://www.bodybuilding.com/fun/supplement-company-of-the-month-cellucor1.html |website=Bodybuilding.com |access-date=11 September 2021 |language=en |date=5 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Supplement Company Of The Month: Cellucor, Part 1 |url=https://www.bodybuilding.com/fun/supplement-company-of-the-month-cellucor1.html |website=Bodybuilding.com |access-date=11 September 2021 |language=en |date=5 June 2013}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
+
| 2018 || Market trend || Nutritional supplement || The ''{{w|New York Times}}'' estimates that in the United States alone, the nutritional supplement industry is worth roughly US$133 billion.<ref name="BarBend">{{cite web |title=The Untold History of Workout Supplements |url=https://barbend.com/history-of-supplements/ |website=BarBend |access-date=14 September 2021 |date=21 November 2018}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 2005 || Product launch || || Ultra Rice is first made generally available. It is a grain product made to resemble rice and fortified with vitamins and nutrients.<ref>{{cite web |title=USAID: Science and Technology - Ultra Rice® |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110602065453/http://www.usaid.gov/scitech/ur.html |website=web.archive.org |access-date=11 August 2021 |date=2 June 2011}}</ref> ||
+
| 2018 || Market trend || [[w:Tablet (pharmacy)|Tablet]] || Tablets are the most popular method for supplement ingestion in {{w|North America}}, producing a revenue of around US$13.30 billion.<ref name="Turner"/> || {{w|North America}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 2008 || Product launch || {{w|Relaxation drink}} || {{w|Slow Cow}} is introduced. It is a {{w|relaxation drink}} dubbed an "anti-energy" drink.<ref>{{cite web |title=Red Bull or Slow Cow: Social Mood Influences Our Thirst for Energy Drinks |url=https://www.wm.edu/as/economics/_documents/winning-paper.pdf |website=wm.edu |access-date=11 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Khaustovich |first1=Vladislav |title=SLOW COW: FROM THE PARODY OF RED BULL TO THE UNIQUE BRAND |url=https://vladislavkhaustovich.medium.com/slow-cow-from-the-parody-of-red-bull-to-the-unique-brand-430d6ffe2c0b |website=Medium |access-date=11 September 2021 |language=en |date=9 March 2021}}</ref> || {{w|Canada}}
+
| 2019 || Market trend || Vitamin, supplement || By this time, the vitamin and supplement industry in the {{w|United States}} is worth US$35 billion annually. Globally it is estimated to exceed US$128 billion in the year.<ref name="Turner">{{cite web |last1=Turner |first1=Robert |title=The Marketing History of a $128 Billion Industry |url=https://bettermarketing.pub/how-much-marketing-is-behind-the-supplement-industry-8601344bc8a0 |website=Medium |access-date=14 September 2021 |language=en |date=13 April 2020}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 2009 || Organization ({{w|private company}}) || {{w|Sports nutrition}} || {{w|Toronto}}–based {{w|BioSteel Sports Nutrition}} is founded.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Corporation |first1=Canopy Growth |title=Canopy Growth Announces Purchase of Majority Stake in Biosteel Sports Nutrition Inc |url=https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/canopy-growth-announces-purchase-of-majority-stake-in-biosteel-sports-nutrition-inc-812147352.html |website=www.newswire.ca |access-date=13 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref> It produces nutrition products for athletes and exercise enthusiasts.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Heitner |first1=Darren |title=How BioSteel Sports Supplements Has Quietly Infiltrated The Athlete Nutrition Market |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/darrenheitner/2013/09/09/how-biosteel-sports-supplements-has-quietly-infiltrated-the-athlete-nutrition-market/?sh=7493ecb57188 |website=Forbes |access-date=16 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref> || {{w|Canada}}
+
| 2019 || Scientific development || {{w|Sports drink}} || A study by {{w|University College London}} finds that sports drinks cause high amount of {{w|tooth decay}} in professional athletes because of high sugar content.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sports drinks and energy bars blamed for poor athlete oral health, study finds|url=https://www.nutraingredients.com/Article/2019/08/27/Sports-drinks-and-energy-bars-blamed-for-poor-athlete-oral-health-study-finds |website=nutraingredients.com |access-date=1 October 2021}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 2009 || Product launch || || {{w|Ateronon}} is launched by Cambridge Theranostics Ltd, UK.<ref>{{cite news|title=Tomato pill 'beats heart disease'|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/8076556.stm|accessdate=14 April 2021|work=BBC news|date=1 June 2009}}</ref> ||
+
| 2026 || Market trend || Dietary supplement || Projections estimate the dietary supplements market to be valued at US$349 billion by this year.<ref name="Stratum Nutrition">{{cite web |title=History of Dietary Supplements |url=https://www.stratumnutrition.com/resources/post/history-of-dietary-supplements |website=Stratum Nutrition |access-date=14 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=LLC |first1=Market Study Report |title=Dietary supplements market size to reach a value of US$ 349 billion by 2026 |url=https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2020/03/24/2005306/0/en/Dietary-supplements-market-size-to-reach-a-value-of-US-349-billion-by-2026.html |website=GlobeNewswire News Room |access-date=14 September 2021 |language=en |date=24 March 2020}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
| 2013 || || {{w|Triterpene}} || {{w|Cycloastragenol}} is launched by {{w|Geron Corporation}}.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Borrell |first1=Brendan |title=Lawsuit challenges anti-ageing claims |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/488018a |website=Nature |access-date=16 September 2021 |pages=18–18 |language=en |doi=10.1038/488018a |date=1 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Cycloastragenol. EC No.159 {{!}} Food Standards Agency |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161001141704/http://acnfp.food.gov.uk/assess/fullapplics/cycloastragenol |website=web.archive.org |access-date=16 September 2021 |date=1 October 2016}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
+
|}
 +
 
 +
== Numerical and visual data  ==
 +
 
 +
=== Google Scholar ===
 +
 
 +
The following table summarizes per-year mentions on Google Scholar as of September 19, 2021.
 +
 
 +
{| class="sortable wikitable"
 +
! Year
 +
! "nutritional supplement"
 
|-
 
|-
| 2014 || Organization || || {{w|Huel}} is founded in {{w|England}}. It provides nutritional bars, supplements and meal-replacement shakes.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jhaveri |first1=Neelam |last2=Sewell |first2=Dawson |title=Huel - Wiki |url=https://golden.com/wiki/Huel-P5V3Z4 |website=Golden |access-date=15 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
+
| 1950 ||  
 
|-
 
|-
| 2014 || || || [[w:Jimmy Joy (company)|Jimmy Joy]] is founded. ||
+
| 1960 || 7
 
|-
 
|-
| 2015 || || || "In 2015 the supplement industry was estimated at $37 billion with more than 50,000 supplements on the U.S. market alone "<ref name="supergreentonik.com">{{cite web |title=History Of Supplementation And The Rise Of Greens Powders |url=https://supergreentonik.com/rise-greens-powders/ |website=supergreentonik.com |access-date=14 September 2021}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
+
| 1970 || 12
 
|-
 
|-
| 2018 || March || || The New York Times estimates that in the United States alone, the nutritional supplement industry is worth roughly US$133 billion.<ref name="BarBend">{{cite web |title=The Untold History of Workout Supplements |url=https://barbend.com/history-of-supplements/ |website=BarBend |access-date=14 September 2021 |date=21 November 2018}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
+
| 1980 || 49
 
|-
 
|-
| 2018 || May || || "In May 2018, the EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources Added to Food (ANS) adopted guidance on the evaluation of sources of nutrients and bioavailability of nutrient from the sources."<ref name="www.efsa.europa.eu">{{cite web |title=Food supplements {{!}} European Food Safety Authority |url=https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/topics/topic/food-supplements |website=www.efsa.europa.eu |access-date=14 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref> ||
+
| 1990 || 134
 
|-
 
|-
| 2018 || || || "In North America, tablets are the most popular method for supplement ingestion, commanding around $13.30 billion in revenue in 2018."<ref name="Turner"/> ||
+
| 2000 || 651 
 
|-
 
|-
| 2019 || || || "In the U.S., the vitamin and supplement industry is worth a mouthwatering $35 billion annually; globally it was estimated to exceed $128 billion in 2019."<ref name="Turner">{{cite web |last1=Turner |first1=Robert |title=The Marketing History of a $128 Billion Industry |url=https://bettermarketing.pub/how-much-marketing-is-behind-the-supplement-industry-8601344bc8a0 |website=Medium |access-date=14 September 2021 |language=en |date=13 April 2020}}</ref>  ||
+
| 2010 || 2,030
 
|-
 
|-
| 2026 || || || Projections estimate the dietary supplements market to be valued at US$349 billion by this year.<ref name="Stratum Nutrition">{{cite web |title=History of Dietary Supplements |url=https://www.stratumnutrition.com/resources/post/history-of-dietary-supplements |website=Stratum Nutrition |access-date=14 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=LLC |first1=Market Study Report |title=Dietary supplements market size to reach a value of US$ 349 billion by 2026 |url=https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2020/03/24/2005306/0/en/Dietary-supplements-market-size-to-reach-a-value-of-US-349-billion-by-2026.html |website=GlobeNewswire News Room |access-date=14 September 2021 |language=en |date=24 March 2020}}</ref> ||
+
| 2020 || 4,530 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
 +
 +
[[File:Nutritional supplement gsch.png|thumb|center|600px]]
 +
 +
=== Google Trends ===
 +
 +
The chart below shows {{w|Google Trends}} data for nutritional supplement, from January 2004 to September 2021, when the screenshot was taken. Interest is also ranked by country and displayed on world map.<ref>{{cite web |title=nutritional supplement |url=https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=all&q=nutritional%20supplement |website=Google Trends |access-date=19 September 2021}}</ref>
 +
 +
[[File:Nutritional supplement gt.png|thumb|center|600px]]
 +
 +
=== Google Ngram Viewer ===
 +
 +
The comparative chart below shows {{w|Google Ngram Viewer}} data for nutritional supplement and dietary supplement from 1900 to 2019.<ref>{{cite web |title=nutritional supplement and dietary supplement |url=https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=nutritional+supplement%2C+dietary+supplement&year_start=1900&year_end=2019&corpus=26&smoothing=3&direct_url=t1%3B%2Cnutritional%20supplement%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cdietary%20supplement%3B%2Cc0#t1%3B%2Cnutritional%20supplement%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cdietary%20supplement%3B%2Cc0 |website=books.google.com |access-date=19 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
 +
 +
[[File:Nutritional supplement ngram.png|thumb|center|700px]]
 +
 +
=== Wikipedia Views ===
 +
 +
The chart below shows pageviews of the English Wikipedia article {{w|nutritional supplement}}, from July 2015 to August 2021.<ref>{{cite web |title=nutritional supplement |url=https://wikipediaviews.org/displayviewsformultiplemonths.php?page=Nutritional+supplement&allmonths=allmonths-api&language=en&drilldown=all |website=wikipediaviews.org |access-date=19 September 2021}}</ref>
 +
 +
[[File:Nutritional supplement wv.png|thumb|center|550px]]
  
 
==Meta information on the timeline==
 
==Meta information on the timeline==
Line 287: Line 352:
 
===What the timeline is still missing===
 
===What the timeline is still missing===
  
* {{w|Energy drink}} (check Dietary supplements and Energy drinks tables below)
+
===Timeline update strategy===
* {{w|Dietary supplement}} (check category table below)
 
* {{w|Energy drink}}
 
* {{w|Essential amino acid}}
 
* {{w|Multivitamin}}
 
* {{w|Food fortification}}
 
* Type of events: Literature, research, statistics, public opinion?, criticism?
 
* {{w|Category:Dietary supplements}}
 
* {{w|Category:Energy food products}}
 
* {{w|Dietary supplement}}
 
* {{w|Category:Nutritional supplement companies}}
 
* {{w|Category:Energy drinks}}
 
* {{w|Category:Vitamins}}
 
* [https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/health-supplements-send-23-000-to-emergency-rooms-in-the-u-s-each-year/]
 
  
===Timeline update strategy===
+
=== Pingbacks ===
 +
 
 +
* [https://blog.nutrachamps.com/the-history-of-supplements/ The History of Supplements, by Lex Palmeri]
  
 
==See also==
 
==See also==

Latest revision as of 22:08, 1 December 2023

This is a timeline of nutritional supplements, which attempts to describe significant events in the history of dietary supplements and vitamins.

Sample questions

The following are some interesting questions that can be answered by reading this timeline:

  • What topics are mentioned in this timeline?
    • Sort the full timeline by "Key topic".
    • You will mostly see types of supplements.
  • What are some notable or illustrative examples of the myriad of products sold under the category of nutritional supplements, and what are some notable or illustrative companies operating in the industry?
    • Sort the full timeline by "Event type" and look for the group of rows with value "Industry".
    • You will see launch of products, such as famous Haarlem oil, as well as some companies, like Nutrilite.
  • What are some notable scientific events involving vitamins and supplements?
    • Sort the full timeline by "Event type" and look for the group of rows with value "Scientific development".
    • You will see notable scientific events, often discoveries of proteins and vitamins.
  • What are some illustrative policies introduced by authorities with the purpose to regulate the consumption of nutritional supplements?
    • Sort the full timeline by "Event type" and look for the group of rows with value "Policy".
    • You will see regulations on commercialization of products and labeling, as well as introdutions of special nutritive foods by governments.
  • Other events are described under the following types: "Adverse effect", "Concept development", "General consensus".

Big picture

Time period Development summary More details
Before 20th century Early scientific development The concept of metabolism is already discovered in the 18th century by Antoine Lavoisier. By the early 1800s, the elements of carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen, the main components of food, are isolated and soon connected to health.[1] "Dietitians and nutritionists first worked in hospitals in the late 19th century as the role of good nutrition in health began to be accepted. "[1]
20th century (first half) Era of vitamin discovery "The first half of the 20th century witnessed the identification and synthesis of many of the known essential vitamins and minerals and their use to prevent and treat nutritional deficiency related diseases including scurvy, beriberi, pellagra, rickets, xerophthalmia, and nutritional anaemias."[2] "Until the 1930’s vitamins were obtained only through food intake. The vitamin B complex and Vitamin C were the first vitamins to be sold."[3] "The first vitamin pills were marketed in the 1930s, and created a new industry around science-based health products. "[1] "In the 1920s, vitamin A and C sales surged as the public began to believe that if a supplement contained vitamins, it contained other miraculous chemical compounds as well. This let to vitamin B2 surging in the 1930s. "[4]
Mid-20th century onwards Nutritional supplement era By the mid-20th century all major vitamins have been isolated and synthesized.[2] After synthesizing and isolating all the types of vitamins our body needs to survive, clinicians begin looking to address health issues through single vitamin supplements.[5] Many multivitamins start being sold and promoted in stores to be kept on the dining table for meal times.[4] Vitamins become widely available as inexpensive food supplements and additives.[3] Supplement usage flourishes. [5] The 1960s see an explosion of bodybuilding supplements"[6] The increasing modernization of agriculture in the 1970s to 1990s, as well as the rise in commercial retail stores selling prepackaged food leads to a dramatic change in people’s diets including a lack of nutrients. To fill this gap more people turn to dietary supplements.[5][7]
21st century Recent trend The interest in supplementation significantly increases in the early 2000s, particularly the role in combating diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and cancers.[8]


Full timeline

Year Event type Key topic Details Location/Researcher affiliation Nutrient/product property (when applicable)
196 AD Literature Ginseng The Shen Nong Pharmacopoeia is written in China. This is one of the first written texts covering the use of ginseng as a medicinal herb.[9] China A root commonly used today as a supplement in herbal medicine, ginseng is thought to increase energy, boost the immune system, and help manage certain health conditions.[10]
1696 Industry Haarlem oil Haarlem oil is invented by Claes Tilly and is marketed as a cure for many ailments.[11][12] It is a special blend of natural oils and sulphur.[13] Netherlands Haarlem oil is effective in preventing respiratory illness, passive and active smoking, unhealthy diets and rheumatoid arthritis.[14]
1770 Scientific development Metabolism French chemist Antoine Lavoisier discovers the concept of metabolism, which is the transfer of food and oxygen into heat and water in the body, creating energy.[1] France
1770 Scientific development Cod liver oil Cod liver oil, rich in vitamin D, is first advocated for the treatment of tuberculosis.[15] Derived from liver of cod fish (Gadidae), today it is a dietary supplement. "Cod liver oil contains vitamin A, a vital nutrient for immune system function, cellular growth, eye health, and reproduction. It's also rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which decrease blood clot formation and reduce inflammation in the body."[16]
1827 Scientific development Spirulina French botanist P.J. Turpin isolates spirulina, a genus of cyanobacteria, from a freshwater sample.[17] "Spirulina is a potent source of nutrients. It contains a powerful plant-based protein called phycocyanin. Research shows this may have antioxidant, pain-relief, anti-inflammatory, and brain-protective properties. Many antioxidants in spirulina have anti-inflammatory effects in the body"[18]
1832 Scientific development Creatine Creatine is first identified when French chemist Michel Eugène Chevreul manages to isolate it from the basified water-extract of skeletal muscle. He would later name the crystallized precipitate after the Greek word for meat, κρέας (kreas).[19] France "Creatine is thought to improve strength, increase lean muscle mass, and help the muscles recover more quickly during exercise."[20]
1849 Scientific development Choline German chemist Adolph Strecker becomes the first to isolate choline from pig bile.[21][22] Today, choline chloride and choline bitartrate are used in dietary supplements. Germany Choline is recognized as an essential nutrient by some institutes. It is needed for neurotransmitter synthesis (acetylcholine), cell-membrane signaling (phospholipids), lipid transport (lipoproteins), and methyl-group metabolism (homocysteine reduction).[23]
1850 Scientific development Lecithin French chemist Theodore Nicolas Gobley first identifies lecithin in brain tissue and fish eggs.[24][25] France It is a natural emollient, emulsifier, anti-oxidant, spreading agent, and contains high amounts of vitamin E.[26]
1866 Industry Infant formula English food chemist Gustav Mellin develops an infant formula for infants and invalids in Boston, Massachusetts, and establishes Mellin's Food.[27] United States
1876 Scientific development Glucosamine Glucosamine is first prepared by German surgeon Georg Ledderhose by the hydrolysis of chitin with concentrated hydrochloric acid.[28][29][30] Germany "The body uses glucosamine to build and repair cartilage."[31]
1879 Scientific development Vitamin B2 Riboflavin is originally recognized as a growth factor and named vitamin B2 according to the British nomenclature system.[32] Riboflavin, is one of eight B vitamins that are essential for human health.[33] "Riboflavin helps the body break down carbohydrates, proteins and fats to produce energy, and it allows oxygen to be used by the body."[34]
1890 Discovery Algae (Chlorella vulgaris) Unicellular alga Chlorella vulgaris is discovered by Martinus Willem Beijerinck as the first microalga with a well-defined nucleus. It is mainly used as a dietary supplement or protein-rich food additive in Japan.[35] Japan "Chlorella is used to prevent low levels of iron in women who are pregnant. It is also used for depression, menstrual cramps, fibromyalgia, high cholesterol, and other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses."[36]
1892 Scientific development Spirulina, Arthrospira Gomont discovers the aseptate form of the Spirulina genus and the septal form of the Arthrospira genus.[17] Spirulina is a single-cell protein rich in all essential nutrients and vitamins.[37]
1897 Scientfic development Vitamin B1 Thiamine (Vitamin B1) is discovered.[38] It is an essential nutrient required by the body for maintaining cellular and organ functions.[39] "Thiamine enables the body to use carbohydrates as energy. It is essential for glucose metabolism, and it plays a key role in nerve, muscle, and heart function."[40]
1899 Scientfic development Genistein Genistein is first isolated from the dyer's broom, Genista tinctoria.[41] Today, it is an ingredient in dietary supplements aggressively marketed for bone health.[42] "Genistein is thought to benefit heart health through maintaining normal arterial elasticity and hence helping prevent hypertension. More specifically, genistein may help prevent cardiac hypertrophy."[43]
1890s Industry Dried milk Plasmon emerges in England. A proprietary dried milk, it is considered a nutritional supplement par excellence.[6]
1905 Scientific development Carnitine Carnitine is first extracted from meat extracts.[44] It is a hydrophilic amino acid derivative that is critical for energy production.[45] Carnitine is used by athletes for improvement of exercise performance, inhibit muscle cramps, or enhance recovery from physical training.[44]
1910 Scientific development Curcumin Curcumin is first described.[25] It is a biologically active polyphenolic compound found in turmeric[46], a spice derived from the rhizomes of the plant Curcuma longa Linn.[47][48] Curcumin is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound with a broad range of favourable biological functions, including anti-cancer, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.[49]
1911 Industry Milk formula Nurse Laura Smith in Glasgow establishes Sister Laura's Infant Food Company to market a special milk formula of her own invention.[50] United Kingdom
1911 Industry Protein drink Sandow’s Health and Strength Cocoa is introduced. Similar to Plasmon, it is seen as a rudimentary protein drink. It used by gym goers, the general public and even doctors to treat illnesses, until the company's bankrupcy in 2016.[6][51][52]
1912 Scientific development Vitamin Scientists discover that food contains more than three nutrients. Originally, these are called “accessory substances” which later would change to the term “vitamine” on scientific papers.[4]
1912 Scientific development Vitamin Polish biochemist Casimir Funk coins the term “vitamine” in a scientific paper, as essential factors in the diet. The word later becomes “vitamin.” Funk, who is credited with discovering vitamins, proposes the idea that various diseases could be cured with nutrients and during the next few decades.[53][53][1]
1916 Industry Vitamin Mastin’s Yeast Vitamon Tablets are introduced by Francis B. Mastin. Containing all three known vitamins along with iron, calcium, and phosphorus, this is perhaps the first multiple vitamin-and-mineral tablet on the market.[54][4]
1919 Policy Dietitians After World War I, the United States Public Health Service begins including dietitians in PHS Hospital staffs, to help monitor and improve the health of war veterans. Dietitians become increasingly involved in the nation’s health care system and beyond, into the private sector.[1] United States
1922 Scientific development Vitamin E Vitamin E is first described by American anatomists Herbert McLean Evans and Katherine Bishop.[55][56] It is recognized as an essential nutrient for reproduction.[57] United States Vitamin E is an antioxidant with the power to reduce inflammation.[58]
1922 Industry Multivitamin By this time, multivitamin-type products are advertised for relief from pimples, blackheads, boils, constipation, malnutrition, nervous deficiency, physical breakdown, brain fog, general debility, run-down conditions, to “loosen up the slime and accumulated bile and clean the system,” to improve energy and digestion, and help weak, malnourished people gain weight.[4]
1926 Scientific development Vitamin B1 Thiamine becomes the first vitamin to be isolated and chemically defined, by Dutch chemist Barend Coenraad Petrus Jansen.[53][2][56] Netherlands "Thiamine is a heat-labile and water-soluble essential vitamin, belonging to the vitamin B family, with antioxidant, erythropoietic, mood modulating, and glucose-regulating activities."[59]
1927 Industry Energy drink Lucozade Energy is originally introduced by Newcastle pharmacist William Walker Hunter, as a hospital drink for "aiding the recovery." Later, in the early 1980s, it would be promoted as an energy drink for "replenishing lost energy."[60] United Kingdom
1928–1932 Scientific development Vitamin C Hungarian biochemist Albert Szent-Györgyi isolates Vitamin C and definitively documents, for the first time, this vitamin as a protection against scurvy.[2].[56][8] Hungary "Vitamin-C has different properties such as anti-aging, anti scurvy, antiviral and antibacterial, enhancing immunity, involved in detoxification process."[61]
1929 Scientific development Vitamin K Danish biochemist Carl Peter Henrik Dam discovers Vitamin K and its association with blood coagulation.[56] Denmark Vitamin K helps to make various proteins that are needed for blood clotting and the building of bones.[62]
1933 Scientific development Vitamin C British chemist Norman Haworth manages to deduce completely the chemical structure of Vitamin C.[56] is necessary for the growth, development and repair of all body tissues.[63] United Kingdom
1934 Industry Malted powder product Australian industrial chemist and inventor Thomas Mayne develops Milo, while working at Nestlé.[64] Milo is a powder based drink of chocolate and malt.[65] Australia
1934 Industry Vitamin, supplement Vitamin and supplement company Nutrilite is founded by Carl Rehnborg.[66] Today, Nutrilite is a vitamin, mineral and dietary supplement brand.[67] United States
1934 Scientific development Vitamin B Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) is first isolated from egg whites.[56][32]
1935 Scientific development Vitamin B Riboflavin is first synthesized.[32]
1936 Scientific development Vitamin E Vitamin E is biochemically characterized and named tocopherol.[55][56]
1936 Scientific development Vitamin B German-Dutch Biochemist Fritz Kogl and his graduate student Benno Tonnis at Ultrecht University identify vitamin B7 (biotin).[56] Netherlands
1936 Scientific development Dietary flavonoids Dietary flavonoids are first discovered by Albert Szent-Györgyi. These would be widely recognized for their potential beneficial effects on human health.[17]
1936 Scientific development Vitamin B1 Thiamine is synthesized to vitamin B1.[8][68]
1937 Scientific development Vitamin B3 American biochemist Conrad Elvehjem identifies nicotinic acid in fresh meat and yeast. This compound, now known as niacin, is vitamin B3.[56] United States
1937 Research Vitamin B3 Clinical trials confirm that niacin rapidly cures pellagra in people.[56]
1938 Promotion Hemp Popular Mechanics magazine notes the economic value of hemp, one member of the Cannabis sativa taxon, as the "new billion-dollar crop of the era".[17] Hemp seeds are considered to be very nutritious.[69] United States
1938 Scientific development Vitamin B6 Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) is isolated by Samuel Lepkovsky.[56] United States
1939 Scientific development Vitamin K Vitamin K is isolated by E.A. Doisy from hexane extracts.[56] Vitamin K plays a role in blood clotting, bone metabolism, and regulating blood calcium levels.[70]
1941 Program launch National Nutrition Conference for Defense In response to United States soldiers suffering disabilities from poor nutrition, President Franklin D. Roosevelt creates the National Nutrition Conference for Defense. From this, the first set of government-sponsored recommendation of daily allowances for six vitamins and two minerals is issued.[4] United States
1941 Scientific development Vitamin B9 Vitamin B9 (Folate) is extracted and isolated by Mitchell et al. from 4 tons of spinach.[71][56] Folate is critical in the metabolism of nucleic acid precursors and several amino acids, as well as in methylation reactions.[72]
1941 Policy Vitamin By this time, vitamins A, B1, B2, B3, C, D, calcium & iron are considered to be essential in the United States.[4]
1943 Industry Multivitamin The first one-a-day multivitamin is introduced.[4]
1948 Scientific development Vitamin B Vitamin B12 is isolated by two teams working independently in the United States and United Kingdom, from a substance in the liver named cobalamin.[56] United States, United Kingdom
1950 Industry Geritol Geritol is introduced as an alcohol-based, iron and B vitamin tonic by Pharmaceuticals, Inc.[73] Today, it is a United States trademarked name for various dietary supplements.[74] United States
1951 Industry Bodybuilding supplement Irving Johnson begins advertising his own Hi-Protein supplement in the pages of Hoffman’s Strength and Health magazine.[6] It is arguably the first bodybuilding protein powder.[75] United States
1952 Policy General Japan introduces special nutritive foods into its policy, which consists in two categories: "foods that supply certain nutrients" and "foods that are suitable for a particular purpose".[17] Japan
1952 Scientific development S-Adenosyl methionine Italian pharmacologist Giulio Cantoni first discovers S-Adenosyl methionine (SAM-e), an amino acid that is naturally produced by the body.[76] Since then, it is sold as a dietary supplement.[77][78]
1957 Scientific development Coenzyme Q10 Coenzyme Q10 is discovered by Dr. Frederick Crane and his team.[56] It is an important vitamin-like substance required for the proper function of many organs and chemical reactions in the body.[79]
1958 Industry Sports drink Bengal Punch is introduced as a sports drink created for the Louisiana State University football team.[80][81] United States
1963 Scientific development Thymoquinone Thymoquinone (TQ) is first isolated by El-Dakhakhny from black seeds using thin-layer chromatography.[17] With many properties, TQ is a major bioactive compound present in the black seeds of the Nigella sativa (NS) plant.[82]
1965 Industry Sports drink, energy bar, protein drink Sports-themed beverage and food Gatorade is introduced.[83] United States
1967 General consensus Arthrospira Arthrospira is established as a “wonderful future food source” for the world. Because no microorganism fulfills its promise of being inexpensive protein, Arthrospira would continue to give rise to research and increasing production, reflecting its perceived nutritional assets.[17] It has a high protein content (60%–70% of dry weight, depending on culture conditions) and is a rich source of vitamins, especially vitamin B12 and provitamin A (β-carotene), minerals, especially iron, and is a natural source of γ-linolenic acid.[84]
1968 General consensus Essential nutrient By this time, vitamins A, B1, B2, B3, C, D, calcium & iron, E, B6, and B12 & magnesium are considered to be essential in the United States.[4] United States
1968 General consensus Choline Choline is mentioned as an important nutrient in the 7th edition of the Recommended Dietary Allowances.[25]
1969 Industry Vitamin (effervescent) Berocca is first launched in Switzerland. It is a brand of effervescent drink and vitamin tablets containing B vitamins and vitamin C.[85] Switzerland
1971 Industry Dietary supplement California–based dietary supplements company Pharmavite is founded.[86] Its "Nature Made" vitamin brand is launched in the following year.[87] United States
1973 Industry Ready-to-drink shake Ensure is introduced by Abbott Laboratories as its first ready-to-drink shake. Ensure would later become the name of the company's line of nutritional supplements and meal replacements.[88][89] United States
1973 Policy Standard of identity The United States FDA issues regulations that prohibit certain representations on vitamin and mineral supplement labels, establishing standards of identity for vitamin and mineral supplements, and establishing that preparations containing more than 150 percent of the U.S. Recommended Daily Allowance (U.S. RDA) per serving are drugs.[7] United States
1973 Industry Vitamin United States health & wellness company MegaFood is founded, and starts making vitamins from real food. Others begin using plant-based ingredients rather than synthetic ingredients and artificial additives.[4][90] United States
1975 Industry Sports drink Sqwincher is introduced.[91] It is an electrolyte supplement containing sodium, potassium, and Vitamin C.[92] United States
1977 Industry Sports drink Isostar is first intriduced in Switzerland as an isotonic sports drink designed especially for athletes.[93] Switzerland
1977 Industry Diet shake SlimFast is founded and launches its original line of diet shakes. Today, the SlimFast diet is a weight loss plan centered on meal-replacement shakes and snack bars formulated by the company.[94]
1978 Industry Multivitamin (drink mix) The Emergen-C product line is introduced.[95] It is a nutritional supplement that contains vitamin C and other nutrients designed to boost the immune system and increase energy.[96] United States
1980 Industry Dietary supplement Herbalife Nutrition is founded by Mark R. Hughes. Today, it is a global multi-level marketing (MLM) corporation that develops and sells dietary supplements.[97] United States
1980 Industry Health drink Pocari Sweat launches in Japan.[98] It is a health drink that contains a balance of ions (electrolytes) that resembles the natural fluid balance in the human body. Japan
1983 Industry Energy bar CalorieMate is introduced in Japan, and launches its first nutritional energy bar. Produced by Otsuka Pharmaceutical, the brand would later expand offering energy gel.[99] Japan
1983 Industry Microalgae Cyanotech is founded.[100] It is a micro-algae producing company leasing land in the Natural Energy Lab of Hawaii on the Kona Coast of the island of Hawaii. The company produces Astaxanthin and Hawaiian Spirulina Pacifica.[101] United States
1984 Concept development Functional food The Japanese academia proposes the concept of functional food[17], which would develop as a convenient and inexpensive solution to chronic health problems, and would become influential in numerous branches of science and policy.[102] Japan
1985 Industry Atmit The LDS Church begins producing Atmit, a specific formula for malnourished children and others who cannot digest regular food. ATMIT, taken from the Ethiopian word for "nourishing porridge," consists of oat flour, powdered milk and sugar, is fortified with vitamins and minerals.[103]
1985 Scientific development Alpha-tocopherol Handelman et al. discover that supplementation with alpha-tocopherol, reduces the plasma concentration of gamma-tocopherol, which would later show its superiority over alpha-tocopherol when detoxifying nitrogen dioxide.[57]
1986 Industry Energy gel Sports energy gels emerge in the United Kingdom as a "convenient, prewrapped, portable" way to deliver carbohydrates during endurance events. United Kingdom
1988 Industry Soft drink Fibe Mini is launched.[104] It is a Japanese soft drink with added dietary fiber produced by Otsuka Pharmaceutical.[105] Japan
1988 Industry Sports drink Powerade is first introduced in the United States. It is commonly used by many athletes for the electrolytes and carbohydrates their body need to perform well and keep their body hydrated at the same time.[106] United States
1989 Industry AHCC Amino Up Chemical Co. and Dr. Toshihiko Okamoto at the University of Tokyo develop AHCC, the brand name of an alpha-glucan rich nutritional supplement produced from the mycelia of shiitake (Lentinula edodes) of the basidiomycete family of mushrooms.[107] AHCC helps boost immunity.[108] It also has measurable anti-inflammatory properties.[109] Japan
1989 Concept development Nutraceutical American researcher Stephen DeFelice coins the term nutraceutical from the words nutrition and pharmaceutical and defines it as “a food (or part of a food) that provides medical or health benefits, including the prevention and/or treatment of a disease.”.[17] United States
1989 Adverse effect Tryptophan Widespread reports during this time state that some L-tryptophan supplements are associated with eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome.[7] Tryptophan is an essential amino acid that is necessary for making proteins.[110]
1990 Industry Dietary supplement Dietary supplement Beano is developed by Alan Kligerman of AkPharma Inc. after research into gas-causing vegetables.[111]
1990 Policy Labeling The United States Congress introduces the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act (NLEA) to address the increase of unsubstantiated claims of disease cure and erroneous advice despite medical and scientific knowledge of effects of certain substances on the human body.[112] United States
1991 Policy General The Food for Specified Health Uses (FoSHU) system is created in Japan by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare with the purpose to encompass functional foods.[17] FOSHU refers to foods containing ingredient with functions for health and officially approved to claim its physiological effects on the human body.[113] Japan
1992 Industry Energy bar The Balance Bar is introduced. It is the brand name of a nutritional energy bar based on the 40-30-30 dietary principle, that is, a diet containing 40% carbohydrate, 30% protein and 30% dietary fat.[114][115] United States
1992 Scientific development Amino acid Roger Harris and his colleagues discover that exogenous creatine administration enhances muscle and phosphocreatine content. Since then, creatine has becomes the most popular dietary supplement in the field of sport and exercise physiology.[116][117]
1992 Adverse effect Herbal remedies (Chinese herbology) An outbreak of rapidly progressive renal fibrosis in Belgium involves at least 100 patients who were undergoing a weight-loss regimen that included the use of aristolochic acid-containing Chinese herbs. Approximately half of these patients end up requiring renal replacement therapy.[17] Belgium
1992 Industry Nutrition bar Clif Bar is founded.[118] Its flagship product, the Clif bar, is a soft and chewy energy bar made with wholesome organic rolled oats.[119] United States
1993 Industry Fruit and vegetable juice extracts Juice Plus is introduced by San Marcos, California–based Natural Alternatives International. It is a branded line of dietary supplements containing concentrated fruit and vegetable juice extracts fortified with added vitamins and nutrients.[120] United States
1994 Industry Energy gel GU Energy Labs is founded.[121] Based in Berkeley, California, it produces performance sports nutrition products, most notably energy gels. United States
1994 Policy Dietary supplement The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act is passed into law in the United States. The term dietary supplement is formally defined as a product (other than tobacco) intended to supplement the diet to enhance health that bears or contains one or more of the following dietary ingredients: a vitamin; a mineral; an amino acid; an herb or other botanical; a dietary substance for use to supplement the diet by increasing the total dietary intake; or a concentrate, metabolite, constituent, extract, or combination of any ingredient described in this list. "Dietary supplements are further defined as products that are labeled as dietary supplements and are intended for ingestion in the form of a capsule, powder, soft gel, or gel cap, and not represented as a conventional food or as a sole item of a meal or the diet."[17][5] This Act provides that consumers have the right to know all dietary information contained in any food supplements before they purchase it.[53] United States
1994 Concept development Medical nutrition therapy The concept of Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) is introduced by the American Dietetic Association.[122] MNT refers to the therapeutic approach to treating medical conditions and their associated symptoms with specific diets, monitored by trained medical professionals.[123] United States
1994 Industry Milk formula Action Against Hunger / Action Contre la Faim (ACF) pioneers the use of milk formula F-100 for the treatment of severe acute malnutrition.[124]
1994–2001 Market trend Herbal products The demand for herbal products worldwide increases at an annual rate of 8% in this period. However, this growth would slow in subsequent years.[68] Worldwide
1995 Industry Weight loss/nutrition supplements Canadian weight loss and nutrition company Herbal Magic is founded.[125] Canada
1996 Policy Labeling Japan introduces its nutrition labeling standards system.[17] Japan
1997–2003 Market trend Multivitamin/mineral preparations Sales of multivitamin/mineral preparations in the United States increase from US$2.64 billion in 1997 to US$3.68 billion in 2003.[68] United States
1998 Scientific development Medicinal plants The United States National Toxicology Program (NTP) holds an international workshop to evaluate research needs for the use and safety of medicinal herbs.[17] United States
1998 Industry Sports nutrition CytoSport is founded. Based in Benicia, California, it manufactures sports-oriented nutritional products.[126]
1998 Policy New resource foods The Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China announces a category of food source called “new resource foods” (NRF), which includes purified ingredients or extracts of plants or animals that can be added to foods.[17] China
1998 Promotion Ginkgo biloba Ginkgo biloba leaf extract is nominated by the National Cancer Institute to the National Toxicology Program for a 2-year chronic carcinogenicity bioassay, due to ginkgo being a welldefined product and for it or its active ingredients having demonstrated biological activities.[17] Today, Ginkgo biloba is used to improve or stabilize mental function, improve memory, and to improve cerebral and peripheral disease.[127] United States
2000–2017 Market trend Vitamin In the United States, retail sales of nutritional vitamins more than double in this period, from US$17 billion to over US$36 billion.[4] United States
2002 Industry Sports nutrition American sports nutrition brand Cellucor is introduced. It specializes in dietary supplements, bodybuilding supplements, and energy drinks.[128][129] United States
2004 Market trend Dietary supplement Global sales of dietary supplements represent a significant business, with worldwide sales being estimated at US$70–250 billion.[68] Worldwide
2005 Industry Ultra Rice Ultra Rice is first made generally available. It is a grain product made to resemble rice and fortified with vitamins and nutrients.[130]
2008 Industry Relaxation drink Slow Cow is introduced. It is a relaxation drink dubbed an "anti-energy" drink.[131][132] Canada
2009 Industry Sports nutrition Toronto–based BioSteel Sports Nutrition is founded.[133] It produces nutrition products for athletes and exercise enthusiasts.[134] Canada
2009 Industry Nutraceutical Ateronon is launched by British company Cambridge Theranostics.[135] It is a nutraceutical composed of lactolycopene, a combination of lycopene from tomato oleoresin and a whey protein matrix which increases the absorption / bioavailability of lycopene.[136][137] United Kingdom
2009 Scientific development Multivitamin A study conducted in 161,808 postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative clinical trials concludes that after eight years of follow-up "multivitamin use has little or no influence on the risk of common cancers, cardiovascular disease, or total mortality".[138]
2010 Scientific development Multivitamin A study in the Journal of Clinical Oncology suggests that multivitamin use during {{w|chemotherapy]] for stage III colon cancer has no effect on the outcomes of treatment.[139]
2010 Promotion Spirulina The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) announces that algae cake called “dihé” may one day be significant to the fight against malnutrition in the world. Dihé is a nutrient-rich indigenous variety of the blue-green algae spirulina harvested on the edges of Lake Chad.[140] It is a rich source of protein, iron and betacarotene.[141] Chad
2011 Scientific development Multivitamin A very large prospective cohort study including more than 180,000 participants, finds no significant association between multivitamin use and mortality from all causes. The study also finds no impact of multivitamin use on the risk of cardiovascular disease or cancer.[142]
2013 Industry Triterpene Cycloastragenol is launched by Geron Corporation.[143][144] United States
2014 Industry Nutritional bars, supplements, meal-replacement shakes Huel is founded in England. It provides nutritional bars, supplements and meal-replacement shakes.[145] United Kingdom
2014 Industry Meal replacement Dutch meal replacement company Jimmy Joy is founded.[146] It produces Joylent, a vegan, powdered food replacement.[147] Netherlands
2015 Market trend Dietary supplement The supplement industry in the United States is estimated at US$37 billion with more than 50,000 supplements on the local market.[8] United States
2017 Market growth Energy drink Global energy drink sales are about 44 billion euros in this year.[148] Worldwide
2018 Market trend Nutritional supplement The New York Times estimates that in the United States alone, the nutritional supplement industry is worth roughly US$133 billion.[6] United States
2018 Market trend Tablet Tablets are the most popular method for supplement ingestion in North America, producing a revenue of around US$13.30 billion.[149] North America
2019 Market trend Vitamin, supplement By this time, the vitamin and supplement industry in the United States is worth US$35 billion annually. Globally it is estimated to exceed US$128 billion in the year.[149] United States
2019 Scientific development Sports drink A study by University College London finds that sports drinks cause high amount of tooth decay in professional athletes because of high sugar content.[150] United Kingdom
2026 Market trend Dietary supplement Projections estimate the dietary supplements market to be valued at US$349 billion by this year.[5][151]

Numerical and visual data

Google Scholar

The following table summarizes per-year mentions on Google Scholar as of September 19, 2021.

Year "nutritional supplement"
1950
1960 7
1970 12
1980 49
1990 134
2000 651
2010 2,030
2020 4,530
Nutritional supplement gsch.png

Google Trends

The chart below shows Google Trends data for nutritional supplement, from January 2004 to September 2021, when the screenshot was taken. Interest is also ranked by country and displayed on world map.[152]

Nutritional supplement gt.png

Google Ngram Viewer

The comparative chart below shows Google Ngram Viewer data for nutritional supplement and dietary supplement from 1900 to 2019.[153]

Nutritional supplement ngram.png

Wikipedia Views

The chart below shows pageviews of the English Wikipedia article nutritional supplement, from July 2015 to August 2021.[154]

Nutritional supplement wv.png

Meta information on the timeline

How the timeline was built

The initial version of the timeline was written by User:Sebastian.

Funding information for this timeline is available.

Feedback and comments

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What the timeline is still missing

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See also

External links

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 "Read How Nutrition Careers Have Evolved Over Time". Natural Healers. 7 October 2016. Retrieved 14 September 2021. 
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Mozaffarian, Dariush; Rosenberg, Irwin; Uauy, Ricardo (13 June 2018). "History of modern nutrition science—implications for current research, dietary guidelines, and food policy". BMJ: k2392. doi:10.1136/bmj.k2392. 
  3. 3.0 3.1 "The History of Vitamins in the 20th Century Relating to Life Extension". Kaizen. 29 May 2021. Retrieved 14 September 2021. 
  4. 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 "The History of Vitamins | Timeline". Supplement Factory. 23 May 2018. Retrieved 12 August 2021. 
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 "History of Dietary Supplements". Stratum Nutrition. Retrieved 14 September 2021. 
  6. 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 "The Untold History of Workout Supplements". BarBend. 21 November 2018. Retrieved 14 September 2021. 
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