Timeline of vegetarianism and veganism
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This is a timeline of FIXME.
Contents
Big picture
Time period | Development summary |
---|---|
18th century | "Historian Dr Catherine Oliver suggests that 18th Century philosopher Jeremy Bentham is the earliest notable proponent of likening animal suffering to that of humans: “The question is not ‘can they reason?’ Nor, ‘can they talk?’ But, ‘can they suffer?’ Dr Oliver told The Independent that veganism today is being increasingly situated “not as a diet but as a social justice issue”."[1] |
19th century | Vegetarianism establishes itself as a significant movement in England and the United States.[2] |
20th century | |
21st century | The vegan diet becomes increasingly mainstream in the 2010s.[3][4][5] especially in the latter half.[4][6] |
Full timeline
Year | Event type | Details | Location |
---|---|---|---|
3300 BC–1300 BC | The practice of veganism is already identified in the Indus Valley Civilization in the Indian subcontinent[7][8][9] particularly in northern and western ancient India.[10] | India | |
877 BC–777 BC | Early Jain called Parshvanatha teaches followers about ahimsa (non-violence), one of the cornerstone beliefs meaning non-violence to living forms.[1] | India | |
520BC | "CYRUS THE GREAT (520 B.C. born) Emperor of Persia, who conquered many lands and raised Persia from an obscure country into a great Empire was not only vegetarian himself but ordered his soldiers also strictly to adhere to this diet. His army conquered wherever it went, Xenophen says that Cyrus was brought up upon a diet of bread, cresses, and water till the age of fifteen, when honey and raisins were added."[11] | ||
500 BC | Greek philosopher Pythagoras promotes benevolence among all species and follows what could be described as a vegetarian diet.[12] " In 500 BCE, the Greek mathematician Pythagoras advocated the idea that all animals had immortal souls which would be reincarnated after death. He shunned harming animals and along with the mythical poet Orpheus, also abstained from eggs. "[1] | Greece | |
484BC–425BC | "HERODOTUS (484-425 B.C.) - the Father of History; a very abstemious vegetarian, often partaking of but one meal per day and that of parched wheat and fruit. He abhorred the killing of the innocent grazing herds, still more the bloody sacrifices seen about the Temples, and still more the eating of the flesh sacrificed to the Gods."[11] | ||
221BC–206BC | "Chin Dynasty was very short (221 BC -206 BC). A general killed the emperor and the other general built Han Dynasty replaced Chin Dynasty. During Han Dynasty (206 BC until 221), vegetarianism was back. It was because the Buddhism Missionaries started to come to China from India (68)."[13] | China | |
106BC–423BC | "CICERO (106-43 B.C.) the greet Roman Orator and Statesman :
"Man is destined to a better occupation than that of pursuing and cutting the throat of dumb creatures." " Nothing cruel is useful or expedient.""[11] || | ||
43BC–18AD | "OVID (43 B.C. to 18 A.D.) - a popular Roman poet, wrote in a day when it was considered a fine spectacle for men and animals to fight together till the death. Of Pythagoras he said:"[11] | ||
5BC–65AD | "SENECA [5 B.C.- 65 A.D.] One of the most eminent of the Roman Stoics, Tutor of young Nero and his chief advisor, an ardent vegetarian, created a vegetarian cult in the Court at the time of the most voluptuous period in history. But since the early Christians mere vegetarian, the Emperor's suspicions were aroused that Seneca also was a Christian, and so Seneca returned to flesh-eating. Later still Nero condemned him to death through jealousy of his musical performances in which Nero alone wished to excel, so his martyrdom might have come the sooner and in a better cause. However, some of the finest passages written on this subject have been by Seneca"[11] | ||
40AD–120AD | "PLUTARCH (40 to 120 A.D. approx.) Prince of Biographers and Historians. His essay on flesh eating contains arguments for vegetarianism not superseded. A few excerpts follow :" ""Alas for our savage inhumanity! It is a terrible thing to see the table of rich men decked out by those layers-out of corpses: the butchers and cooks; a still more terrible sight is the same table after the feast - for the wasted relics are even more than the consumption. These victims, then, have given us their lives uselessly. As other times, from mere niggardliness, the host will grudge to distribute his dishes, and yet he grudged not to deprive innocent beings of their existence!"[11] | ||
520 | "In 520, Boddhidharma, the 28th Master after Buddha, came from India and gave back The Way of Prophet. He taught Chan (or Zen in Japanese). Zen is the Real Teaching of Buddha, the Lost Teaching of Tao. Boddhidharma not only taught vegetarianism but also taught Zen monks the martial arts in Shao Lin temple for defense."[13] | India | |
973–1057 | Arab poet al-Maʿarri is recognized as one of the earliest known vegans.[14] | ||
1806 | "Fast forward to 1806 CE and the earliest concepts of veganism are just starting to take shape, with Dr William Lambe and Percy Bysshe Shelley amongst the first Europeans to publicly object to eggs and dairy on ethical grounds."[12] | ||
1813 | Literature | English poet Percy Bysshe Shelley publishes A Vindication of Natural Diet, advocating "abstinence from animal food and spirituous liquors". | |
1815 | " in 1815, William Lambe, a London physician, claimed that his "water and vegetable diet" could cure anything from tuberculosis to acne."[15] | United Kingdom | |
1839 | "The term "vegetarian" has been in use since around 1839 to refer to what was previously described as a vegetable regimen or diet."[16] | ||
1850 | American Vegetarian Association. | United States | |
1882 | Organization | French Vegetarian Society | France |
1892 | Organization | ProVeg Germany | Germany |
1894 | Organization | Dutch Vegetarian League is founded. | Netherlands |
1908 | International Vegetarian Union.[17] | Germany | |
1908 | Organization | World Esperantist Vegetarian Association | |
1935 | The Vegetarian Society states: "The lacto-vegetarians, on the whole, do not defend the practice of consuming the dairy products except on the ground of expediency."[18] | ||
1943 | Organization | New Zealand Vegetarian Society | New Zeland |
1944 | "Donald Watson coined the term vegan in 1944 when he co-founded the Vegan Society" in England. At first he used it to mean "non-dairy vegetarian",[19][20] "The term “veganism” itself however, was coined much more recently. In 1944, carpenter Donald Watson and his wife Dot invented the word to mark the “beginning and end of vegetarianism”. Watson decided to become a vegan after he saw and heard the death of a pig on his uncle’s farm."[1] | ||
1944 | Organization | The Vegan Society is founded. | |
1945 | " and by May 1945 vegans explicitly abstained from "eggs, honey; and animals' milk, butter and cheese"." | ||
1951 | "From 1951 the Society defined it as "the doctrine that man should live without exploiting animals".[21] Interest in veganism increased in the 2010s,"[3][4] especially in the latter half.[4] | ||
1952 | Italian Vegetarian Association | Italy | |
1957 | World Vegetarian Congress 1957 | ||
1960 | Organization | The American Vegan Society is founded. | United States |
1974 | Organization | Hare Krishna Food for Life} | India |
1975 | Organization | Jewish Veg is founded. | |
1978 | Organization | The Dutch Society for Veganism is founded. | Netherlands |
1980 | Organization | People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) | |
1984 | Organization | Movement for Compassionate Living is founded. | |
1988 | Organization | European Vegetarian Union is founded. | Netherlands |
1993 | Organization | Vegan Outreach is founded. | United States |
1993 | Organization | Swissveg | Switzerland |
1994 | Organization | Vegan Prisoners Support Group is founded. | |
1994 | Organization | Association Végétarienne de France | France |
1994 | World Vegan Day. | ||
1994 | Organization | Christian Vegetarian Association | United States |
1995 | Organization | Vegan Awareness Foundation is founded. | United States |
1999 | ORganization | Vegetarian Society (Singapore) | Singapore |
2000 | Organization | Ethical Vegetarian Alternative | Belgium |
2000 | Organization | Tibetan Volunteers for Animals | |
2002 | Activism | Meet Your Meat. | |
2003 | Meatless Monday was founded in 2003 | ||
2004–2018 | "Search data from Google Trends shows an impressive worldwide increase in the interest in veganism from 2004 to 2018. Top regions include Israel, Australia, Canada, Austria, and New Zealand."[22] | ||
2009 | Organization | Vegan Ireland: The Vegan Society of Ireland is founded as a non-profit. It promotes veganism and animal rights.[23] | Ireland |
2012 | Organization | Vegan Australia is founded. It campaigns nationally for veganism.[24] | Australia |
2013 | Live and Let Live. | ||
2014 | "There’s been a 600% increase in people identifying as vegans in the U.S in the last three years. According to a report by research firm GlobalData, only 1% of U.S. consumers claimed to be vegan in 2014. And in 2017, that number rose to 6%."[22] | ||
2014 | Organization | Peepal Farm is founded. | India |
2016 | "But in 2016, German companies launched more vegan food products than in any other country."[22] | ||
2017 | "There’s been a 600% increase in people identifying as vegans in the U.S in the last three years. According to a report by research firm GlobalData, only 1% of U.S. consumers claimed to be vegan in 2014. And in 2017, that number rose to 6%."[22] |
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See also
External links
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "WHO WERE THE WORLD'S VERY EARLIEST VEGANS?". independent.co.uk. Retrieved 30 September 2019.
- ↑ James Gregory, Of Victorians and Vegetarians, I. B. Tauris, 2007.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' not found.Template:PbLua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' not found.Template:PbLua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' not found.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' not found.Template:PbLua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' not found.Template:PbLua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' not found.Template:PbLua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' not found.
- ↑ Nick Pendergrast, "Environmental Concerns and the Mainstreaming of Veganism", in T. Raphaely (ed.), Impact of Meat Consumption on Health and Environmental Sustainability, IGI Global, 2015, 106.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' not found.
- ↑ Bajpai, Shiva (2011). The History of India – From Ancient to Modern Times. Himalayan Academy Publications (Hawaii, USA). ISBN 978-1-934145-38-8.
- ↑ Spencer, Colin (1996). The Heretic's Feast: A History of Vegetarianism. Fourth Estate Classic House. pp. 33–68, 69–84. ISBN 978-0874517606.
- ↑ Tähtinen, Unto. Ahimsa: Non-violence in Indian tradition. London: [1976], Rider and Company (1976).
- ↑ Singh, Upinder (2008). A History of Ancient and Early medieval India : from the Stone Age to the 12th century. New Delhi: Pearson Education. p. 137. ISBN 9788131711200.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 "VEGETARIANISM 8th CENTURY b.c. TO 5th CENTURY A.D.". ivu.org. Retrieved 7 October 2019.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 "The Vegan Society". vegansociety.com. Retrieved 30 September 2019.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 "China & Vegetarianism". ivu.org. Retrieved 7 October 2019.
- ↑ D. S. Margoliouth, "Abu‘l-'Alā al-Ma‘arrī's Correspondence on Vegetarianism", The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, 34(02), 1902 (289–332), 290. Template:Doi Template:Jstor
- ↑ James C. Whorton, Crusaders for Fitness: The History of American Health Reformers, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2014, 69–70: "Word of these cures of pimples, consumption, and virtually all ailments in between was widely distributed by his several publications ..."Template:Pb Percy Bysshe Shelley, A Vindication of Natural Diet, London: F. Pitman, 1884 [1813]; William Lambe, Joel Shew, Water and Vegetable Diet, New York: Fowler's and Wells, 1854 [London, 1815].
- ↑ Rod Preece, Sins of the Flesh: A History of Ethical Vegetarian Thought, Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 2008, 12.
- ↑ "History of the International Vegetarian Union". ivu.org. Retrieved 7 October 2019.
- ↑ Leneman 1999, 226.
- ↑ Watson, Donald (November 1944). "The Vegan News, Issue No. 1". Retrieved 13 June 2019.
- ↑ Watson, Donald (February 1945). "The Vegan News, Issue No. 2". Retrieved 13 June 2019.
- ↑ Leslie Cross, "Veganism Defined", The Vegetarian World Forum, 5(1), Spring 1951.
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 "Why the Global Rise in Vegan and Plant-Based Eating Isn't A Fad (600% Increase in U.S. Vegans + Other Astounding Stats)". foodrevolution.org. Retrieved 30 September 2019.
- ↑ "Vegan Ireland". vegan.ie. Retrieved 7 October 2019.
- ↑ "Vegan Australia". veganaustralia.org.au. Retrieved 7 October 2019.