Difference between revisions of "Timeline of the National Institutes of Health"

From Timelines
Jump to: navigation, search
Line 4: Line 4:
 
| 1730 || Antecedent || A federal role in public health begins when Pennsylvania starts collection of money to support medical treatment of sailors in hospitals.<ref name="A federal role begins">{{cite web|url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/nih_origins/federal.html|title=A federal role begins|website=nih.gov|accessdate=21 March 2017}}</ref> ||  
 
| 1730 || Antecedent || A federal role in public health begins when Pennsylvania starts collection of money to support medical treatment of sailors in hospitals.<ref name="A federal role begins">{{cite web|url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/nih_origins/federal.html|title=A federal role begins|website=nih.gov|accessdate=21 March 2017}}</ref> ||  
 
|-
 
|-
| 1797 || || In July, the first medical journal is published in the United States. ''The Medical Repository'' is the precursor of 249 private medical journals that would be printed in principal American cities between 1800 and 1850, informing the public on progress in the health field and giving physicians a chance to tell of their own and of European researches and observations.<ref name="A federal role begins"/> ||  
+
| 1797 || Antecedent || In July, the first medical journal is published in the United States. ''The Medical Repository'' is the precursor of 249 private medical journals that would be printed in principal American cities between 1800 and 1850, informing the public on progress in the health field and giving physicians a chance to tell of their own and of European researches and observations.<ref name="A federal role begins"/> ||  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 1798 || Antecedent || United States president John Adams signs the first Federal public health law, "An act for the relief of sick and disabled Seamen."<ref name="A federal role begins"/> ||  
 
| 1798 || Antecedent || United States president John Adams signs the first Federal public health law, "An act for the relief of sick and disabled Seamen."<ref name="A federal role begins"/> ||  
Line 10: Line 10:
 
| 1887 || Foundation || A one-room laboratory is created as an experiment within the Marine Hospital Service (MHS), which is charged with preventing people with cholera, yellow fever, and other diseases from entering the United States.<ref name="Encyclopedia of Epidemiology"/><ref>{{cite web|title=History|url=https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/who-we-are/history|website=nih.gov|accessdate=20 March 2017}}</ref>  || [[Staten Island]], [[New York City]]<ref name="Encyclopedia of Epidemiology"/>  
 
| 1887 || Foundation || A one-room laboratory is created as an experiment within the Marine Hospital Service (MHS), which is charged with preventing people with cholera, yellow fever, and other diseases from entering the United States.<ref name="Encyclopedia of Epidemiology"/><ref>{{cite web|title=History|url=https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/who-we-are/history|website=nih.gov|accessdate=20 March 2017}}</ref>  || [[Staten Island]], [[New York City]]<ref name="Encyclopedia of Epidemiology"/>  
 
|-
 
|-
| 1891 || || The laboratory is renamed Hygienic Laboratory and moves to Washington, D.C.<ref name="History of Ophthalmology: Sub auspiciis Academiae Ophthalmologicae Internationalis">{{cite book|title=History of Ophthalmology: Sub auspiciis Academiae Ophthalmologicae Internationalis|edition=Daniel M. Albert|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=3LqLBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA130&lpg=PA130&dq=%22hygienic+laboratory%22+%22in+1888..1905%22+%22joseph+kinyoun%22&source=bl&ots=QR9PZ22fsa&sig=JGhZ0beGpDN5pui7o7RS7-CNb74&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjSk6XxveXSAhUCjJAKHW2RAEoQ6AEIMDAE#v=onepage&q=%22hygienic%20laboratory%22%20%22in%201888..1905%22%20%22joseph%20kinyoun%22&f=false|accessdate=20 March 2017}}</ref> ||  
+
| 1891 || Reform || The laboratory is renamed Hygienic Laboratory and moves to Washington, D.C.<ref name="History of Ophthalmology: Sub auspiciis Academiae Ophthalmologicae Internationalis">{{cite book|title=History of Ophthalmology: Sub auspiciis Academiae Ophthalmologicae Internationalis|edition=Daniel M. Albert|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=3LqLBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA130&lpg=PA130&dq=%22hygienic+laboratory%22+%22in+1888..1905%22+%22joseph+kinyoun%22&source=bl&ots=QR9PZ22fsa&sig=JGhZ0beGpDN5pui7o7RS7-CNb74&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjSk6XxveXSAhUCjJAKHW2RAEoQ6AEIMDAE#v=onepage&q=%22hygienic%20laboratory%22%20%22in%201888..1905%22%20%22joseph%20kinyoun%22&f=false|accessdate=20 March 2017}}</ref> ||  
 
|-
 
|-
| 1901 || || The United States Congress authorizes a $35,000 budget for the laboratory.<ref name="Encyclopedia of Epidemiology"/> ||  
+
| 1901 || Policy || The United States Congress authorizes a $35,000 budget for the laboratory.<ref name="Encyclopedia of Epidemiology"/> ||  
 
|-
 
|-
| 1901 || || The Marine Hospital Service becomes the Public Health and Marine Hospital Service (in 1912 the Public Health Service becomes a separate agency).<ref name="History of Ophthalmology: Sub auspiciis Academiae Ophthalmologicae Internationalis"/> ||  
+
| 1901 || Reform || The Marine Hospital Service becomes the Public Health and Marine Hospital Service (in 1912 the Public Health Service becomes a separate agency).<ref name="History of Ophthalmology: Sub auspiciis Academiae Ophthalmologicae Internationalis"/> ||  
 
|-
 
|-
| 1902 || || The laboratory formalizes its divisions. The Division of Pathology and Bacteriology is joined by the Divisions of Chemistry, Zoology and Pharmacology. In order to emphazise the importance of basic research, the professional staff is filled out with scientists with doctoral degrees rather than physicians.<ref name="Encyclopedia of Epidemiology"/> ||  
+
| 1902 || Reform || The laboratory formalizes its divisions. The Division of Pathology and Bacteriology is joined by the Divisions of Chemistry, Zoology and Pharmacology. In order to emphazise the importance of basic research, the professional staff is filled out with scientists with doctoral degrees rather than physicians.<ref name="Encyclopedia of Epidemiology"/> ||  
 
|-
 
|-
| 1906 || || Hygienic Laboratory workers identify the milk supply as the cause in spreading typhoid in Washington D.C.<ref name="Encyclopedia of Epidemiology"/> ||  
+
| 1906 || Scientific development || Hygienic Laboratory workers identify the milk supply as the cause in spreading typhoid in Washington D.C.<ref name="Encyclopedia of Epidemiology"/> ||  
 
|-
 
|-
| 1930 || || The Randsell Act is enacted and redesignates the Laboratory of Hygiene as the National Institute (singular) of Health. The United States Congress authorizes the payout of fellowship money for basic research, authorizing building construction money and creating a system of fellowships.<ref name="Encyclopedia of Epidemiology">{{cite book|last1=|first1=|title=Encyclopedia of Epidemiology|edition=Sarah Boslaugh|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=A1F2AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA715&lpg=PA715&dq=1930+Congress+changes+the+name+of+the+Hygienic+Laboratory+to+the+National+Institute+of+Health.&source=bl&ots=WkpSAILhW5&sig=n_8lr_sRdZBr7RHwii6xDR4Oz68&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiNzJntuOXSAhWEPpAKHW8ZDrUQ6AEIMzAE#v=onepage&q=1930%20Congress%20changes%20the%20name%20of%20the%20Hygienic%20Laboratory%20to%20the%20National%20Institute%20of%20Health.&f=false|accessdate=20 March 2017}}</ref><ref name="History of Ophthalmology: Sub auspiciis Academiae Ophthalmologicae Internationalis"/><ref name="The National Institute of Health 1930">{{cite web|website=nih.gov|title=Origin of the National Institutes of Health|url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/nih_origins/NIH.html||accessdate=21 March 2017}}</ref> ||  
+
| 1930 || Reform || The Randsell Act is enacted and redesignates the Laboratory of Hygiene as the National Institute (singular) of Health. The United States Congress authorizes the payout of fellowship money for basic research, authorizing building construction money and creating a system of fellowships.<ref name="Encyclopedia of Epidemiology">{{cite book|last1=|first1=|title=Encyclopedia of Epidemiology|edition=Sarah Boslaugh|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=A1F2AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA715&lpg=PA715&dq=1930+Congress+changes+the+name+of+the+Hygienic+Laboratory+to+the+National+Institute+of+Health.&source=bl&ots=WkpSAILhW5&sig=n_8lr_sRdZBr7RHwii6xDR4Oz68&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiNzJntuOXSAhWEPpAKHW8ZDrUQ6AEIMzAE#v=onepage&q=1930%20Congress%20changes%20the%20name%20of%20the%20Hygienic%20Laboratory%20to%20the%20National%20Institute%20of%20Health.&f=false|accessdate=20 March 2017}}</ref><ref name="History of Ophthalmology: Sub auspiciis Academiae Ophthalmologicae Internationalis"/><ref name="The National Institute of Health 1930">{{cite web|website=nih.gov|title=Origin of the National Institutes of Health|url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/nih_origins/NIH.html||accessdate=21 March 2017}}</ref> ||  
 
|-
 
|-
| 1931 || || Research begins at the NIH, discovering fluoride effective enough to prevent tooth decay. From then on, successful scientific investigations at NIH would lead to the discovery and eradication of a number of diseases, including undulant fever, pellagra and psittacosis. Researchers would often contract the diseases they study.<ref name="The National Institute of Health 1930"/> ||  
+
| 1931 || Scientific development || Research begins at the NIH, discovering fluoride effective enough to prevent tooth decay. From then on, successful scientific investigations at NIH would lead to the discovery and eradication of a number of diseases, including undulant fever, pellagra and psittacosis. Researchers would often contract the diseases they study.<ref name="The National Institute of Health 1930"/> ||  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 1937 || Foundation || The National Institute of Health moves to Bethesda, Maryland. Also, the National Cancer Institute is founded (by 1944 it would become part of the National Institute of Health.<ref name="History of Ophthalmology: Sub auspiciis Academiae Ophthalmologicae Internationalis"/><ref name="Encyclopedia of Epidemiology"/> ||  
 
| 1937 || Foundation || The National Institute of Health moves to Bethesda, Maryland. Also, the National Cancer Institute is founded (by 1944 it would become part of the National Institute of Health.<ref name="History of Ophthalmology: Sub auspiciis Academiae Ophthalmologicae Internationalis"/><ref name="Encyclopedia of Epidemiology"/> ||  
 +
|-
 +
| 1946 || Foundation || The Center for Scientific Review (CSR) is established as a center of the NIH.<ref name="List of NIH Institutes, Centers, and Offices"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 1948 || Foundation || The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) are established the same year as institutes of the NIH.<ref name="List of NIH Institutes, Centers, and Offices"/> ||  
 
| 1948 || Foundation || The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) are established the same year as institutes of the NIH.<ref name="List of NIH Institutes, Centers, and Offices"/> ||  
Line 38: Line 40:
 
| 1964 || Foundation || The Center for Information Technology (CIT) is established as a center of the NIH.<ref name="List of NIH Institutes, Centers, and Offices"/> ||  
 
| 1964 || Foundation || The Center for Information Technology (CIT) is established as a center of the NIH.<ref name="List of NIH Institutes, Centers, and Offices"/> ||  
 
|-
 
|-
| 1966 || || The National Institute of Health budget surpasses one billion dolars.<ref name="Encyclopedia of Epidemiology"/> ||  
+
| 1966 || Policy || The National Institute of Health budget surpasses one billion dolars.<ref name="Encyclopedia of Epidemiology"/> ||  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 1968 || Foundation || The Fogarty International Center (FIC) is established as an institute of the NIH.<ref name="List of NIH Institutes, Centers, and Offices"/> Starting with a budget of $500,000 the first year, today the center's research, training and capacity-building enterprise extends to over 100 countries and involves some 5,000 scientists in the U.S. and abroad.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fic.nih.gov/About/Pages/History.aspx|title= History of the Fogarty International Center|website=nih.gov|accessdate=21 March 2017}}</ref>  ||  
 
| 1968 || Foundation || The Fogarty International Center (FIC) is established as an institute of the NIH.<ref name="List of NIH Institutes, Centers, and Offices"/> Starting with a budget of $500,000 the first year, today the center's research, training and capacity-building enterprise extends to over 100 countries and involves some 5,000 scientists in the U.S. and abroad.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fic.nih.gov/About/Pages/History.aspx|title= History of the Fogarty International Center|website=nih.gov|accessdate=21 March 2017}}</ref>  ||  
Line 56: Line 58:
 
| 1989 || Foundation || The National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) is established as an institute of the NIH. From its inception, the NHGRI would carry the role of the NIH in the Human Genome Project, having a strong participation. The same year, the NIH-DOE Ethical, Legal and Social Implications (ELSI) working group is created to examine and put forward options for the development of the ELSI component of the Human Genome Project. <ref name="List of NIH Institutes, Centers, and Offices"/><ref>{{cite web|title=The Human Genome Project Completion: Frequently Asked Questions|url=https://www.genome.gov/11006943/human-genome-project-completion-frequently-asked-questions/|accessdate=21 March 2017|website=genome.gov}}</ref> ||  
 
| 1989 || Foundation || The National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) is established as an institute of the NIH. From its inception, the NHGRI would carry the role of the NIH in the Human Genome Project, having a strong participation. The same year, the NIH-DOE Ethical, Legal and Social Implications (ELSI) working group is created to examine and put forward options for the development of the ELSI component of the Human Genome Project. <ref name="List of NIH Institutes, Centers, and Offices"/><ref>{{cite web|title=The Human Genome Project Completion: Frequently Asked Questions|url=https://www.genome.gov/11006943/human-genome-project-completion-frequently-asked-questions/|accessdate=21 March 2017|website=genome.gov}}</ref> ||  
 
|-
 
|-
| 1990 || || The Human Genome Project officially launches.<ref name="National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI)">{{cite web|url=https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/what-we-do/nih-almanac/national-human-genome-research-institute-nhgri|title=National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI)|website=nih.gov|accessdate=21 March 2017}}</ref> ||
+
| 1990 || Program launch || The Human Genome Project officially launches.<ref name="National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI)">{{cite web|url=https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/what-we-do/nih-almanac/national-human-genome-research-institute-nhgri|title=National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI)|website=nih.gov|accessdate=21 March 2017}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 1999 || Foundation || The National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) is established as a center of the NIH.<ref name="List of NIH Institutes, Centers, and Offices"/> Its funding ranges from $50 million in 1999 to $128.8 million in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nccih.nih.gov/about/budget/appropriations.htm#note1|title=NCCIH Funding: Appropriations History|website=nih.gov|accessdate=21 March 2017}}</ref> ||
 
| 1999 || Foundation || The National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) is established as a center of the NIH.<ref name="List of NIH Institutes, Centers, and Offices"/> Its funding ranges from $50 million in 1999 to $128.8 million in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nccih.nih.gov/about/budget/appropriations.htm#note1|title=NCCIH Funding: Appropriations History|website=nih.gov|accessdate=21 March 2017}}</ref> ||

Revision as of 16:07, 21 March 2017

Year/period Type of event Event Location
1730 Antecedent A federal role in public health begins when Pennsylvania starts collection of money to support medical treatment of sailors in hospitals.[1]
1797 Antecedent In July, the first medical journal is published in the United States. The Medical Repository is the precursor of 249 private medical journals that would be printed in principal American cities between 1800 and 1850, informing the public on progress in the health field and giving physicians a chance to tell of their own and of European researches and observations.[1]
1798 Antecedent United States president John Adams signs the first Federal public health law, "An act for the relief of sick and disabled Seamen."[1]
1887 Foundation A one-room laboratory is created as an experiment within the Marine Hospital Service (MHS), which is charged with preventing people with cholera, yellow fever, and other diseases from entering the United States.[2][3] Staten Island, New York City[2]
1891 Reform The laboratory is renamed Hygienic Laboratory and moves to Washington, D.C.[4]
1901 Policy The United States Congress authorizes a $35,000 budget for the laboratory.[2]
1901 Reform The Marine Hospital Service becomes the Public Health and Marine Hospital Service (in 1912 the Public Health Service becomes a separate agency).[4]
1902 Reform The laboratory formalizes its divisions. The Division of Pathology and Bacteriology is joined by the Divisions of Chemistry, Zoology and Pharmacology. In order to emphazise the importance of basic research, the professional staff is filled out with scientists with doctoral degrees rather than physicians.[2]
1906 Scientific development Hygienic Laboratory workers identify the milk supply as the cause in spreading typhoid in Washington D.C.[2]
1930 Reform The Randsell Act is enacted and redesignates the Laboratory of Hygiene as the National Institute (singular) of Health. The United States Congress authorizes the payout of fellowship money for basic research, authorizing building construction money and creating a system of fellowships.[2][4][5]
1931 Scientific development Research begins at the NIH, discovering fluoride effective enough to prevent tooth decay. From then on, successful scientific investigations at NIH would lead to the discovery and eradication of a number of diseases, including undulant fever, pellagra and psittacosis. Researchers would often contract the diseases they study.[5]
1937 Foundation The National Institute of Health moves to Bethesda, Maryland. Also, the National Cancer Institute is founded (by 1944 it would become part of the National Institute of Health.[4][2]
1946 Foundation The Center for Scientific Review (CSR) is established as a center of the NIH.[6]
1948 Foundation The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) are established the same year as institutes of the NIH.[6]
1950 Foundation The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) are established as institutes of the NIH.[6]
1953 Foundation The NIH Clinical Center (CC) is established as a center of the NIH.[6]
1956 Foundation The National Library of Medicine (NLM) is established as an institute of the NIH.[6]
1962 Foundation The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) and the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) are established as institutes of the NIH.[6]
1964 Foundation The Center for Information Technology (CIT) is established as a center of the NIH.[6]
1966 Policy The National Institute of Health budget surpasses one billion dolars.[2]
1968 Foundation The Fogarty International Center (FIC) is established as an institute of the NIH.[6] Starting with a budget of $500,000 the first year, today the center's research, training and capacity-building enterprise extends to over 100 countries and involves some 5,000 scientists in the U.S. and abroad.[7]
1968 Foundation The National Eye Institute (NEI) is established. It is incorporated as one of the Federal government's National Institutes of Health (NIH).[6][8]
1969 Foundation The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) is established as an institute of the NIH.[6]
1970 Foundation The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) is established as an institute of the NIH. It conducts research focused on improving the treatment and prevention of alcoholism and alcohol-related problems.[6]
1974 Foundation The National Institute on Aging (NIA) and the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) are established as institutes of the NIH. [6]
1986 Foundation The National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) and the National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) are established institutes of the NIH.[6]
1988 Foundation The National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) is established as an institute of the NIH.[6]
1989 Foundation The National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) is established as an institute of the NIH. From its inception, the NHGRI would carry the role of the NIH in the Human Genome Project, having a strong participation. The same year, the NIH-DOE Ethical, Legal and Social Implications (ELSI) working group is created to examine and put forward options for the development of the ELSI component of the Human Genome Project. [6][9]
1990 Program launch The Human Genome Project officially launches.[10]
1999 Foundation The National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) is established as a center of the NIH.[6] Its funding ranges from $50 million in 1999 to $128.8 million in 2010.[11]
2000 Foundation The National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB) is established as an institute of the NIH.[6]
2008 Policy The NIH Public Access policy is enacted. It would require all NIH-funded researchers to deposit electronic copies of their peer-reviewed manuscripts into the National Library of Medicine’s online archive, PubMed Central (PMC). Full texts of the articles would be made publicly available and searchable online in PMC no later than 12 months after publication in a journal.[12]
2011 Foundation The National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) is established as a center of the NIH.[6]

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 "A federal role begins". nih.gov. Retrieved 21 March 2017. 
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Encyclopedia of Epidemiology (Sarah Boslaugh ed.). Retrieved 20 March 2017. 
  3. "History". nih.gov. Retrieved 20 March 2017. 
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 History of Ophthalmology: Sub auspiciis Academiae Ophthalmologicae Internationalis (Daniel M. Albert ed.). Retrieved 20 March 2017. 
  5. 5.0 5.1 "Origin of the National Institutes of Health". nih.gov. Retrieved 21 March 2017. 
  6. 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 6.11 6.12 6.13 6.14 6.15 6.16 6.17 "List of NIH Institutes, Centers, and Offices". nih.gov. Retrieved 20 March 2017. 
  7. "History of the Fogarty International Center". nih.gov. Retrieved 21 March 2017. 
  8. "National Institutes of Health: National Eye Institute - AFB Directory Profile". American Foundation for the Blind. Retrieved 20 March 2017. 
  9. "The Human Genome Project Completion: Frequently Asked Questions". genome.gov. Retrieved 21 March 2017. 
  10. "National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI)". nih.gov. Retrieved 21 March 2017. 
  11. "NCCIH Funding: Appropriations History". nih.gov. Retrieved 21 March 2017. 
  12. "The US National Institutes of Health Public Access Policy". sparcopen.org. The Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition. Retrieved 21 March 2017.