Difference between revisions of "Timeline of water transport"

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| 214 BC || Infrastructure || The {{w|Lingqu Canal}} is built. It is the earliest canal recorded in history.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sweeting |first1=Marjorie M. |title=Karst in China: Its Geomorphology and Environment |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=5z7tCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA33&dq=214+BC+The+Lingqu+Canal+is+built.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjpq-Wgt5DcAhUEIpAKHbopDYwQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Developing Gratitude in Children and Adolescents |edition=Jonathan R. H. Tudge, Lia Beatriz de Lucca Freitas |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=Rw44DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA121&dq=214+BC+The+Lingqu+Canal+is+built.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjpq-Wgt5DcAhUEIpAKHbopDYwQ6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q=214%20BC%20The%20Lingqu%20Canal%20is%20built.&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Xu |first1=Gang |title=Tourism and Local Development in China: Case Studies of Guilin, Suzhou and Beidaihe |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=nShTAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA34&dq=214+BC+The+Lingqu+Canal+is+built.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjpq-Wgt5DcAhUEIpAKHbopDYwQ6AEIMzAC#v=onepage&q=214%20BC%20The%20Lingqu%20Canal%20is%20built.&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|China}}
 
| 214 BC || Infrastructure || The {{w|Lingqu Canal}} is built. It is the earliest canal recorded in history.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sweeting |first1=Marjorie M. |title=Karst in China: Its Geomorphology and Environment |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=5z7tCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA33&dq=214+BC+The+Lingqu+Canal+is+built.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjpq-Wgt5DcAhUEIpAKHbopDYwQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Developing Gratitude in Children and Adolescents |edition=Jonathan R. H. Tudge, Lia Beatriz de Lucca Freitas |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=Rw44DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA121&dq=214+BC+The+Lingqu+Canal+is+built.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjpq-Wgt5DcAhUEIpAKHbopDYwQ6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q=214%20BC%20The%20Lingqu%20Canal%20is%20built.&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Xu |first1=Gang |title=Tourism and Local Development in China: Case Studies of Guilin, Suzhou and Beidaihe |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=nShTAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA34&dq=214+BC+The+Lingqu+Canal+is+built.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjpq-Wgt5DcAhUEIpAKHbopDYwQ6AEIMzAC#v=onepage&q=214%20BC%20The%20Lingqu%20Canal%20is%20built.&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|China}}
 
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| c.200 AC || Watercraft || [[w:junk (ship)|Junks]] are developed in China. || {{w|China}}
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| c.200 AC || Watercraft type || [[w:junk (ship)|Junks]] are developed in China. || {{w|China}}
 
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| 984 AC || || {{w|Pound lock}}s are used in China.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Temple |first1=Robert K. G. |title=China: Land of Discovery [and Invention] |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=6FVwAAAAMAAJ&q=%22984%22+Pound+locks+are+used+in+China&dq=%22984%22+Pound+locks+are+used+in+China&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjHi86ZtOHbAhUCS5AKHWNkCZoQ6AEINzAD}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Menzies |first1=Gavin |title=1434: The Year a Magnificent Chinese Fleet Sailed to Italy and Ignited the Renaissance |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=LR4RAQAAIAAJ&q=%22984%22+Pound+locks+are+used+in+China&dq=%22984%22+Pound+locks+are+used+in+China&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjHi86ZtOHbAhUCS5AKHWNkCZoQ6AEIOzAE}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Landry |first1=Elaine |last2=Dartford |first2=Mark |last3=Morris |first3=Trevor |title=The New Illustrated Science and Invention Encyclopedia: The New how it Works, Volume 11 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=nmdFAAAAYAAJ&q=%22984%22+Pound+locks+are+used+in+China&dq=%22984%22+Pound+locks+are+used+in+China&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjHi86ZtOHbAhUCS5AKHWNkCZoQ6AEIQDAF}}</ref> || {{w|China}}
 
| 984 AC || || {{w|Pound lock}}s are used in China.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Temple |first1=Robert K. G. |title=China: Land of Discovery [and Invention] |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=6FVwAAAAMAAJ&q=%22984%22+Pound+locks+are+used+in+China&dq=%22984%22+Pound+locks+are+used+in+China&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjHi86ZtOHbAhUCS5AKHWNkCZoQ6AEINzAD}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Menzies |first1=Gavin |title=1434: The Year a Magnificent Chinese Fleet Sailed to Italy and Ignited the Renaissance |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=LR4RAQAAIAAJ&q=%22984%22+Pound+locks+are+used+in+China&dq=%22984%22+Pound+locks+are+used+in+China&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjHi86ZtOHbAhUCS5AKHWNkCZoQ6AEIOzAE}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Landry |first1=Elaine |last2=Dartford |first2=Mark |last3=Morris |first3=Trevor |title=The New Illustrated Science and Invention Encyclopedia: The New how it Works, Volume 11 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=nmdFAAAAYAAJ&q=%22984%22+Pound+locks+are+used+in+China&dq=%22984%22+Pound+locks+are+used+in+China&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjHi86ZtOHbAhUCS5AKHWNkCZoQ6AEIQDAF}}</ref> || {{w|China}}
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| 1088 || Technology || Chinese polymath {{w|Shen Kuo}} first describes a magnetic {{w|compass}} in his {{w|Dream Pool Essays}}.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Stein |first1=Stephen K. |title=The Sea in World History: Exploration, Travel, and Trade [2 volumes] |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=QmOWDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA218&dq=%221088%22+Shen+Kuo+first+describes+a+magnetic+compass+in+his+Dream+Pool+Essays.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjct5r4ruHbAhWCDZAKHcSSCAsQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%221088%22%20Shen%20Kuo%20first%20describes%20a%20magnetic%20compass%20in%20his%20Dream%20Pool%20Essays.&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=DK |title=Science Year by Year: A Visual History, From Stone Tools to Space Travel |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=Vq78DQAAQBAJ&pg=PA42&dq=%221088%22+Shen+Kuo+first+describes+a+magnetic+%22compass%22+in+his+Dream+Pool+Essays.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiuv-L9ruHbAhXBEZAKHR26ATIQ6AEILTAB#v=onepage&q=%221088%22%20Shen%20Kuo%20first%20describes%20a%20magnetic%20%22compass%22%20in%20his%20Dream%20Pool%20Essays.&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Whitehouse |first1=David |title=Journey to the Centre of the Earth: The Remarkable Voyage of Scientific Discovery into the Heart of Our World |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=ceNDBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT132&dq=%221088%22+Shen+Kuo+first+describes+a+magnetic+%22compass%22+in+his+Dream+Pool+Essays.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiuv-L9ruHbAhXBEZAKHR26ATIQ6AEIMzAC#v=onepage&q=%221088%22%20Shen%20Kuo%20first%20describes%20a%20magnetic%20%22compass%22%20in%20his%20Dream%20Pool%20Essays.&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|China}}  
 
| 1088 || Technology || Chinese polymath {{w|Shen Kuo}} first describes a magnetic {{w|compass}} in his {{w|Dream Pool Essays}}.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Stein |first1=Stephen K. |title=The Sea in World History: Exploration, Travel, and Trade [2 volumes] |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=QmOWDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA218&dq=%221088%22+Shen+Kuo+first+describes+a+magnetic+compass+in+his+Dream+Pool+Essays.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjct5r4ruHbAhWCDZAKHcSSCAsQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%221088%22%20Shen%20Kuo%20first%20describes%20a%20magnetic%20compass%20in%20his%20Dream%20Pool%20Essays.&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=DK |title=Science Year by Year: A Visual History, From Stone Tools to Space Travel |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=Vq78DQAAQBAJ&pg=PA42&dq=%221088%22+Shen+Kuo+first+describes+a+magnetic+%22compass%22+in+his+Dream+Pool+Essays.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiuv-L9ruHbAhXBEZAKHR26ATIQ6AEILTAB#v=onepage&q=%221088%22%20Shen%20Kuo%20first%20describes%20a%20magnetic%20%22compass%22%20in%20his%20Dream%20Pool%20Essays.&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Whitehouse |first1=David |title=Journey to the Centre of the Earth: The Remarkable Voyage of Scientific Discovery into the Heart of Our World |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=ceNDBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT132&dq=%221088%22+Shen+Kuo+first+describes+a+magnetic+%22compass%22+in+his+Dream+Pool+Essays.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiuv-L9ruHbAhXBEZAKHR26ATIQ6AEIMzAC#v=onepage&q=%221088%22%20Shen%20Kuo%20first%20describes%20a%20magnetic%20%22compass%22%20in%20his%20Dream%20Pool%20Essays.&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|China}}  
 
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| 1620 || Watercraft || Dutch engineer {{w|Cornelis Drebbel}} builds the world's first submarine.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Thornton |first1=W.M |title=Submarine Insignia and Submarine Services of the World |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=wdCkAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA87&dq=%22IN+1620%22+%22submarine%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjJtq3lteDbAhWHF5AKHdwMDmUQ6AEILTAB#v=onepage&q=%22IN%201620%22%20%22submarine%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Submarine |publisher=United States Navy |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=GLy8quRc-YYC&pg=PA1&dq=%22IN+1620%22+%22submarine%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjJtq3lteDbAhWHF5AKHdwMDmUQ6AEINzAD#v=onepage&q=%22IN%201620%22%20%22submarine%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Broadwater |first1=Robert P. |title=Civil War Special Forces: The Elite and Distinct Fighting Units of the Union and Confederate Armies: The Elite and Distinct Fighting Units of the Union and Confederate Armies |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=txeDBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA178&dq=%22IN+1620%22+%22submarine%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjp9NrGtuDbAhWLjJAKHdBhAnwQ6AEIQjAF#v=onepage&q=%22IN%201620%22%20%22submarine%22&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|Netherlands}}
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| 1620 || Watercraft type || Dutch engineer {{w|Cornelis Drebbel}} builds the world's first submarine.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Thornton |first1=W.M |title=Submarine Insignia and Submarine Services of the World |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=wdCkAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA87&dq=%22IN+1620%22+%22submarine%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjJtq3lteDbAhWHF5AKHdwMDmUQ6AEILTAB#v=onepage&q=%22IN%201620%22%20%22submarine%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Submarine |publisher=United States Navy |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=GLy8quRc-YYC&pg=PA1&dq=%22IN+1620%22+%22submarine%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjJtq3lteDbAhWHF5AKHdwMDmUQ6AEINzAD#v=onepage&q=%22IN%201620%22%20%22submarine%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Broadwater |first1=Robert P. |title=Civil War Special Forces: The Elite and Distinct Fighting Units of the Union and Confederate Armies: The Elite and Distinct Fighting Units of the Union and Confederate Armies |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=txeDBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA178&dq=%22IN+1620%22+%22submarine%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjp9NrGtuDbAhWLjJAKHdBhAnwQ6AEIQjAF#v=onepage&q=%22IN%201620%22%20%22submarine%22&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|Netherlands}}
 
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| 1783 || Watercraft || French engineer {{w|Claude de Jouffroy}} constructs the first recorded {{w|steamboat}}.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mapp |first1=Alf J. |title=Three Golden Ages: Discovering the Creative Secrets of Renaissance Florence, Elizabethan England, and America's Founding |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=gVHaJK-MlXQC&pg=PA505&dq=%22in+1783%22+Claude+de+Jouffroy+%22steamboat%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjOjv7YsOHbAhWIQZAKHSb1CfMQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%22in%201783%22%20Claude%20de%20Jouffroy%20%22steamboat%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Owen Philip |first1=Cynthia |title=Robert Fulton: A Biography |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=4zjI4-YrRE4C&pg=PA142&dq=%22in+1783%22+Claude+de+Jouffroy+%22steamboat%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjOjv7YsOHbAhWIQZAKHSb1CfMQ6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201783%22%20Claude%20de%20Jouffroy%20%22steamboat%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Headrick |first1=Daniel R. |title=Power over Peoples: Technology, Environments, and Western Imperialism, 1400 to the Present |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=-xRtD64vi5EC&pg=PA179&dq=%22in+1783%22+Claude+de+Jouffroy+%22steamboat%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjOjv7YsOHbAhWIQZAKHSb1CfMQ6AEINDAC#v=onepage&q=%22in%201783%22%20Claude%20de%20Jouffroy%20%22steamboat%22&f=false}}</ref> ||  
 
| 1783 || Watercraft || French engineer {{w|Claude de Jouffroy}} constructs the first recorded {{w|steamboat}}.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mapp |first1=Alf J. |title=Three Golden Ages: Discovering the Creative Secrets of Renaissance Florence, Elizabethan England, and America's Founding |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=gVHaJK-MlXQC&pg=PA505&dq=%22in+1783%22+Claude+de+Jouffroy+%22steamboat%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjOjv7YsOHbAhWIQZAKHSb1CfMQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%22in%201783%22%20Claude%20de%20Jouffroy%20%22steamboat%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Owen Philip |first1=Cynthia |title=Robert Fulton: A Biography |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=4zjI4-YrRE4C&pg=PA142&dq=%22in+1783%22+Claude+de+Jouffroy+%22steamboat%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjOjv7YsOHbAhWIQZAKHSb1CfMQ6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201783%22%20Claude%20de%20Jouffroy%20%22steamboat%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Headrick |first1=Daniel R. |title=Power over Peoples: Technology, Environments, and Western Imperialism, 1400 to the Present |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=-xRtD64vi5EC&pg=PA179&dq=%22in+1783%22+Claude+de+Jouffroy+%22steamboat%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjOjv7YsOHbAhWIQZAKHSb1CfMQ6AEINDAC#v=onepage&q=%22in%201783%22%20Claude%20de%20Jouffroy%20%22steamboat%22&f=false}}</ref> ||  
 
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| 1787 || Watercraft || American inventor [[w:John Fitch (inventor)|John Fitch]] designs the first {{w|steamboat}} in the United States.<ref>{{cite book |last1=McCloy |first1=Shelby T. |title=French Inventions of the Eighteenth Century |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=qOMeBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA28&dq=%22in+1787%22+%22steamboat%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwicgs3ouuDbAhWLjpAKHceNBnQQ6AEITTAH#v=onepage&q=%22in%201787%22%20%22steamboat%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Grayson |first1=Robert |title=The U.S. Industrial Revolution |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=PK-UKVgD7X0C&pg=PA31&dq=%22in+1787%22+%22steamboat%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwicgs3ouuDbAhWLjpAKHceNBnQQ6AEIWDAJ#v=onepage&q=%22in%201787%22%20%22steamboat%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Barth |first1=Linda J. |title=New Jersey Originals: Technological Marvels, Odd Inventions, Trailblazing Characters and More |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=hsFdDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA76&dq=%22in+1787%22+%22steamboat%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwicgs3ouuDbAhWLjpAKHceNBnQQ6AEIPjAE#v=onepage&q=%22in%201787%22%20%22steamboat%22&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
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| 1787 || Watercraft type || American inventor [[w:John Fitch (inventor)|John Fitch]] designs the first {{w|steamboat}} in the United States.<ref>{{cite book |last1=McCloy |first1=Shelby T. |title=French Inventions of the Eighteenth Century |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=qOMeBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA28&dq=%22in+1787%22+%22steamboat%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwicgs3ouuDbAhWLjpAKHceNBnQQ6AEITTAH#v=onepage&q=%22in%201787%22%20%22steamboat%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Grayson |first1=Robert |title=The U.S. Industrial Revolution |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=PK-UKVgD7X0C&pg=PA31&dq=%22in+1787%22+%22steamboat%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwicgs3ouuDbAhWLjpAKHceNBnQQ6AEIWDAJ#v=onepage&q=%22in%201787%22%20%22steamboat%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Barth |first1=Linda J. |title=New Jersey Originals: Technological Marvels, Odd Inventions, Trailblazing Characters and More |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=hsFdDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA76&dq=%22in+1787%22+%22steamboat%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwicgs3ouuDbAhWLjpAKHceNBnQQ6AEIPjAE#v=onepage&q=%22in%201787%22%20%22steamboat%22&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 
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| 1803 || Watercraft || Scottish engineer {{w|William Symington}}'s {{w|Charlotte Dundas}}, generally considered to be the world's first practical steamboat, makes its first voyage.<ref>{{cite book |title=Growing Up with Science |publisher=Marshall Cavendish Corporation |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=acomopX55gwC&pg=PA909&dq=%22in+1803%22+Charlotte+Dundas&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjs8pPEseHbAhXLDZAKHbNRCYcQ6AEILTAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201803%22%20Charlotte%20Dundas&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Lienhard |first1=John H. |title=How Invention Begins: Echoes of Old Voices in the Rise of New Machines |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=GpGf2Io_jnMC&pg=PT114&dq=%22in+1803%22+Charlotte+Dundas&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjs8pPEseHbAhXLDZAKHbNRCYcQ6AEIMzAC#v=onepage&q=%22in%201803%22%20Charlotte%20Dundas&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Wolmar |first1=Christian |title=The Great Railway Revolution: The Epic Story of the American Railroad |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=f6XaTt4tmIkC&pg=PP27&dq=%22in+1803%22+Charlotte+Dundas&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjs8pPEseHbAhXLDZAKHbNRCYcQ6AEISTAG#v=onepage&q=%22in%201803%22%20Charlotte%20Dundas&f=false}}</ref> ||
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| 1803 || Watercraft type || Scottish engineer {{w|William Symington}}'s {{w|Charlotte Dundas}}, generally considered to be the world's first practical steamboat, makes its first voyage.<ref>{{cite book |title=Growing Up with Science |publisher=Marshall Cavendish Corporation |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=acomopX55gwC&pg=PA909&dq=%22in+1803%22+Charlotte+Dundas&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjs8pPEseHbAhXLDZAKHbNRCYcQ6AEILTAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201803%22%20Charlotte%20Dundas&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Lienhard |first1=John H. |title=How Invention Begins: Echoes of Old Voices in the Rise of New Machines |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=GpGf2Io_jnMC&pg=PT114&dq=%22in+1803%22+Charlotte+Dundas&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjs8pPEseHbAhXLDZAKHbNRCYcQ6AEIMzAC#v=onepage&q=%22in%201803%22%20Charlotte%20Dundas&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Wolmar |first1=Christian |title=The Great Railway Revolution: The Epic Story of the American Railroad |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=f6XaTt4tmIkC&pg=PP27&dq=%22in+1803%22+Charlotte+Dundas&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjs8pPEseHbAhXLDZAKHbNRCYcQ6AEISTAG#v=onepage&q=%22in%201803%22%20Charlotte%20Dundas&f=false}}</ref> ||
 
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| 1804 || Watercraft || American inventor {{w|Oliver Evans}} builds an early [[w:amphibious dredge boat|amphibious vehicle]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shallat |first1=Todd A. |title=Structures in the Stream: Water, Science, and the Rise of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=uB-1vd-ildgC&pg=PA149&dq=%22in+1804%22+%22Oliver+Evans%22+%22amphibious%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiE763czOPbAhVDFJAKHSyAAxwQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%22in%201804%22%20%22Oliver%20Evans%22%20%22amphibious%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Jefferson |first1=Thomas |title=The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Retirement Series, Volume 7: 28 November 1813 to 30 September 1814 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=eX_A2Fk3-GwC&pg=PA109&dq=%22in+1804%22+%22Oliver+Evans%22+%22amphibious%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiE763czOPbAhVDFJAKHSyAAxwQ6AEINDAC#v=onepage&q=%22in%201804%22%20%22Oliver%20Evans%22%20%22amphibious%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Clark |first1=Daniel-Kinnear |last2=Colburn |first2=Zerah |title=Recent Practice in the Locomotive Engine ... Comprising the Latest English Improvements, and a Treatise on the Locomotive Engines of the United States |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=zYhNAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA47&dq=%22in+1804%22+%22Oliver+Evans%22+%22amphibious%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiE763czOPbAhVDFJAKHSyAAxwQ6AEIPjAE#v=onepage&q=%22in%201804%22%20%22Oliver%20Evans%22%20%22amphibious%22&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
+
| 1804 || Watercraft type || American inventor {{w|Oliver Evans}} builds an early [[w:amphibious dredge boat|amphibious vehicle]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shallat |first1=Todd A. |title=Structures in the Stream: Water, Science, and the Rise of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=uB-1vd-ildgC&pg=PA149&dq=%22in+1804%22+%22Oliver+Evans%22+%22amphibious%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiE763czOPbAhVDFJAKHSyAAxwQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%22in%201804%22%20%22Oliver%20Evans%22%20%22amphibious%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Jefferson |first1=Thomas |title=The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Retirement Series, Volume 7: 28 November 1813 to 30 September 1814 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=eX_A2Fk3-GwC&pg=PA109&dq=%22in+1804%22+%22Oliver+Evans%22+%22amphibious%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiE763czOPbAhVDFJAKHSyAAxwQ6AEINDAC#v=onepage&q=%22in%201804%22%20%22Oliver%20Evans%22%20%22amphibious%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Clark |first1=Daniel-Kinnear |last2=Colburn |first2=Zerah |title=Recent Practice in the Locomotive Engine ... Comprising the Latest English Improvements, and a Treatise on the Locomotive Engines of the United States |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=zYhNAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA47&dq=%22in+1804%22+%22Oliver+Evans%22+%22amphibious%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiE763czOPbAhVDFJAKHSyAAxwQ6AEIPjAE#v=onepage&q=%22in%201804%22%20%22Oliver%20Evans%22%20%22amphibious%22&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1807 || Watercraft || American engineer {{w|Robert Fulton}} develops its {{w|North River Steamboat}}, the first commercially successful steamboat.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schwarz |first1=George R |title=The Steamboat Phoenix and the Archaeology of Early Steam Navigation in North America |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=F79aDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT28&dq=%22in+1807%22+%22steamboat%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi4s_imzuPbAhXGIZAKHTaNBEkQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%22in%201807%22%20%22steamboat%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Adams |first1=Arthur G. |title=The Hudson Through the Years |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=As5tyLSVC5wC&pg=PA44&dq=%22in+1807%22+%22steamboat%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi4s_imzuPbAhXGIZAKHTaNBEkQ6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201807%22%20%22steamboat%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Ward |first1=John D. |title=An Account of the Steamboat Controversy Between the Citizens of New York and New Jersey, from 1811 to 1824: Originating in the Asserted Claim of New York to the Exclusive Jurisdiction Over All the Waters Between the Two States |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=algrAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA5&dq=%22in+1807%22+%22steamboat%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi4s_imzuPbAhXGIZAKHTaNBEkQ6AEINDAC#v=onepage&q=%22in%201807%22%20%22steamboat%22&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
+
| 1807 || Watercraft type || American engineer {{w|Robert Fulton}} develops its {{w|North River Steamboat}}, the first commercially successful steamboat.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schwarz |first1=George R |title=The Steamboat Phoenix and the Archaeology of Early Steam Navigation in North America |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=F79aDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT28&dq=%22in+1807%22+%22steamboat%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi4s_imzuPbAhXGIZAKHTaNBEkQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%22in%201807%22%20%22steamboat%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Adams |first1=Arthur G. |title=The Hudson Through the Years |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=As5tyLSVC5wC&pg=PA44&dq=%22in+1807%22+%22steamboat%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi4s_imzuPbAhXGIZAKHTaNBEkQ6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201807%22%20%22steamboat%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Ward |first1=John D. |title=An Account of the Steamboat Controversy Between the Citizens of New York and New Jersey, from 1811 to 1824: Originating in the Asserted Claim of New York to the Exclusive Jurisdiction Over All the Waters Between the Two States |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=algrAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA5&dq=%22in+1807%22+%22steamboat%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi4s_imzuPbAhXGIZAKHTaNBEkQ6AEINDAC#v=onepage&q=%22in%201807%22%20%22steamboat%22&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 1807 || Technology || French inventor {{w|Nicéphore Niépce}} patents his {{w|Pyréolophore}}, the world's first internal combustion engine.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hannavy |first1=John |title=Encyclopedia of nineteenth-century photography: A-I, index |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=PJ8DHBay4_EC&pg=PA1003&dq=%22in+1807%22+Nic%C3%A9phore+Ni%C3%A9pce&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwid6qmStuHbAhVGEZAKHVp9DQwQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%22in%201807%22%20Nic%C3%A9phore%20Ni%C3%A9pce&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Winterton |first1=Wayne |title=Stories from History’S Dust Bin, Volume 1 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=6IbqCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT211&dq=%22in+1807%22+Nic%C3%A9phore+Ni%C3%A9pce&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwid6qmStuHbAhVGEZAKHVp9DQwQ6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201807%22%20Nic%C3%A9phore%20Ni%C3%A9pce&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Hughes |first1=Stefan |title=Catchers of the Light: The Forgotten Lives of the Men and Women Who First Photographed the Heavens |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=iZk5OOf7fVYC&pg=PA11&dq=%22in+1807%22+Nic%C3%A9phore+Ni%C3%A9pce&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwid6qmStuHbAhVGEZAKHVp9DQwQ6AEINDAC#v=onepage&q=%22in%201807%22%20Nic%C3%A9phore%20Ni%C3%A9pce&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|France}}
 
| 1807 || Technology || French inventor {{w|Nicéphore Niépce}} patents his {{w|Pyréolophore}}, the world's first internal combustion engine.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hannavy |first1=John |title=Encyclopedia of nineteenth-century photography: A-I, index |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=PJ8DHBay4_EC&pg=PA1003&dq=%22in+1807%22+Nic%C3%A9phore+Ni%C3%A9pce&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwid6qmStuHbAhVGEZAKHVp9DQwQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%22in%201807%22%20Nic%C3%A9phore%20Ni%C3%A9pce&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Winterton |first1=Wayne |title=Stories from History’S Dust Bin, Volume 1 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=6IbqCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT211&dq=%22in+1807%22+Nic%C3%A9phore+Ni%C3%A9pce&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwid6qmStuHbAhVGEZAKHVp9DQwQ6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201807%22%20Nic%C3%A9phore%20Ni%C3%A9pce&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Hughes |first1=Stefan |title=Catchers of the Light: The Forgotten Lives of the Men and Women Who First Photographed the Heavens |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=iZk5OOf7fVYC&pg=PA11&dq=%22in+1807%22+Nic%C3%A9phore+Ni%C3%A9pce&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwid6qmStuHbAhVGEZAKHVp9DQwQ6AEINDAC#v=onepage&q=%22in%201807%22%20Nic%C3%A9phore%20Ni%C3%A9pce&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|France}}
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| 1819 || || The {{w|SS Savannah}} makes the first transatlantic crossing by a steamship, from {{w|Savannah, Georgia}} to {{w|London}}.<ref>{{cite book |last1=McDonogh |first1=Gary W. |title=Black and Catholic in Savannah, Georgia |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=ZAdb_5sW4HwC&pg=PA26&dq=%22in+1819%22+%22ss+savannah%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiIlpbV1uPbAhUIH5AKHbJqBxoQ6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201819%22%20%22ss%20savannah%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Blume |first1=Kenneth J. |title=Historical Dictionary of the U.S. Maritime Industry |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=r_jTIbdFUnYC&pg=PA430&dq=%22in+1819%22+%22ss+savannah%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiIlpbV1uPbAhUIH5AKHbJqBxoQ6AEINDAC#v=onepage&q=%22in%201819%22%20%22ss%20savannah%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Beney |first1=Peter |title=The Majesty of Savannah |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=G0vsqvhgKTUC&pg=PA17&dq=%22in+1819%22+%22ss+savannah%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiIlpbV1uPbAhUIH5AKHbJqBxoQ6AEIOjAD#v=onepage&q=%22in%201819%22%20%22ss%20savannah%22&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}, {{w|United Kingdom}}
 
| 1819 || || The {{w|SS Savannah}} makes the first transatlantic crossing by a steamship, from {{w|Savannah, Georgia}} to {{w|London}}.<ref>{{cite book |last1=McDonogh |first1=Gary W. |title=Black and Catholic in Savannah, Georgia |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=ZAdb_5sW4HwC&pg=PA26&dq=%22in+1819%22+%22ss+savannah%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiIlpbV1uPbAhUIH5AKHbJqBxoQ6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201819%22%20%22ss%20savannah%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Blume |first1=Kenneth J. |title=Historical Dictionary of the U.S. Maritime Industry |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=r_jTIbdFUnYC&pg=PA430&dq=%22in+1819%22+%22ss+savannah%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiIlpbV1uPbAhUIH5AKHbJqBxoQ6AEINDAC#v=onepage&q=%22in%201819%22%20%22ss%20savannah%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Beney |first1=Peter |title=The Majesty of Savannah |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=G0vsqvhgKTUC&pg=PA17&dq=%22in+1819%22+%22ss+savannah%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiIlpbV1uPbAhUIH5AKHbJqBxoQ6AEIOjAD#v=onepage&q=%22in%201819%22%20%22ss%20savannah%22&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}, {{w|United Kingdom}}
 
|-
 
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| 1861 || Watercraft || The Elizabeth Watt is generally credited for being the first ship to transport a cargo of oil across the Atlantic.<ref name="Historical Development of the Pipeline as a Mode of Transportation">{{cite web|title=Historical Development of the Pipeline as a Mode of Transportation|url=http://gammathetaupsilon.org/the-geographical-bulletin/2000s/volume43-2/article4.pdf|website=gammathetaupsilon.org|accessdate=18 August 2017}}</ref> ||
+
| 1861 || Watercraft type || The Elizabeth Watt is generally credited for being the first ship to transport a cargo of oil across the Atlantic.<ref name="Historical Development of the Pipeline as a Mode of Transportation">{{cite web|title=Historical Development of the Pipeline as a Mode of Transportation|url=http://gammathetaupsilon.org/the-geographical-bulletin/2000s/volume43-2/article4.pdf|website=gammathetaupsilon.org|accessdate=18 August 2017}}</ref> ||
 
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| 1861 || Watercraft || The {{w|USS Ice Boat (1861)}} launches as the first purpose-built {{w|icebreaker}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=NavSource Online: "Old Navy" Ship Photo Archive |url=http://www.navsource.org/archives/09/86/86218.htm |website=navsource.org |accessdate=21 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Phila. Ice Boat. Navy Yard. Washington DC May 23/61. |url=http://www.americancivilwarphotos.com/content/phila-ice-boat-navy-yard-washington-dc-may-2361 |website=americancivilwarphotos.com |accessdate=21 June 2018}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
+
| 1861 || Watercraft type || The {{w|USS Ice Boat (1861)}} launches as the first purpose-built {{w|icebreaker}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=NavSource Online: "Old Navy" Ship Photo Archive |url=http://www.navsource.org/archives/09/86/86218.htm |website=navsource.org |accessdate=21 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Phila. Ice Boat. Navy Yard. Washington DC May 23/61. |url=http://www.americancivilwarphotos.com/content/phila-ice-boat-navy-yard-washington-dc-may-2361 |website=americancivilwarphotos.com |accessdate=21 June 2018}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 
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| 1864 || Technology || {{w|Ictineo II}}, by Spanish engineer {{w|Narcís Monturiol}}, becomes the first submarine powered by an {{w|internal-combustion engine}}.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Verne |first1=Jules |title=Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=CUhXwKhnDl8C&pg=PT207&dq=%22in+1864%22+%22Ictineo+II%22+%22submarine%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiH0eeg8uLbAhWDEJAKHf4wB48Q6AEIOTAD#v=onepage&q=%22in%201864%22%20%22Ictineo%20II%22%20%22submarine%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Cairns |first1=Lynne |title=Secret Fleets: Fremantle's World War II Submarine Base |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=fbfBAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA25&dq=%22in+1864%22+%22Ictineo+II%22+%22submarine%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiH0eeg8uLbAhWDEJAKHf4wB48Q6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%22in%201864%22%20%22Ictineo%20II%22%20%22submarine%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Chaffin |first1=Tom |title=The H. L. Hunley: The Secret Hope of the Confederacy |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=pQcjlDMjXFoC&pg=PA55&dq=%22in+1864%22+%22Ictineo+II%22+%22submarine%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiH0eeg8uLbAhWDEJAKHf4wB48Q6AEIMzAC#v=onepage&q=%22in%201864%22%20%22Ictineo%20II%22%20%22submarine%22&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|Spain}}
 
| 1864 || Technology || {{w|Ictineo II}}, by Spanish engineer {{w|Narcís Monturiol}}, becomes the first submarine powered by an {{w|internal-combustion engine}}.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Verne |first1=Jules |title=Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=CUhXwKhnDl8C&pg=PT207&dq=%22in+1864%22+%22Ictineo+II%22+%22submarine%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiH0eeg8uLbAhWDEJAKHf4wB48Q6AEIOTAD#v=onepage&q=%22in%201864%22%20%22Ictineo%20II%22%20%22submarine%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Cairns |first1=Lynne |title=Secret Fleets: Fremantle's World War II Submarine Base |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=fbfBAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA25&dq=%22in+1864%22+%22Ictineo+II%22+%22submarine%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiH0eeg8uLbAhWDEJAKHf4wB48Q6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%22in%201864%22%20%22Ictineo%20II%22%20%22submarine%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Chaffin |first1=Tom |title=The H. L. Hunley: The Secret Hope of the Confederacy |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=pQcjlDMjXFoC&pg=PA55&dq=%22in+1864%22+%22Ictineo+II%22+%22submarine%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiH0eeg8uLbAhWDEJAKHf4wB48Q6AEIMzAC#v=onepage&q=%22in%201864%22%20%22Ictineo%20II%22%20%22submarine%22&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|Spain}}
Line 73: Line 73:
 
| 1897 || || The {{w|Turbinia}} is launched. It is the first vessel to be powered by a steam turbine.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Blume |first1=Kenneth J. |title=Historical Dictionary of the U.S. Maritime Industry |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=r_jTIbdFUnYC&pg=PA304&dq=%22in+1897%22+The+Turbinia+is+launched.+It+is+the+first+vessel+to+be+powered+by+a+steam+turbine.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwim5tf-wePbAhWDkpAKHUnvDCAQ6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201897%22%20The%20Turbinia%20is%20launched.%20It%20is%20the%20first%20vessel%20to%20be%20powered%20by%20a%20steam%20turbine.&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Newton |first1=David E. |title=Encyclopedia of Water |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=-_k5AQAAIAAJ&q=%22in+1897%22+The+Turbinia+is+launched.+It+is+the+first+vessel+to+be+powered+by+a+steam+turbine.&dq=%22in+1897%22+The+Turbinia+is+launched.+It+is+the+first+vessel+to+be+powered+by+a+steam+turbine.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwim5tf-wePbAhWDkpAKHUnvDCAQ6AEIQDAE}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=DK |title=1000 Inventions and Discoveries |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=IztIBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA167&dq=%22in+1897%22+The+Turbinia+is+launched.+It+is+the+first+vessel+to+be+powered+by+a+steam+turbine.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwim5tf-wePbAhWDkpAKHUnvDCAQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%22in%201897%22%20The%20Turbinia%20is%20launched.%20It%20is%20the%20first%20vessel%20to%20be%20powered%20by%20a%20steam%20turbine.&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
 
| 1897 || || The {{w|Turbinia}} is launched. It is the first vessel to be powered by a steam turbine.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Blume |first1=Kenneth J. |title=Historical Dictionary of the U.S. Maritime Industry |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=r_jTIbdFUnYC&pg=PA304&dq=%22in+1897%22+The+Turbinia+is+launched.+It+is+the+first+vessel+to+be+powered+by+a+steam+turbine.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwim5tf-wePbAhWDkpAKHUnvDCAQ6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201897%22%20The%20Turbinia%20is%20launched.%20It%20is%20the%20first%20vessel%20to%20be%20powered%20by%20a%20steam%20turbine.&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Newton |first1=David E. |title=Encyclopedia of Water |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=-_k5AQAAIAAJ&q=%22in+1897%22+The+Turbinia+is+launched.+It+is+the+first+vessel+to+be+powered+by+a+steam+turbine.&dq=%22in+1897%22+The+Turbinia+is+launched.+It+is+the+first+vessel+to+be+powered+by+a+steam+turbine.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwim5tf-wePbAhWDkpAKHUnvDCAQ6AEIQDAE}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=DK |title=1000 Inventions and Discoveries |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=IztIBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA167&dq=%22in+1897%22+The+Turbinia+is+launched.+It+is+the+first+vessel+to+be+powered+by+a+steam+turbine.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwim5tf-wePbAhWDkpAKHUnvDCAQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%22in%201897%22%20The%20Turbinia%20is%20launched.%20It%20is%20the%20first%20vessel%20to%20be%20powered%20by%20a%20steam%20turbine.&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
 
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| 1911 || Watercraft || Glenn Curtiss builds an early {{w|hydroplane}}.<ref>{{cite book |title=San Diego: a California City |publisher=San Diego Historical Society |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=KLpwAAAAMAAJ&q=%22in+1911%22+%22first+hydroplane%22&dq=%22in+1911%22+%22first+hydroplane%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjA8ufSuODbAhUBnZAKHShTBlkQ6AEIUjAJ}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Flying Magazine May 1967 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=ZpF3_9SawgQC&pg=PA57&dq=%22in+1911%22+%22first+hydroplane%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjA8ufSuODbAhUBnZAKHShTBlkQ6AEIOTAD#v=onepage&q=%22in%201911%22%20%22first%20hydroplane%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Great Soviet Encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=3mHSiteDJ20C&q=%22in+1911%22+%22first+hydroplane%22&dq=%22in+1911%22+%22first+hydroplane%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjA8ufSuODbAhUBnZAKHShTBlkQ6AEITjAI}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
+
| 1911 || Watercraft type || Glenn Curtiss builds an early {{w|hydroplane}}.<ref>{{cite book |title=San Diego: a California City |publisher=San Diego Historical Society |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=KLpwAAAAMAAJ&q=%22in+1911%22+%22first+hydroplane%22&dq=%22in+1911%22+%22first+hydroplane%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjA8ufSuODbAhUBnZAKHShTBlkQ6AEIUjAJ}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Flying Magazine May 1967 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=ZpF3_9SawgQC&pg=PA57&dq=%22in+1911%22+%22first+hydroplane%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjA8ufSuODbAhUBnZAKHShTBlkQ6AEIOTAD#v=onepage&q=%22in%201911%22%20%22first%20hydroplane%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Great Soviet Encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=3mHSiteDJ20C&q=%22in+1911%22+%22first+hydroplane%22&dq=%22in+1911%22+%22first+hydroplane%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjA8ufSuODbAhUBnZAKHShTBlkQ6AEITjAI}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 1911 || Technology || The {{w|MS Selandia}} becomes the first important ocean-going vessel to be diesel powered.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schobert |first1=Harold H. |title=Energy and Society: An Introduction |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=9aDcfXLuBmEC&pg=PA275&dq=%22in+1911%22+Selandia+launched,+the+first+ocean-going,+diesel+engine-driven+ship&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjlmc7yvOPbAhXHiZAKHat_CZQQ6AEIMzAC#v=onepage&q=%22in%201911%22%20Selandia%20launched%2C%20the%20first%20ocean-going%2C%20diesel%20engine-driven%20ship&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Ville |first1=Simon |title=Shipbuilding in the United Kingdom in the Nineteenth Century: A Regional Approach |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=65BHDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA171&dq=%22in+1911%22+Selandia+launched,+the+first+ocean-going,+diesel+engine-driven+ship&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjlmc7yvOPbAhXHiZAKHat_CZQQ6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201911%22%20Selandia%20launched%2C%20the%20first%20ocean-going%2C%20diesel%20engine-driven%20ship&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Kaplan |first1=Philip |title=Naval Air: Celebrating a Century of Naval Flying |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=s5TwAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&dq=%22in+1918%22+%22+HMS+Furious%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiFsqCbsuPbAhVBF5AKHRfPBfYQ6AEIOjAD#v=onepage&q=%22in%201918%22%20%22%20HMS%20Furious%22&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|Denmark}}
 
| 1911 || Technology || The {{w|MS Selandia}} becomes the first important ocean-going vessel to be diesel powered.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schobert |first1=Harold H. |title=Energy and Society: An Introduction |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=9aDcfXLuBmEC&pg=PA275&dq=%22in+1911%22+Selandia+launched,+the+first+ocean-going,+diesel+engine-driven+ship&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjlmc7yvOPbAhXHiZAKHat_CZQQ6AEIMzAC#v=onepage&q=%22in%201911%22%20Selandia%20launched%2C%20the%20first%20ocean-going%2C%20diesel%20engine-driven%20ship&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Ville |first1=Simon |title=Shipbuilding in the United Kingdom in the Nineteenth Century: A Regional Approach |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=65BHDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA171&dq=%22in+1911%22+Selandia+launched,+the+first+ocean-going,+diesel+engine-driven+ship&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjlmc7yvOPbAhXHiZAKHat_CZQQ6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201911%22%20Selandia%20launched%2C%20the%20first%20ocean-going%2C%20diesel%20engine-driven%20ship&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Kaplan |first1=Philip |title=Naval Air: Celebrating a Century of Naval Flying |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=s5TwAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&dq=%22in+1918%22+%22+HMS+Furious%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiFsqCbsuPbAhVBF5AKHRfPBfYQ6AEIOjAD#v=onepage&q=%22in%201918%22%20%22%20HMS%20Furious%22&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|Denmark}}
Line 79: Line 79:
 
| 1914 || Infrastructure || The {{w|Panama Canal}} opens.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Aguirre |first1=Robert |title=The Panama Canal |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=3u2wCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA264&dq=%22in+1914%22+%22Panama+Canal%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiaqKfJjOHbAhWGHZAKHRDaAQcQ6AEIMjAC#v=onepage&q=%22in%201914%22%20%22Panama%20Canal%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=the panama canal in transition |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=fOCajLgpSDwC&pg=PA14&dq=%22in+1914%22+%22Panama+Canal%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiaqKfJjOHbAhWGHZAKHRDaAQcQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%22in%201914%22%20%22Panama%20Canal%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=LOIZILLON |first1=GABRIEL J. |title=THE BUNAU-VARILLA BROTHERS AND THE PANAMA CANAL |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=iKsRBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA48&dq=%22in+1914%22+%22Panama+Canal%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiaqKfJjOHbAhWGHZAKHRDaAQcQ6AEIPjAE#v=onepage&q=%22in%201914%22%20%22Panama%20Canal%22&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|Panama}}
 
| 1914 || Infrastructure || The {{w|Panama Canal}} opens.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Aguirre |first1=Robert |title=The Panama Canal |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=3u2wCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA264&dq=%22in+1914%22+%22Panama+Canal%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiaqKfJjOHbAhWGHZAKHRDaAQcQ6AEIMjAC#v=onepage&q=%22in%201914%22%20%22Panama%20Canal%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=the panama canal in transition |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=fOCajLgpSDwC&pg=PA14&dq=%22in+1914%22+%22Panama+Canal%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiaqKfJjOHbAhWGHZAKHRDaAQcQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%22in%201914%22%20%22Panama%20Canal%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=LOIZILLON |first1=GABRIEL J. |title=THE BUNAU-VARILLA BROTHERS AND THE PANAMA CANAL |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=iKsRBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA48&dq=%22in+1914%22+%22Panama+Canal%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiaqKfJjOHbAhWGHZAKHRDaAQcQ6AEIPjAE#v=onepage&q=%22in%201914%22%20%22Panama%20Canal%22&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|Panama}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1915 || Watercraft || Austrian naval officer {{w|Dagobert Müller von Thomamühl}} creates the first [[w:hovercraft|air cushion torpedo speedboat]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Müller (von) Thomamühl, Dagobert |url=https://austria-forum.org/af/Biographien/M%C3%BCller-Thomam%C3%BChl%2C_Dagobert |website=austria-forum.org |accessdate=21 June 2018}}</ref> || {{w|Austria}}
+
| 1915 || Watercraft type || Austrian naval officer {{w|Dagobert Müller von Thomamühl}} creates the first [[w:hovercraft|air cushion torpedo speedboat]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Müller (von) Thomamühl, Dagobert |url=https://austria-forum.org/af/Biographien/M%C3%BCller-Thomam%C3%BChl%2C_Dagobert |website=austria-forum.org |accessdate=21 June 2018}}</ref> || {{w|Austria}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1918 || Watercraft || The {{w|HMS Furious (47)}} becomes the first {{w|aircraft carrier}} used in warfare.<ref>{{cite book |title=Shipbuilding and Shipping Record, Volume 49, Part 2 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=1Z0PAAAAIAAJ&q=%22in+1918%22+%22+HMS+Furious%22&dq=%22in+1918%22+%22+HMS+Furious%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiFsqCbsuPbAhVBF5AKHRfPBfYQ6AEISzAG}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Friedman |first1=Norman |title=British carrier aviation: the evolution of the ships and their aircraft |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=71svAAAAMAAJ&q=%22in+1918%22+%22+HMS+Furious%22&dq=%22in+1918%22+%22+HMS+Furious%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiFsqCbsuPbAhVBF5AKHRfPBfYQ6AEIWTAJ}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Kaplan |first1=Philip |title=Naval Air: Celebrating a Century of Naval Flying |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=s5TwAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&dq=%22in+1918%22+%22+HMS+Furious%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiFsqCbsuPbAhVBF5AKHRfPBfYQ6AEIOjAD#v=onepage&q=%22in%201918%22%20%22%20HMS%20Furious%22&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
+
| 1918 || Watercraft type || The {{w|HMS Furious (47)}} becomes the first {{w|aircraft carrier}} used in warfare.<ref>{{cite book |title=Shipbuilding and Shipping Record, Volume 49, Part 2 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=1Z0PAAAAIAAJ&q=%22in+1918%22+%22+HMS+Furious%22&dq=%22in+1918%22+%22+HMS+Furious%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiFsqCbsuPbAhVBF5AKHRfPBfYQ6AEISzAG}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Friedman |first1=Norman |title=British carrier aviation: the evolution of the ships and their aircraft |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=71svAAAAMAAJ&q=%22in+1918%22+%22+HMS+Furious%22&dq=%22in+1918%22+%22+HMS+Furious%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiFsqCbsuPbAhVBF5AKHRfPBfYQ6AEIWTAJ}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Kaplan |first1=Philip |title=Naval Air: Celebrating a Century of Naval Flying |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=s5TwAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&dq=%22in+1918%22+%22+HMS+Furious%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiFsqCbsuPbAhVBF5AKHRfPBfYQ6AEIOjAD#v=onepage&q=%22in%201918%22%20%22%20HMS%20Furious%22&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 1955 || || {{w|USS Nautilus (SSN-571)}} launches as the world's first [[w:Nuclear marine propulsion|nuclear-powered vessel]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Castellano |first1=Robert N. |title=Alternative Energy Technologies: Opportunities and Markets |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=RUqXHr3WjOIC&pg=PA115&dq=%22in+1955%22+USS+Nautilus+(SSN-571)+launches+as+the+world%27s+first+nuclear-powered+vessel.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj0j7eS1OPbAhUDjJAKHU7ADl4Q6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%22in%201955%22%20USS%20Nautilus%20(SSN-571)%20launches%20as%20the%20world's%20first%20nuclear-powered%20vessel.&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Страутман |first1=Лидия |last2=Гумарова |first2=Шолпан |last3=Сабырбаева |first3=Назигуль |title=Introduction to the World of Physics. Методическое пособие по переводу научно-технических текстов |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=aE48DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT146&dq=%22in+1955%22+USS+Nautilus+(SSN-571)+launches+as+the+world%27s+first+nuclear-powered+vessel.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj0j7eS1OPbAhUDjJAKHU7ADl4Q6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201955%22%20USS%20Nautilus%20(SSN-571)%20launches%20as%20the%20world's%20first%20nuclear-powered%20vessel.&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Skaarup |first1=Harold A. |title=New England Warplanes: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=Me1Ey5kgthgC&pg=PT74&dq=%22in+1955%22+USS+Nautilus+(SSN-571)+launches+as+the+world%27s+first+nuclear-powered+vessel.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj0j7eS1OPbAhUDjJAKHU7ADl4Q6AEINTAC#v=onepage&q=%22in%201955%22%20USS%20Nautilus%20(SSN-571)%20launches%20as%20the%20world's%20first%20nuclear-powered%20vessel.&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 
| 1955 || || {{w|USS Nautilus (SSN-571)}} launches as the world's first [[w:Nuclear marine propulsion|nuclear-powered vessel]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Castellano |first1=Robert N. |title=Alternative Energy Technologies: Opportunities and Markets |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=RUqXHr3WjOIC&pg=PA115&dq=%22in+1955%22+USS+Nautilus+(SSN-571)+launches+as+the+world%27s+first+nuclear-powered+vessel.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj0j7eS1OPbAhUDjJAKHU7ADl4Q6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%22in%201955%22%20USS%20Nautilus%20(SSN-571)%20launches%20as%20the%20world's%20first%20nuclear-powered%20vessel.&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Страутман |first1=Лидия |last2=Гумарова |first2=Шолпан |last3=Сабырбаева |first3=Назигуль |title=Introduction to the World of Physics. Методическое пособие по переводу научно-технических текстов |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=aE48DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT146&dq=%22in+1955%22+USS+Nautilus+(SSN-571)+launches+as+the+world%27s+first+nuclear-powered+vessel.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj0j7eS1OPbAhUDjJAKHU7ADl4Q6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201955%22%20USS%20Nautilus%20(SSN-571)%20launches%20as%20the%20world's%20first%20nuclear-powered%20vessel.&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Skaarup |first1=Harold A. |title=New England Warplanes: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=Me1Ey5kgthgC&pg=PT74&dq=%22in+1955%22+USS+Nautilus+(SSN-571)+launches+as+the+world%27s+first+nuclear-powered+vessel.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj0j7eS1OPbAhUDjJAKHU7ADl4Q6AEINTAC#v=onepage&q=%22in%201955%22%20USS%20Nautilus%20(SSN-571)%20launches%20as%20the%20world's%20first%20nuclear-powered%20vessel.&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}

Revision as of 15:08, 8 July 2018

This is a timeline of water transport, focusing on the evolution of watercraft.

Big picture

Time period Development summary
20th century The container revolution in shipping begins in the late 1960s.[1]
21th century There are more than 6,000 container vessels currently in service.[2]

Full timeline

Year Category Event Geographical location
45000 BC 4The first humans arrive in Australia, presumably by boats and land bridge. Australia
6000 BC Egyptians already travel in reed boats.[3] Egypt
4500 BC Mesopotamians add sails to their boats.[3] Irak
3500 BC Oar-powered ships sail Eastern Mediterranean seas.[3]
2000 BC? The Canal of the Pharaohs is built in Egypt.[4] Egypt
1575 BC – 1520 BC Dover Bronze Age Boat, the oldest known plank vessel, is built.
542 BC Watercraft First written record of a trireme.[5]
247 BC Infrastructure The Lighthouse of Alexandria is completed.[6][7][8] Egypt
214 BC Infrastructure The Lingqu Canal is built. It is the earliest canal recorded in history.[9][10][11] China
c.200 AC Watercraft type Junks are developed in China. China
984 AC Pound locks are used in China.[12][13][14] China
c.1000 AC Leif Ericson reaches North America. This is the first recorded crossing of the Atlantic Ocean.
1088 Technology Chinese polymath Shen Kuo first describes a magnetic compass in his Dream Pool Essays.[15][16][17] China
1620 Watercraft type Dutch engineer Cornelis Drebbel builds the world's first submarine.[18][19][20] Netherlands
1783 Watercraft French engineer Claude de Jouffroy constructs the first recorded steamboat.[21][22][23]
1787 Watercraft type American inventor John Fitch designs the first steamboat in the United States.[24][25][26] United States
1803 Watercraft type Scottish engineer William Symington's Charlotte Dundas, generally considered to be the world's first practical steamboat, makes its first voyage.[27][28][29]
1804 Watercraft type American inventor Oliver Evans builds an early amphibious vehicle.[30][31][32] United States
1807 Watercraft type American engineer Robert Fulton develops its North River Steamboat, the first commercially successful steamboat.[33][34][35] United States
1807 Technology French inventor Nicéphore Niépce patents his Pyréolophore, the world's first internal combustion engine.[36][37][38] France
1819 The SS Savannah makes the first transatlantic crossing by a steamship, from Savannah, Georgia to London.[39][40][41] United States, United Kingdom
1861 Watercraft type The Elizabeth Watt is generally credited for being the first ship to transport a cargo of oil across the Atlantic.[42]
1861 Watercraft type The USS Ice Boat (1861) launches as the first purpose-built icebreaker.[43][44] United States
1864 Technology Ictineo II, by Spanish engineer Narcís Monturiol, becomes the first submarine powered by an internal-combustion engine.[45][46][47] Spain
1869 Infrastructure The Suez Canal opens.[48][49][50] Egypt
1893 Infrastructure The Corinth Canal opens.[51][52][53] Greece
1895 Infrastructure The Kiel Canal opens.[54][55][56] Germany
1897 The Turbinia is launched. It is the first vessel to be powered by a steam turbine.[57][58][59] United Kingdom
1911 Watercraft type Glenn Curtiss builds an early hydroplane.[60][61][62] United States
1911 Technology The MS Selandia becomes the first important ocean-going vessel to be diesel powered.[63][64][65] Denmark
1914 Infrastructure The Panama Canal opens.[66][67][68] Panama
1915 Watercraft type Austrian naval officer Dagobert Müller von Thomamühl creates the first air cushion torpedo speedboat.[69] Austria
1918 Watercraft type The HMS Furious (47) becomes the first aircraft carrier used in warfare.[70][71][72] United Kingdom
1955 USS Nautilus (SSN-571) launches as the world's first nuclear-powered vessel.[73][74][75] United States
1957 Malcom McLean's Gateway City, the first ever ship specifically designed to carry containers, makes its first voyage from New Jersey to Miami.[2] United States
1966 Sea-Land’s Fairland sails from the United States to the Netherlands with 236 containers on-board, in the first international container ship voyage.[2] United States, Netherlands
1966 Around 1% of countries have container ports.[2]
1977 Soviet icebreaker Arktika makes the first surface voyage to the North Pole.[76][77][78]
1983 90% of countries have container ports, up from 1% in 1966.[2]
2003 The Magdeburg Water Bridge opens. Germany
2006 To meet increased demand for cruise ships, Freedom of the Seas is introduced and becomes the largest cruise liner ever. It has 18 decks and can carry 4,000 passengers.
2009 delivery of Royal Caribbean’s “Project Genesis”, which will be 43% larger than any other cruise ship, weighing 220,000 tons and carrying 5,400 passengers.
2018 MS Symphony of the Seas, the world's largest cruise ship by gross tonnage at 228,021 GT, sets sail from Barcelona.[79] Spain

Meta information on the timeline

How the timeline was built

The initial version of the timeline was written by User:Sebastian.

Funding information for this timeline is available.

What the timeline is still missing

Timeline of transportation technology page 625, [1], [2], [3], Maritime timeline

Timeline update strategy

See also

External links

References

  1. ↑ Stratton, Michael; Trinder, Barrie Stuart. Twentieth Century Industrial Archaeology. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 "A Complete History Of The Shipping Container". containerhomeplans.org. Retrieved 20 June 2018. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 McFaul, Thomas R.; Brunsting, Al. God Is Here to Stay: Science, Evolution, and Belief in God. 
  4. ↑ Burchell, S. C. The Suez Canal. 
  5. ↑ Treister, Michail Yu. The Role of Metals in Ancient Greek History. 
  6. ↑ Kamath, Anjali. Seven Wonders Of Worlds. 
  7. ↑ Splinter, Robert. Illustrated Encyclopedia of Applied and Engineering Physics, Three-Volume Set. 
  8. ↑ Cline, Teresa. On a Tall Budget and Short Attention Span (Full Color). 
  9. ↑ Sweeting, Marjorie M. Karst in China: Its Geomorphology and Environment. 
  10. ↑ Developing Gratitude in Children and Adolescents (Jonathan R. H. Tudge, Lia Beatriz de Lucca Freitas ed.). 
  11. ↑ Xu, Gang. Tourism and Local Development in China: Case Studies of Guilin, Suzhou and Beidaihe. 
  12. ↑ Temple, Robert K. G. China: Land of Discovery [and Invention]. 
  13. ↑ Menzies, Gavin. 1434: The Year a Magnificent Chinese Fleet Sailed to Italy and Ignited the Renaissance. 
  14. ↑ Landry, Elaine; Dartford, Mark; Morris, Trevor. The New Illustrated Science and Invention Encyclopedia: The New how it Works, Volume 11. 
  15. ↑ Stein, Stephen K. The Sea in World History: Exploration, Travel, and Trade [2 volumes]. 
  16. ↑ DK. Science Year by Year: A Visual History, From Stone Tools to Space Travel. 
  17. ↑ Whitehouse, David. Journey to the Centre of the Earth: The Remarkable Voyage of Scientific Discovery into the Heart of Our World. 
  18. ↑ Thornton, W.M. Submarine Insignia and Submarine Services of the World. 
  19. ↑ The Submarine. United States Navy. 
  20. ↑ Broadwater, Robert P. Civil War Special Forces: The Elite and Distinct Fighting Units of the Union and Confederate Armies: The Elite and Distinct Fighting Units of the Union and Confederate Armies. 
  21. ↑ Mapp, Alf J. Three Golden Ages: Discovering the Creative Secrets of Renaissance Florence, Elizabethan England, and America's Founding. 
  22. ↑ Owen Philip, Cynthia. Robert Fulton: A Biography. 
  23. ↑ Headrick, Daniel R. Power over Peoples: Technology, Environments, and Western Imperialism, 1400 to the Present. 
  24. ↑ McCloy, Shelby T. French Inventions of the Eighteenth Century. 
  25. ↑ Grayson, Robert. The U.S. Industrial Revolution. 
  26. ↑ Barth, Linda J. New Jersey Originals: Technological Marvels, Odd Inventions, Trailblazing Characters and More. 
  27. ↑ Growing Up with Science. Marshall Cavendish Corporation. 
  28. ↑ Lienhard, John H. How Invention Begins: Echoes of Old Voices in the Rise of New Machines. 
  29. ↑ Wolmar, Christian. The Great Railway Revolution: The Epic Story of the American Railroad. 
  30. ↑ Shallat, Todd A. Structures in the Stream: Water, Science, and the Rise of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 
  31. ↑ Jefferson, Thomas. The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Retirement Series, Volume 7: 28 November 1813 to 30 September 1814. 
  32. ↑ Clark, Daniel-Kinnear; Colburn, Zerah. Recent Practice in the Locomotive Engine ... Comprising the Latest English Improvements, and a Treatise on the Locomotive Engines of the United States. 
  33. ↑ Schwarz, George R. The Steamboat Phoenix and the Archaeology of Early Steam Navigation in North America. 
  34. ↑ Adams, Arthur G. The Hudson Through the Years. 
  35. ↑ Ward, John D. An Account of the Steamboat Controversy Between the Citizens of New York and New Jersey, from 1811 to 1824: Originating in the Asserted Claim of New York to the Exclusive Jurisdiction Over All the Waters Between the Two States. 
  36. ↑ Hannavy, John. Encyclopedia of nineteenth-century photography: A-I, index. 
  37. ↑ Winterton, Wayne. Stories from History’S Dust Bin, Volume 1. 
  38. ↑ Hughes, Stefan. Catchers of the Light: The Forgotten Lives of the Men and Women Who First Photographed the Heavens. 
  39. ↑ McDonogh, Gary W. Black and Catholic in Savannah, Georgia. 
  40. ↑ Blume, Kenneth J. Historical Dictionary of the U.S. Maritime Industry. 
  41. ↑ Beney, Peter. The Majesty of Savannah. 
  42. ↑ "Historical Development of the Pipeline as a Mode of Transportation" (PDF). gammathetaupsilon.org. Retrieved 18 August 2017. 
  43. ↑ "NavSource Online: "Old Navy" Ship Photo Archive". navsource.org. Retrieved 21 June 2018. 
  44. ↑ "Phila. Ice Boat. Navy Yard. Washington DC May 23/61.". americancivilwarphotos.com. Retrieved 21 June 2018. 
  45. ↑ Verne, Jules. Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea. 
  46. ↑ Cairns, Lynne. Secret Fleets: Fremantle's World War II Submarine Base. 
  47. ↑ Chaffin, Tom. The H. L. Hunley: The Secret Hope of the Confederacy. 
  48. ↑ Raugh, Harold E. The Victorians at War, 1815-1914: An Encyclopedia of British Military History. 
  49. ↑ Burns, Maria G. Port Management and Operations. 
  50. ↑ Graf, Arndt; Huat, Chua Beng. Port Cities in Asia and Europe. 
  51. ↑ De Wire, Elinor; Reyes-Pergioudakis, Dolores. The Lighthouses of Greece. 
  52. ↑ di Castri, F.; Hansen, A.J.; Debussche, M. Biological Invasions in Europe and the Mediterranean Basin. 
  53. ↑ Tan, T. S. Characterisation and Engineering Properties of Natural Soils, Volume 2. 
  54. ↑ Yang, Haijiang. Jurisdiction of the Coastal State over Foreign Merchant Ships in Internal Waters and the Territorial Sea. 
  55. ↑ Aust, Anthony. Handbook of International Law. 
  56. ↑ Platzöder, Renate; Verlaan, Philomène A. The Baltic Sea: New Developments in National Policies and International Cooperation. 
  57. ↑ Blume, Kenneth J. Historical Dictionary of the U.S. Maritime Industry. 
  58. ↑ Newton, David E. Encyclopedia of Water. 
  59. ↑ DK. 1000 Inventions and Discoveries. 
  60. ↑ San Diego: a California City. San Diego Historical Society. 
  61. ↑ Flying Magazine May 1967. 
  62. ↑ Great Soviet Encyclopedia. 
  63. ↑ Schobert, Harold H. Energy and Society: An Introduction. 
  64. ↑ Ville, Simon. Shipbuilding in the United Kingdom in the Nineteenth Century: A Regional Approach. 
  65. ↑ Kaplan, Philip. Naval Air: Celebrating a Century of Naval Flying. 
  66. ↑ Aguirre, Robert. The Panama Canal. 
  67. ↑ the panama canal in transition. 
  68. ↑ LOIZILLON, GABRIEL J. THE BUNAU-VARILLA BROTHERS AND THE PANAMA CANAL. 
  69. ↑ "Müller (von) Thomamühl, Dagobert". austria-forum.org. Retrieved 21 June 2018. 
  70. ↑ Shipbuilding and Shipping Record, Volume 49, Part 2. 
  71. ↑ Friedman, Norman. British carrier aviation: the evolution of the ships and their aircraft. 
  72. ↑ Kaplan, Philip. Naval Air: Celebrating a Century of Naval Flying. 
  73. ↑ Castellano, Robert N. Alternative Energy Technologies: Opportunities and Markets. 
  74. ↑ Страутман, Лидия; Гумарова, Шолпан; Сабырбаева, Назигуль. Introduction to the World of Physics. Методическое пособие по переводу научно-технических текстов. 
  75. ↑ Skaarup, Harold A. New England Warplanes: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut. 
  76. ↑ Valsson, Trausti. How the World Will Change with Global Warming. 
  77. ↑ Nuttall, Mark. Encyclopedia of the Arctic. 
  78. ↑ Armstrong, Terence E.; Okhuizen, Edwin; Bulatov, V. N.; Nielsen, Jens Petter. Historical and Current Uses of the Northern Sea Route: ] pt. 4. the administration of the northern sea route (1917-1991). 
  79. ↑ "Symphony of the Seas: World's largest cruise ship sets sail". edition.cnn.com. Retrieved 21 June 2018. 
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