Difference between revisions of "Timeline of robotics"

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| 1954 || || || "George Devol and Joe Engleberger design the first programmable robot ‘arm’. This later became the first industrial robot, completing dangerous and repetitive tasks on an assembly line at General Motors (1962)."<ref name="The History of Roboticss"/>
 
| 1954 || || || "George Devol and Joe Engleberger design the first programmable robot ‘arm’. This later became the first industrial robot, completing dangerous and repetitive tasks on an assembly line at General Motors (1962)."<ref name="The History of Roboticss"/>
 
|-
 
|-
| 1957 || || || "The Soviet Union launches ‘Sputnik’, the first artificial orbiting satellite. This marks the beginning of the space race."<ref name="The History of Roboticss"/>
+
| 1957 || || || "The Soviet Union launches ‘Sputnik’, the first artificial orbiting satellite. This marks the beginning of the space race."<ref name="The History of Roboticss"/> "History changed on October 4, 1957, when the Soviet Union successfully launched Sputnik I. The world's first autonomous, artificial satellite was 22.8 inches in diameter and weighed only 183.9 pounds."<ref name="robotshop.coms"/>
 +
|-
 +
| Early 1960s || || || "One of the first operational, industrial robots in North America appeared in the early 1960’s in a candy factory in Kitchener, Ontario."<ref name="robotshop.coms"/>
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 1961 || || || "The first industrial robot, Unimate, starts working on an assembly line in a General Motors plant in New Jersey."<ref name="forbes.coms"/>
 
| 1961 || || || "The first industrial robot, Unimate, starts working on an assembly line in a General Motors plant in New Jersey."<ref name="forbes.coms"/>
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 1964 || || || "The IBM 360 becomes the first computer to be mass-produced."<ref name="The History of Roboticss"/>
 
| 1964 || || || "The IBM 360 becomes the first computer to be mass-produced."<ref name="The History of Roboticss"/>
 +
|-
 +
| 1964 || || || "Artificial intelligence research laboratories are opened at M.I.T., Stanford Research Institute (SRI), Stanford University, and the University of Edinburgh."<ref name="robotshop.coms"/>
 +
|-
 +
| 1965 || || || "Carnegie Mellon establishes the Robotics Institute."<ref name="robotshop.coms"/>
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 1966 || || || "Shakey the robot is the first general-purpose mobile robot to be able to reason about its own actions. In a Life magazine 1970 article about this “first electronic person,” Marvin Minsky is quoted saying with “certitude”: “In from three to eight years we will have a machine with the general intelligence of an average human being.”"<ref name="forbes.coms"/>
 
| 1966 || || || "Shakey the robot is the first general-purpose mobile robot to be able to reason about its own actions. In a Life magazine 1970 article about this “first electronic person,” Marvin Minsky is quoted saying with “certitude”: “In from three to eight years we will have a machine with the general intelligence of an average human being.”"<ref name="forbes.coms"/>
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 1968 || || || "Stanley Kubrick makes Arthur C. Clark's, 2001: A Space Odyssey into a movie. It features HAL, an onboard computer that develops a mind of its own."<ref name="The History of Roboticss"/>
 
| 1968 || || || "Stanley Kubrick makes Arthur C. Clark's, 2001: A Space Odyssey into a movie. It features HAL, an onboard computer that develops a mind of its own."<ref name="The History of Roboticss"/>
 +
|-
 +
| 1968 || || || "The first computer controlled walking machine was created by Mcgee and Frank at the University of South Carolina."<ref name="robotshop.coms"/>
 +
|-
 +
| 1968 || || || "The first manually controlled walking truck was made by R. Mosher. It could walk up to four miles an hour"<ref name="robotshop.coms"/>
 +
|-
 +
| 1968 || || || "SRI built “Shakey”; a mobile robot equipped with a vision system and controlled by a computer the size of a room."<ref name="robotshop.coms"/>
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 1969 || || || "The U.S. successfully use the latest in computing, robotic and space technology to land Neil Armstrong on the moon."<ref name="The History of Roboticss"/>
 
| 1969 || || || "The U.S. successfully use the latest in computing, robotic and space technology to land Neil Armstrong on the moon."<ref name="The History of Roboticss"/>
 +
|-
 +
| 1969 || || || "Victor Scheinman created the Stanford Arm, which was the first successful electrically-powered, computer-controlled robot arm. "<ref name="robotshop.coms"/>
 +
|-
 +
| 1969 || || || "WAP-1 became the first biped robot and was designed by Ichiro Kato. Air bags connected to the frame were used to stimulate artificial muscles [4]  WAP-3 was designed later and could walk on flat surfaces as well as climb up and down stairs or slopes. It could also turn while walking."<ref name="robotshop.coms"/>
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 1970 || || || "The first anthropomorphic robot, the WABOT-1, is built at Waseda University in Japan. It consisted of a limb-control system, a vision system and a conversation system."<ref name="forbes.coms"/>
 
| 1970 || || || "The first anthropomorphic robot, the WABOT-1, is built at Waseda University in Japan. It consisted of a limb-control system, a vision system and a conversation system."<ref name="forbes.coms"/>
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 1972 || || || "The first intelligent humanoid robot was built in Japan which was named as WABOT-1."<ref name="javatpoint.coma">{{cite web |title=History of Artificial Intelligence |url=https://www.javatpoint.com/history-of-artificial-intelligence |website=javatpoint.com |accessdate=7 February 2020}}</ref>
 
| 1972 || || || "The first intelligent humanoid robot was built in Japan which was named as WABOT-1."<ref name="javatpoint.coma">{{cite web |title=History of Artificial Intelligence |url=https://www.javatpoint.com/history-of-artificial-intelligence |website=javatpoint.com |accessdate=7 February 2020}}</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| 1973 || || || "V.S. Gurfinkel, A. Shneider, E.V. Gurfinkel and colleagues at the department of motion control at the Russian Academy of Science create the first six-legged walking vehicle"<ref name="robotshop.coms"/>
 +
|-
 +
| 1973 || || || "Ichiro Kato created WABOT I which was the first full-scale anthropomorphic robot in the world. It had a system for controlling limbs, vision, and conversation! It was estimated that it had the mental ability of a 18 month old child"<ref name="robotshop.coms"/>
 +
|-
 +
| 1973 || || || "Cincinnati Milacron released the T3, the first commercially available minicomputer-controlled industrial robot (designed by Richard Hohn)."<ref name="robotshop.coms"/>
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 1977 || || || "The first Star Wars movie is released. George Lucas‘s movie inspires a new generation of researchers through his image of a human future shared with robots such as the now famous R2-D2 and C-3PO."<ref name="The History of Roboticss"/>
 
| 1977 || || || "The first Star Wars movie is released. George Lucas‘s movie inspires a new generation of researchers through his image of a human future shared with robots such as the now famous R2-D2 and C-3PO."<ref name="The History of Roboticss"/>

Revision as of 22:20, 8 February 2020

This is a timeline of robotics.

Sample questions

The following are some interesting questions that can be answered by reading this timeline:

Big picture

Time period Development summary More details

Full timeline

Year Month and date Event type Details
320 BC "Greek philosopher Aristotle made this famous quote: “If every tool, when ordered, or even of its own accord, could do the work that befits it... then there would be no need either of apprentices for the master workers or of slaves for the lords.”"[1]
278 BC–212 BC " Archimedes (287-212BC) did not invent robots, but he did invent many mechanical systems that are used in robotics today, as well as advancing the field of mathematics."[2]
~270 BC "An ancient Greek engineer named Ctesibus made organs and water clocks with movable figures. [2] The concept for his clock was fairly simple; a reservoir with a precise hole in the bottom would take 24 hours to empty its contents. The container was marked into 24 divisions. "[2]
1495 "Around 1495 Leonardo da Vinci sketched plans for a humanoid robot."[1] "Leonardo da Vinci designed what may be the first humanoid robot though it cannot be confirmed if the design was actually ever produced. The robot was designed to sit up, wave its arms, and move its head via a flexible neck while opening and closing its jaw"[2]
1645 "Blaise Pascal invented a calculating machine to help his father with taxes. The device was called the Pascaline [9] and about 50 Pascalines were built. Only a few can be found in museums such as the one on display in the Des Arts et Metiers Museum in Paris."[2]
1666 "A pocket version of the Pascaline was invented by Samuel Morland [9] which worked “without charging the memory, disturbing the mind, or exposing the operations to any uncertainty” "[2]
1709 "Jacques de Vaucanson’s most famous creation was undoubtedly "The Duck." This mechanical device could flap its wings, eat, and digest grain. Each wing contained over four hundred moving parts and even today it remains something of a mystery. The original Duck has disappeared."[2]
1801 "Joseph-Marie Jacquard invented a machine (essentially a loom) that could be programmed to create designs that could be printed onto cloth or tissue."[2]
1865 "John Brainerd created the Steam Man apparently used to pull wheeled carts and more. In 1885, Frank Reade Jr. built the “Electric Man” which is moreor-less an electric version of the Steam Man"[2]
1903 "The first patents were awarded for the construction of a “printed wire” which came into use after World War 2. The concept was to replace radio tube with something less bulky"[2]
1913 "Henry Ford installs the world’s first moving conveyor belt-based assembly line in his car factory. A Model T can be assembled in 93 minutes."[1]
1920 "Karel Capek coins the word ‘robot’ to describe machines that resemble humans in his play called Rossums Universal Robots. The play was about a society that became enslaved by the robots that once served them. This idea is now a common theme in popular culture, ie Frankenstein, Terminator, The Matrix etc."[1]
1921 "Czech writer Karel Čapek introduces the word "robot" in his play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots). The word "robot" comes from the word "robota" (work)."[3] "The term "robot" was first used in a play called "R.U.R." or "Rossum's Universal Robots" by the Czech writer Karel Capek. The plot was simple: man creates a robot to replace him and then robot kills man!"[2]
1927 "he science-fiction film Metropolis is released. It features a robot double of a peasant girl, Maria, which unleashes chaos in Berlin of 2026—it was the first robot depicted on film, inspiring the Art Deco look of C-3PO in Star Wars."[3]
1929 "Makoto Nishimura designs Gakutensoku, Japanese for "learning from the laws of nature," the first robot built in Japan. It could change its facial expression and move its head and hands via an air pressure mechanism."[3]
1932 "The first true robot toy was produced in Japan. The ‘Lilliput’ was a wind-up toy which walked. It was made from tinplate and stood just 15cm tall."[1]
1937 "Alan Turing releases his paper “On Computable Numbers” which begins the computer revolution."[1]
1939 "Westinghouse creates ELEKTRO a human-like robot that could walk, talk, and smoke [4]. ELEKTRO was first unveiled at the 1939 world’s fair."[2]
1941 "Science fiction writer Isaac Asimov first used the word "robotics" to describe the technology of robots and predicted the rise of a powerful robot industry."[2]
1942 "Isaac Asimov wrote the "Three Laws of Robotics”. A zeroth law was later added (law zero below). :

A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. A robot must obey any orders given to it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with the First Law. A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law."[2]

1942 "The first “programmable” mechanism, a paint-sprayer, was designed by Willard Pollard and Harold Roselund for the DeVilbiss Company. (US Patent No. 2,286,571)."[2]
1946 "George Devol patented a general purpose playback device for controlling machines using magnetic recordings."[2]
1947 "On November 14, 1947, Walter Brattain had an accident while trying to study how electrons acted on the surface of a semiconductor. This accident brought about the creation of the first transistor."[2]
1948 "W. Grey Walter created his first robots; Elmer and Elsie, also known as the turtle robots. The robots were capable of finding their charging station when their battery power ran low."[2]
1950 "Alan Turing proposes a test to determine if a machine truly has the power to think for itself. To pass the test a machine must be indistinguishable from a human during conversation. It has become known as the ‘Turing Test’."[1]
1951 "Raymond Goertz designed the first tele-operated articulated arm for the Atomic Energy Commission. This is generally regarded as a major milestone in force feedback (haptic) technology. (US Patent 2679940)"[2]
1954 "George Devol and Joe Engleberger design the first programmable robot ‘arm’. This later became the first industrial robot, completing dangerous and repetitive tasks on an assembly line at General Motors (1962)."[1]
1957 "The Soviet Union launches ‘Sputnik’, the first artificial orbiting satellite. This marks the beginning of the space race."[1] "History changed on October 4, 1957, when the Soviet Union successfully launched Sputnik I. The world's first autonomous, artificial satellite was 22.8 inches in diameter and weighed only 183.9 pounds."[2]
Early 1960s "One of the first operational, industrial robots in North America appeared in the early 1960’s in a candy factory in Kitchener, Ontario."[2]
1961 "The first industrial robot, Unimate, starts working on an assembly line in a General Motors plant in New Jersey."[3]
1964 "The IBM 360 becomes the first computer to be mass-produced."[1]
1964 "Artificial intelligence research laboratories are opened at M.I.T., Stanford Research Institute (SRI), Stanford University, and the University of Edinburgh."[2]
1965 "Carnegie Mellon establishes the Robotics Institute."[2]
1966 "Shakey the robot is the first general-purpose mobile robot to be able to reason about its own actions. In a Life magazine 1970 article about this “first electronic person,” Marvin Minsky is quoted saying with “certitude”: “In from three to eight years we will have a machine with the general intelligence of an average human being.”"[3]
1968 "Stanley Kubrick makes Arthur C. Clark's, 2001: A Space Odyssey into a movie. It features HAL, an onboard computer that develops a mind of its own."[1]
1968 "The first computer controlled walking machine was created by Mcgee and Frank at the University of South Carolina."[2]
1968 "The first manually controlled walking truck was made by R. Mosher. It could walk up to four miles an hour"[2]
1968 "SRI built “Shakey”; a mobile robot equipped with a vision system and controlled by a computer the size of a room."[2]
1969 "The U.S. successfully use the latest in computing, robotic and space technology to land Neil Armstrong on the moon."[1]
1969 "Victor Scheinman created the Stanford Arm, which was the first successful electrically-powered, computer-controlled robot arm. "[2]
1969 "WAP-1 became the first biped robot and was designed by Ichiro Kato. Air bags connected to the frame were used to stimulate artificial muscles [4] WAP-3 was designed later and could walk on flat surfaces as well as climb up and down stairs or slopes. It could also turn while walking."[2]
1970 "The first anthropomorphic robot, the WABOT-1, is built at Waseda University in Japan. It consisted of a limb-control system, a vision system and a conversation system."[3]
1972 "The first intelligent humanoid robot was built in Japan which was named as WABOT-1."[4]
1973 "V.S. Gurfinkel, A. Shneider, E.V. Gurfinkel and colleagues at the department of motion control at the Russian Academy of Science create the first six-legged walking vehicle"[2]
1973 "Ichiro Kato created WABOT I which was the first full-scale anthropomorphic robot in the world. It had a system for controlling limbs, vision, and conversation! It was estimated that it had the mental ability of a 18 month old child"[2]
1973 "Cincinnati Milacron released the T3, the first commercially available minicomputer-controlled industrial robot (designed by Richard Hohn)."[2]
1977 "The first Star Wars movie is released. George Lucas‘s movie inspires a new generation of researchers through his image of a human future shared with robots such as the now famous R2-D2 and C-3PO."[1]
1986 "The first LEGO based educational products are put on the market and Honda launches a project to build a walking humanoid robot."[1]
1990 "Rodney Brooks publishes “Elephants Don’t Play Chess,” proposing a new approach to AI—building intelligent systems, specifically robots, from the ground up and on the basis of ongoing physical interaction with the environment: “The world is its own best model… The trick is to sense it appropriately and often enough.”"[3]
1994 "Carnegie Universities eight-legged walking robot, Dante ll, successfully descends into Mt Spur to collect volcanic gas samples."[1]
1997 "On May 11, a computer built by IBM known as Deep Blue beat world chess champion Garry Kasparov. The first Robocup tournament is held in Japan. The goal of Robocup is to have a fully automated team of robots beat the worlds best soccer team by the year 2050."[1]
1998 "LEGO launches its first Robotics Inventions System."[1]
1999 "Sony releases the first version of AIBO, a robotic dog with the ability to learn, entertain and communicate with its owner. More advanced versions have followed."[1]
2000 "MIT’s Cynthia Breazeal develops Kismet, a robot that could recognize and simulate emotions."[5]
2000 "Honda's ASIMO robot, an artificially intelligent humanoid robot, is able to walk as fast as a human, delivering trays to customers in a restaurant setting."[5] "Honda debuts ASIMO, the next generation in its series of humanoid robots."[1]
2004 "Epsom release the smallest known robot, standing 7cm high and weighing just 10 grams. The robot helicopter is intended to be used as a ‘flying camera’ during natural disasters."[1]
2005 "Researchers at Cornell University build the first self-replicating robot. Each ‘robot’ is made up of a small tower of computerized cubes which link together through the use of magnets."[1]
2008 "After being first introduced in 2002, the popular Roomba robotic vacuum cleaner has sold over 2.5 million units, proving that there is a strong demand for this type of domestic robotic technology."[1]

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How the timeline was built

The initial version of the timeline was written by User:Sebastian.

Funding information for this timeline is available.

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See also

External links

References

  1. 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 "The History of Robotics". sciencekids.co.nz. Retrieved 9 February 2020. 
  2. 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.26 2.27 2.28 2.29 "History of Robotics: Timeline" (PDF). robotshop.com. Retrieved 9 February 2020. 
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 "A Very Short History Of Artificial Intelligence (AI)". forbes.com. Retrieved 7 February 2020. 
  4. "History of Artificial Intelligence". javatpoint.com. Retrieved 7 February 2020. 
  5. 5.0 5.1 "The History of Artificial Intelligence". harvard.edu. Retrieved 7 February 2020.