Difference between revisions of "Timeline of online advertising"
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|[[wikipedia:Invite Media|Invite Media]] launches. It is the creator of Bid Manager, a demand-side platform (DSP). It would eventually be acquired by Google and the Bid Manager would be rebranded as DoubleClick Bid Manager (DBM). | |[[wikipedia:Invite Media|Invite Media]] launches. It is the creator of Bid Manager, a demand-side platform (DSP). It would eventually be acquired by Google and the Bid Manager would be rebranded as DoubleClick Bid Manager (DBM). | ||
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|[[wikipedia:TubeMogul|TubeMogul]] launches, initially as a cross-platform video analytics tool.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://mashable.com/2007/07/23/tubemogul/#lop9W.P44Eqz|title = TubeMogul Launches Cross-Network Video Tracking Tool|last = Nicole|first = Kristen|date = July 23, 2007|accessdate = April 3, 2017|publisher = ''[[wikipedia:Mashable|Mashable]]}}</ref> It would eventually become an online video advertising network and solution. | |[[wikipedia:TubeMogul|TubeMogul]] launches, initially as a cross-platform video analytics tool.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://mashable.com/2007/07/23/tubemogul/#lop9W.P44Eqz|title = TubeMogul Launches Cross-Network Video Tracking Tool|last = Nicole|first = Kristen|date = July 23, 2007|accessdate = April 3, 2017|publisher = ''[[wikipedia:Mashable|Mashable]]}}</ref> It would eventually become an online video advertising network and solution. | ||
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Revision as of 22:44, 3 April 2017
The content on this page is forked from the English Wikipedia page entitled "Timeline of online advertising". The original page on the English Wikipedia was deleted. The original content was released under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License (CC-BY-SA), so this page inherits this license.
This page is a timeline of online advertising. Major launches, milestones and other major events are included.Part of a series on |
E-commerce |
---|
Online goods and services |
Retail services |
Marketplace services |
Mobile commerce |
Customer service |
E-procurement |
Purchase-to-pay |
Contents
Overview
Decade | Description |
---|---|
Late 1970s–
1980s |
Much of online advertising during this time period is done through Email, in the form of spamming.[1] Such activities have continued to this day, but became much more common after the ban against the commercial use of the internet was lifted in 1991.[2] |
1990s–
2000s |
With people now having their own websites, banner ads are used as a source of income to pay for these websites and as side money. Companies like Prodigy, Global Network Navigator (GNN), and HotWired are pioneers in the business of online advertising.[3] |
2000s–
2010s |
As more companies capable of providing advertising services emerge, several major successful companies such as Google, Facebook, Yahoo!, Microsoft, and AOL begin to dominate the market.[3] |
Timeline
Year | Month and date | Event Type | Advertisement Type | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|
1978 | May 3 | Milestone | Email marketing | The first instance of email spam is sent, the purpose of which is advertising.[1] |
1980 | Launch | N/A | Usenet, a popular discussion forum, launches, and is occasionally overwhelmed with advertising spam posts.[4] | |
1984 | Launch | Banner advertising | Prodigy launches, offering one of the first online advertising services; although these ads are always in the same spot on the screen, and are non-clickable.[4] | |
1991 | March | Milestone | N/A | The ban on commercial use on the NSFNET is lifted by the National Science Foundation (NSF).[2][5] |
1993 | Launch | Banner advertising | GNN, one of the first web publication and web advertising services, is launched by O'Reilly Media.[6] | |
1994 | Milestone | Banner advertising | The first ever clickable advertisement is sold to a Silicon Valley law firm by GNN.[7] | |
1994 | Launch | N/A | HotWired, the first commercial web magazine, launches.[6][4] | |
1994 | October 27 | Milestone | Banner advertising | The first ever banner is sold to AT&T, and is visible on the first issue of HotWired.[8][7][3] |
1995 | May | Acquisition | Banner advertising | GNN is acquired by AOL for $11 million.[9][4] |
1995 | August | Launch | Ad serving | NetGravity is founded by Paul Nakada, Tom Shields, and John Danner, and builds its ad serving product with Yahoo! as the first customer. The product, Netvertiser, launches on Yahoo! on October 23, 1995.[10] |
1996 | Launch | Association | The Interactive Advertising Bureau (IAB) launches.[11] | |
1996 | Launch | Ad serving | DoubleClick, a prominent online advertising company, launches.[4][12] DoubleClick uses the new technology of browser cookies to track users as they travel between websites.[13] | |
1996 | June | Launch | Demand-side platform | Connexity, a company providing advertising solutions for e-commerce companies, is founded.[14] |
1996 | July | Launch, Milestone | Search advertising | Yahoo! launches the very first search ads in their search engine.[15] |
1997 | Invention | Pop-up ads | Pop-up ads are invented by Ethan Zuckerman at Tripod.com, and considered to be a more aggressive and disliked advertising strategy.[16][17] | |
1998 | September 4 | Launch | N/A | Google, an online search engine, launches.[18][19] Google would later come to be the dominant player in search (and hence, search advertising) as well as display advertising. |
1998 | October 5 | New feature | Retargeting, behavioral targeting | DoubleClick launches two new products: DataBank, that allows for targeting users based on their known correlations between their activity (the types of sites they visit) and purchase patterns, and Boomerang, a retargeting solution.[20] Boomerang is the first retargeting solution.[13] |
1998 | November 5 | Acquisition | Web-ring advertising | Microsoft announces that it has acquired LinkExchange, a company that worked on monetization of web-rings.[21][22][23] |
1998 | Invention, Launch, Milestone | Ad exchange | OpenX, one of the first ad exchanges, launches as an open source project.[24] | |
1998 | Launch | Search advertising | GoTo (now Yahoo! Search Marketing), a search engine which offers search advertising, launches.[16] | |
1999 | Defunction | N/A | HotWired is shutdown after its domain is re-purposed by Lycos.[25] | |
1999 | July 13 | Acquisition | Ad serving | DoubleClick acquires NetGravity for $530 million in stock.[10][26][27][22] |
2000 | October 23 | Launch | Search advertising | Google launches the prominent AdWords service, which allows for advertising based on a user's browsing habits and their search keywords.[28][7] |
2002 | Invention, Milestone | Pop-up ads | With the annoyance brought about by pop-up ads, many prominent web browsers such as Firefox, Netscape, and Opera begin to roll out features to block these ads.[29] | |
2003 | October 7 | Acquisition | Search advertising | Overture (formerly GoTo) is acquired by Yahoo! to enrich their search engine.[30] |
2004 | February | Launch | Social media advertising | Facebook, the most popular social media network, launches.[31] |
2005 | February 14 | Launch | Banner advertising | YouTube, a popular video sharing website, launches.[32] |
2005 | Launch | Demand-side platform | Criteo, one of the first demand-side platforms, launches.[33] | |
2006 | April 10 | Launch | Mobile advertising | Mobile advertising platform AdMob launches.[34][35] |
2006 | August | Launch | Native advertising | YouTube launches its video advertising platform, which has a giant reach today.[36] |
2006 | October | Acquisition | N/A | YouTube is acquired by Google for $1.65 billion.[37] |
2006 | Invention, Launch, Milestone | Ad blocking | Adblock, a very prominent ad-blocking add-on for web browsers, is released.[38] | |
2006 | Launch | Content discovery platform | Outbrain, a notable advertising company that powers external recirculation widgets, launches.[39] | |
2007 | Launch | Content discovery platform | Taboola, a notable advertising company that powers external recirculation widgets, launches.[40][41] | |
2007 | Launch | Behavioral targeting, Social media advertising | Facebook launches Beacon, an intricate advertising platform that tracks Facebook user's activities on websites outside of Facebook.[42] | |
2007 | April | Launch | Demand-side platform | Invite Media launches. It is the creator of Bid Manager, a demand-side platform (DSP). It would eventually be acquired by Google and the Bid Manager would be rebranded as DoubleClick Bid Manager (DBM). |
2007 | April 14 | Acquisition | Ad serving | Google acquires DoubleClick, an advertising platform, for $3.1 billion.[43] |
2007 | May 1 | Launch | Ad serving | The Rubicon Project is founded as an advertising network, by Frank Addante, Craig Roah, Duc Chau and Julie Matter. |
2007 | May 18 | Acquisition | Ad serving | Microsoft acquires AQuantive, an advertising platform, for $6.5 billion.[44][45] |
2007 | July 23 | Launch | Video advertising | TubeMogul launches, initially as a cross-platform video analytics tool.[46] It would eventually become an online video advertising network and solution. |
2007 | Launch | Ad serving/demand-side platform | AppNexus, a company offering online advertising auction technology and advertising campaign management, launches. | |
2007 | Launch | Demand-side platform | MediaMath, a notable demand-side platform, launches.[47] | |
2008 | March | Launch | Demand-side platform | Rocket Fuel Inc., a notable demand-side platform, launches.[48] |
2008 | Launch | Publication | AdExchanger, a company with an eponymous website, that tracks the ad serving and ad exchange space, launches.[49] | |
2008 | Launch | Ad blocking | Rick Petnel creates Easylist, one of the most popular filter lists available for ad-blocking web browser add-ons.[50] The filter list Easylist Privacy is also available, and focuses on the blocking of web elements that may invade a user's privacy. | |
2008 | Launch | Data management platform | BlueKai, a cloud-based data management platform, launches as a marketing tech startup.[51] | |
2009 | Launch | Demand-side platform | DataXu, a software copmany that runs a real-time bidding platform and would co-found the OpenRTB Consortium, launches.[52] | |
2009 | September 18 | Launch | Ad exchange | Google launches its own ad exchange platform with DoubleClick.[53] |
2009 | November 9 | Acquisition | Mobile advertising | Google announces that it is in the process of acquiring mobile advertising platform AdMob for $750 million.[54][55] The completion of the acquisition is announced on the Google blog on May 27, 2010.[56] |
2010 | Launch | Publication | Digiday, a company and eponymous daily publication focused on digital marketing and digital media, launches. It would be one of the important publications covering news in the world of digital advertising.[57] | |
2010 | February 22 | Launch | Ad serving | Google launches DoubleClick for Publishers (DFP), an advertising software as a service, as well as the sister product, DFP Small Business.[58][59] DFP is a rebranding of the service previously called DoubleClick's DART ad server, and DFP Small Business is a rebranding of Google Ad Manager.[60] |
2010 | April 12 | Launch | Social media advertising | Twitter launches Promoted Tweets, which allows advertisers to pay for tweets to be shown in a user's feed.[61] |
2010 | May | Launch | Data management platform | Krux, a data management platform (DMP), gets seed funding.[62] |
2010 | October | Launch | End user control standard | The Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) launches the AdChoices program.[63] |
2012 | January | Launch | Real-time bidding standard | OpenRTB 2.0, a specification for real-time bidding (RTB), is released.[64] |
2013 | April 26 | Acquisition | Ad serving | Facebook acquires Atlas Solutions from Microsoft for $100 million, in order to enrich its already bustling advertising platform.[65][66][45][67] |
2013 | October | Launch | Social media advertising | Instagram, a popular image sharing platform, releases its feature of having sponsored posts appear on user's feeds.[68] |
2014 | January 16 | Open release | Real-time bidding standard | The first commit on the GitHub repository for the OpenRTB standard is recorded.[69] |
2014 | February 24 | Acquisition | Data management platform | Oracle acquires data management platform (DMP) company Bluekai.[51] |
2014 | March 24 | Launch | Social media advertising | Pinterest, a creative image sharing platform, launches it Promoted Pins service which allows for additional advertising in a user's feed.[70] |
2014 | June 23 | Launch | Ad blocking | UBlock Origin, a very prominent ad-blocking extension for web browsers, launches.[71] |
2014 | November 14 | Launch* | Ad serving | Facebook re-launches Atlas.[72] |
2015 | July 19 | New feature | Header bidding | The first commit for Prebid.js on GitHub is made by Paul Young.[73] Prebid.js is a project at AppNexus to facilitate header bidding integrations.[74][75] |
2015 | November 2 | New feature | Ad serving | Google DFP launches First Look, to allow buyers to access high-value users early on, and allow publishers to bring in high-value inventory at a higher priority than reserved impressions. Commentators view this as Google's answer to header bidding.[76] |
2016 | April 13 | New feature | Ad serving | Google announces that First Look is available to all DFP clients globally, and that it is testing exchange bidding in dynamic allocation (EBDA) with select partners, including Index Exchange and Rubicon Project.[77] The move is seen as an effort to reduce the value of or need for header bidding.[78][79] |
2016 | June 14 | Launch | Social media advertising | Snapchat, a popular messaging app, begins to include advertisements between user's "stories".[80] |
2016 | August | Major event | Ad blocking | Facebook states that they will start blocking the use of ad blocking extensions, specifically Adblock Plus and Adblock. In response to this, these ad-blockers began to block Facebook's blocking in a back-and-forth "war."[81] |
2017 | March 31 | New feature | Ad serving | Google announces that it is removing the "last-look" advantage for Ad Exchange in exchanging bidding in dynamic allocation (EBDA). Previously, all exchanges other than the Ad Exchange would have to submit bids first, and Ad Exchange would submit the final bid. Now, Ad Exchange would submit its bid along with all the other exchanges.[82][83] |
(*) Such launches are not initial launches, but rather re-launches.
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Reflections on the 25th Anniversary of Spam". www.templetons.com. Retrieved 2017-01-07.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "NSFNET - The Internet Launching Pad". www.livinginternet.com. Retrieved 2017-01-07.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "History of Online Display Advertising | Vantage Local". www.vantagelocal.com. Retrieved 2017-01-07.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 "The History of Online Advertising". AdPushup Blog. 2013-07-03. Retrieved 2017-01-07.
- ↑ "Nifty 50: THE INTERNET". www.nsf.gov. Retrieved 2017-01-07.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Electronic Commerce - CHM Revolution". www.computerhistory.org. Retrieved 2017-01-07.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 "Online advertising: A history from 1993 to the present day [infographic]". Marketing Tech News. Retrieved 2017-01-07.
- ↑ Wasserman, Todd. "This Is the World's First Banner Ad". Mashable. Retrieved 2017-01-07.
- ↑ "AOL Buys Everyone". tidbits.com. Retrieved 2017-01-07.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 "A Brief History of NetGravity". Retrieved April 3, 2017.
- ↑ "About: Our Story". Interactive Advertising Bureau. Retrieved April 3, 2017.
- ↑ "DoubleClick Inc.: Private Company Information - Bloomberg". www.bloomberg.com. Retrieved 2017-02-09.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Hallward, Derek (July 28, 2015). "A Brief History of Retargeting Cross-Device". AdBrain. Retrieved April 3, 2017.
- ↑ "About Connexity". Connexity. Retrieved April 3, 2017.
- ↑ Heine, Christopher (27 October 2014). "20 Years of Digital Advertising: From Banner Ads to Sponsored Snapchats". Adweek. Adweek. Retrieved 6 January 2017.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 Cook, Karla (12 September 2016). "A Brief History of Online Advertising". HubSpot. Retrieved 6 January 2016.
- ↑ Zuckerman, Ethan (August 14, 2014). "The Internet's Original Sin. It's not too late to ditch the ad-based business model and build a better web.". The Atlantic.
- ↑ "Company – Google". www.google.com. Retrieved 2017-01-07.
- ↑ "Google Founded By Sergey Brin, Larry Page... And Hubert Chang?!? -- InformationWeek". 2011-06-28. Retrieved 2017-02-09.
- ↑ "DoubleClick Launches Closed-Loop Marketing Solutions. Suite of New Products Answers the Question of ROI and Standardizes Ad Management for Online Advertising". DoubleClick, Inc. October 5, 1998. Retrieved April 3, 2017.
- ↑ Wingfield, Nick (November 5, 1998). "Microsoft Buys LinkExchange For About $250 Million in Stock". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved April 3, 2017.
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 "A History of Ad Tech Acquisitions". Ad Ops Insider. July 19, 2015. Retrieved April 3, 2017.
- ↑ "Microsoft Acquires LinkExchange to Greatly Expand Small-Business Services From MSN". Microsoft. November 5, 1998. Retrieved April 3, 2017.
- ↑ "Company Facts - OpenX". OpenX. Retrieved 2017-01-13.
- ↑ "20 Years Of Web Publishing: Former HotWired And Pathfinder Execs Look Back On 1994". International Business Times. 2014-12-31. Retrieved 2017-01-07.
- ↑ Petersen, Andrea (July 13, 1999). "DoubleClick to Acquire NetGravity In Push to Own Online-Ad Market". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved April 3, 2017.
- ↑ "DoubleClick, NetGravity tie". CNN. July 13, 1999. Retrieved April 3, 2017.
- ↑ "Google AdWords Turns 15: A Look Back At The Origins Of A $60 Billion Business". Search Engine Land. 2015-10-28. Retrieved 2017-01-07.
- ↑ "Pop-up ads: now even worse - Geek.com". Geek.com. 2002-12-24. Retrieved 2017-01-07.
- ↑ "Yahoo! Inc. - Press Release". 2008-03-31. Retrieved 2017-01-07.
- ↑ Phillips, Sarah (2007-07-25). "A brief history of Facebook". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2017-01-07.
- ↑ "YouTube Grows Up: A Visual History of How the Video-Sharing Site Has Changed Over The Past 8 Years - New Media Rockstars". New Media Rockstars. 2013-02-14. Retrieved 2017-01-07.
- ↑ "Performance Marketing That Drives More Sales | Criteo". www.criteo.com. Retrieved 2017-01-12.
- ↑ "AdMob: STA Travel's iPhone advertising campaign takes flight". Retrieved November 9, 2009.
- ↑ "ADMOB GOOGLE INC. :: OpenCorporates". OpenCorporates. 2015-10-10. Retrieved 2016-03-08.
- ↑ "YouTube Launches Video Ad Platform". www.mediapost.com. Retrieved 2017-01-07.
- ↑ Sorkin, Andrew Ross; Peters, Jeremy W. (2006-10-09). "Google to Acquire YouTube for $1.65 Billion". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-01-07.
- ↑ "About Adblock Plus". adblockplus.org. Retrieved 2017-01-12.
- ↑ "EP 43: Ori Lahav / OutBrain - Startup Camel Podcast". Startup Camel Podcast. 2014-10-05. Retrieved 2017-01-12.
- ↑ "Taboola | crunchbase". www.crunchbase.com. Retrieved 2017-02-09.
- ↑ "Our Story | World's Largest Discovery Platform | Taboola". www.taboola.com. Retrieved 2017-02-09.
- ↑ "Facebook's Beacon More Intrusive Than Previously Thought". PCWorld. Retrieved 2017-01-07.
- ↑ Story, Louise; Helft, Miguel (2007-04-14). "Google Buys DoubleClick for $3.1 Billion". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-01-13.
- ↑ "Microsoft to Acquire aQuantive, Inc. | News Center". news.microsoft.com. Retrieved 2017-01-07.
- ↑ 45.0 45.1 "What Facebook's Atlas Means for Brands and Agencies". Retrieved 2017-01-07.
- ↑ Nicole, Kristen (July 23, 2007). "TubeMogul Launches Cross-Network Video Tracking Tool". Mashable. Retrieved April 3, 2017.
- ↑ "About MediaMath – MediaMath". www.mediamath.com. Retrieved 2017-02-09.
- ↑ "Programmatic Marketing Company | Rocket Fuel". Rocket Fuel. Retrieved 2017-01-12.
- ↑ "About AdExchanger. An Award-Winning Media and Events Company". AdExchanger. Retrieved April 3, 2017.
- ↑ Whoriskey, Peter (2008-06-25). "One Man, One Long List, No More Web Ads". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2017-02-08.
- ↑ 51.0 51.1 Bort, Julie. "CONFIRMED: Oracle Buys Marketing Tech Startup BlueKai". BusinessInsider.com. Business Insider News. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
- ↑ "DataXu". CrunchBase. April 2014.
- ↑ "Google Launches DoubleClick Ad Exchange". Bloomberg.com. 2009-09-18. Retrieved 2017-01-13.
- ↑ "Google Acquires AdMob For $750 Million". TechCrunch. November 9, 2009. Retrieved April 3, 2017.
- ↑ Helft, Miguel (November 9, 2009). "Google Set to Acquire AdMob for $750 Million". New York Times. Retrieved April 3, 2017.
- ↑ "We've officially acquired AdMob!". Google Official Blog. May 27, 2010. Retrieved April 3, 2017.
- ↑ "About". Digiday. Retrieved April 3, 2017.
- ↑ "The next generation of ad serving for online publishers". Official Google Blog. Retrieved 2017-01-13.
- ↑ "Google Announces DoubleClick For Publishers As Yield Optimization War Continues To Heat Up". AdExchanger. February 23, 2010. Retrieved April 3, 2017.
- ↑ Schonfeld, Erick (February 22, 2010). "DART Is Now DoubleClick For Publishers, Google Ad Manager Gets Rebranded DFP Small Business". TechCrunch. Retrieved April 3, 2017.
- ↑ "Twitter launches 'promoted tweets' in a bid to make money". Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 2017-01-07.
- ↑ "About Krux". Krux. Retrieved April 3, 2017.
- ↑ "DAA Celebrates its First Anniversary". Oct 25, 2011. Retrieved June 6, 2016.
- ↑ "Real-Time Bidding (RTB) Project: OpenRTB 2.5". Interactive Advertising Bureau. Retrieved April 3, 2017.
- ↑ Kern, Eliza (2013-02-28). "Facebook purchases Microsoft's Atlas Solutions for reported $100 million". gigaom.com. Retrieved 2017-01-07.
- ↑ "About Atlas | Atlas Solutions". atlassolutions.com. Retrieved 2017-01-07.
- ↑ "Facebook to Acquire Atlas from Microsoft | Facebook Newsroom". Retrieved 2017-02-09.
- ↑ Constine, Josh; Crook, Jordan. "This Is What Instagram Ads Look Like". TechCrunch. Retrieved 2017-01-07.
- ↑ . OpenRTB via GitHub. January 16, 2014 https://github.com/openrtb/OpenRTB/commit/586b88485d931e0da54d935f12d27a9163da07cb. Retrieved April 3, 2017. Missing or empty
|title=
(help) - ↑ "Pinterest gets serious about ad revenue with new 'promoted pins'". VentureBeat. Retrieved 2017-01-12.
- ↑ "gorhill/uBlock". GitHub. Retrieved 2017-02-08.
- ↑ Marshall, Jack (2016-11-18). "Shrugging off 'Atlas,' Facebook Continues Pivot from Ad Tech". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 2017-01-07.
- ↑ "first commit: Prebid.js". Prebid.js team on GitHub. July 19, 2015. Retrieved April 3, 2017.
- ↑ Yang, Paul (August 1, 2016). "Prebid.js: a year in the life of an open-sourced ad tech project". AppNexus. Retrieved April 3, 2017.
- ↑ "News Corp. Exits Rubicon Project Investment". AdExchanger. February 13, 2017. Retrieved April 3, 2017.
- ↑ "Google Is Beta Testing Its Answer To Header Bidding, Called 'DFP First Look'". November 2, 2015. Retrieved April 3, 2017. Text "publisher AdExchanger" ignored (help)
- ↑ "Improving yield, speed and control with DoubleClick for Publishers First Look and exchange bidding". Google Official Blog. April 13, 2016. Retrieved April 3, 2017.
- ↑ O'Reilly, Lara (April 13, 2016). "Header bidding was the latest trend in ad tech designed to take on Google — now Google has effectively stamped it out". Business Insider. Retrieved April 3, 2017.
- ↑ Sluis, Sarah (April 13, 2016). "The End Of Header Bidding? Google Opens Up Dynamic Allocation To Outside Demand". AdExchanger. Retrieved April 3, 2017.
- ↑ Vincent, James (2016-06-14). "Snapchat will start showing ads between your friends' stories". The Verge. Retrieved 2017-01-07.
- ↑ "Here's Why Facebook Is Always Going to Win the Ad-Blocking War". Fortune. Retrieved 2017-02-08.
- ↑ Sluis, Sarah (March 31, 2017). "Google Removes Its 'Last-Look' Auction Advantage". AdExchanger. Retrieved April 3, 2017.
- ↑ Levine, Barry (March 31, 2017). "Countering header bidding, Google drops its 'last look' advantage. The ad giant opens a beta version of its Exchange Bidding in Dynamic Allocation.". MarTech Today. Retrieved April 3, 2017.
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