Difference between revisions of "Timeline of water transport"

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! Year !! Category !! Event !! Geographical location
 
! Year !! Category !! Event !! Geographical location
 
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| 45000 BC || || 4The first humans arrive in {{w|Australia}}, presumably by boats and land bridge. || {{w|Australia}}
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| 45000 BC || Notable voyage || 4The first humans arrive in {{w|Australia}}, presumably by boats and land bridge. || {{w|Australia}}
 
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| 6000 BC || || Egyptians already travel in reed boats.<ref name="God Is Here to Stay: Science, Evolution, and Belief in God">{{cite book |last1=McFaul |first1=Thomas R. |last2=Brunsting |first2=Al |title=God Is Here to Stay: Science, Evolution, and Belief in God |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=9HANBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT36&lpg=PT36&dq=%223500%22+Oar-powered+ships+sail+Eastern+Mediterranean+seas&source=bl&ots=B7ei9R-dpl&sig=ENE3Y_i_zAm04vuKmlOXpQrPtYE&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjpzaLI9ODbAhXMCpAKHYJgCI8Q6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%223500%22%20Oar-powered%20ships%20sail%20Eastern%20Mediterranean%20seas&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|Egypt}}
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| 6000 BC || Watercraf type || Egyptians already travel in reed boats.<ref name="God Is Here to Stay: Science, Evolution, and Belief in God">{{cite book |last1=McFaul |first1=Thomas R. |last2=Brunsting |first2=Al |title=God Is Here to Stay: Science, Evolution, and Belief in God |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=9HANBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT36&lpg=PT36&dq=%223500%22+Oar-powered+ships+sail+Eastern+Mediterranean+seas&source=bl&ots=B7ei9R-dpl&sig=ENE3Y_i_zAm04vuKmlOXpQrPtYE&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjpzaLI9ODbAhXMCpAKHYJgCI8Q6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%223500%22%20Oar-powered%20ships%20sail%20Eastern%20Mediterranean%20seas&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|Egypt}}
 
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| 4500 BC || || {{w|Mesopotamia}}ns add {{w|sail}}s to their boats.<ref name="God Is Here to Stay: Science, Evolution, and Belief in God"/> || {{w|Irak}}
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| 4500 BC || Technology || {{w|Mesopotamia}}ns add {{w|sail}}s to their boats.<ref name="God Is Here to Stay: Science, Evolution, and Belief in God"/> || {{w|Irak}}
 
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| 3500 BC || || Oar-powered ships sail Eastern Mediterranean seas.<ref name="God Is Here to Stay: Science, Evolution, and Belief in God"/> ||
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| 3500 BC || Watercraft type || Oar-powered ships sail Eastern Mediterranean seas.<ref name="God Is Here to Stay: Science, Evolution, and Belief in God"/> ||
 
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| 2000 BC? || || The {{w|Canal of the Pharaohs}} is built in Egypt.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Burchell |first1=S. C. |title=The Suez Canal |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=I9dKDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT16&dq=6th+century+BC+The+%22Canal+of+the+Pharaohs%22+is+built+in+Egypt.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiYkdOz_OLbAhVJPJAKHe9ZDEMQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=6th%20century%20BC%20The%20%22Canal%20of%20the%20Pharaohs%22%20is%20built%20in%20Egypt.&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|Egypt}}
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| 2000 BC? || Infrastructure || The {{w|Canal of the Pharaohs}} is built in Egypt.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Burchell |first1=S. C. |title=The Suez Canal |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=I9dKDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT16&dq=6th+century+BC+The+%22Canal+of+the+Pharaohs%22+is+built+in+Egypt.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiYkdOz_OLbAhVJPJAKHe9ZDEMQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=6th%20century%20BC%20The%20%22Canal%20of%20the%20Pharaohs%22%20is%20built%20in%20Egypt.&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|Egypt}}
 
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| 1575 BC – 1520 BC || || {{w|Dover Bronze Age Boat}}, the oldest known plank vessel, is built. ||
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| 1575 BC – 1520 BC || Watercraft type || {{w|Dover Bronze Age Boat}}, the oldest known plank vessel, is built. ||
 
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| 542 BC || Watercraft || First written record of a {{w|trireme}}.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Treister |first1=Michail Yu |title=The Role of Metals in Ancient Greek History |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=dcTexDa4I0kC&pg=PA139&dq=542+BC++trireme.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiltL7EuJDcAhXCDpAKHaMgCXwQ6AEIMDAB#v=onepage&q=542%20BC%20%20trireme.&f=false}}</ref> ||
 
| 542 BC || Watercraft || First written record of a {{w|trireme}}.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Treister |first1=Michail Yu |title=The Role of Metals in Ancient Greek History |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=dcTexDa4I0kC&pg=PA139&dq=542+BC++trireme.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiltL7EuJDcAhXCDpAKHaMgCXwQ6AEIMDAB#v=onepage&q=542%20BC%20%20trireme.&f=false}}</ref> ||
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| c.200 AC || Watercraft type || [[w:junk (ship)|Junks]] are developed in China.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chinese junks |url=https://www.historyanswers.co.uk/inventions/chinese-junks/ |website=historyanswers.co.uk |accessdate=8 July 2018}}</ref> || {{w|China}}
 
| c.200 AC || Watercraft type || [[w:junk (ship)|Junks]] are developed in China.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chinese junks |url=https://www.historyanswers.co.uk/inventions/chinese-junks/ |website=historyanswers.co.uk |accessdate=8 July 2018}}</ref> || {{w|China}}
 
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| 984 AC || || {{w|Pound lock}}s are used in China.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Temple |first1=Robert K. G. |title=China: Land of Discovery [and Invention] |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=6FVwAAAAMAAJ&q=%22984%22+Pound+locks+are+used+in+China&dq=%22984%22+Pound+locks+are+used+in+China&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjHi86ZtOHbAhUCS5AKHWNkCZoQ6AEINzAD}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Menzies |first1=Gavin |title=1434: The Year a Magnificent Chinese Fleet Sailed to Italy and Ignited the Renaissance |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=LR4RAQAAIAAJ&q=%22984%22+Pound+locks+are+used+in+China&dq=%22984%22+Pound+locks+are+used+in+China&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjHi86ZtOHbAhUCS5AKHWNkCZoQ6AEIOzAE}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Landry |first1=Elaine |last2=Dartford |first2=Mark |last3=Morris |first3=Trevor |title=The New Illustrated Science and Invention Encyclopedia: The New how it Works, Volume 11 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=nmdFAAAAYAAJ&q=%22984%22+Pound+locks+are+used+in+China&dq=%22984%22+Pound+locks+are+used+in+China&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjHi86ZtOHbAhUCS5AKHWNkCZoQ6AEIQDAF}}</ref> || {{w|China}}
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| 984 AC || Infrastructure || {{w|Pound lock}}s are used in China.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Temple |first1=Robert K. G. |title=China: Land of Discovery [and Invention] |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=6FVwAAAAMAAJ&q=%22984%22+Pound+locks+are+used+in+China&dq=%22984%22+Pound+locks+are+used+in+China&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjHi86ZtOHbAhUCS5AKHWNkCZoQ6AEINzAD}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Menzies |first1=Gavin |title=1434: The Year a Magnificent Chinese Fleet Sailed to Italy and Ignited the Renaissance |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=LR4RAQAAIAAJ&q=%22984%22+Pound+locks+are+used+in+China&dq=%22984%22+Pound+locks+are+used+in+China&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjHi86ZtOHbAhUCS5AKHWNkCZoQ6AEIOzAE}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Landry |first1=Elaine |last2=Dartford |first2=Mark |last3=Morris |first3=Trevor |title=The New Illustrated Science and Invention Encyclopedia: The New how it Works, Volume 11 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=nmdFAAAAYAAJ&q=%22984%22+Pound+locks+are+used+in+China&dq=%22984%22+Pound+locks+are+used+in+China&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjHi86ZtOHbAhUCS5AKHWNkCZoQ6AEIQDAF}}</ref> || {{w|China}}
 
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| c.1000 AC || || {{w|Leif Ericson}} reaches North America. This is the first recorded crossing of the {{w|Atlantic Ocean}}. ||
 
| c.1000 AC || || {{w|Leif Ericson}} reaches North America. This is the first recorded crossing of the {{w|Atlantic Ocean}}. ||
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| 1807 || Technology || French inventor {{w|Nicéphore Niépce}} patents his {{w|Pyréolophore}}, the world's first internal combustion engine.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hannavy |first1=John |title=Encyclopedia of nineteenth-century photography: A-I, index |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=PJ8DHBay4_EC&pg=PA1003&dq=%22in+1807%22+Nic%C3%A9phore+Ni%C3%A9pce&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwid6qmStuHbAhVGEZAKHVp9DQwQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%22in%201807%22%20Nic%C3%A9phore%20Ni%C3%A9pce&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Winterton |first1=Wayne |title=Stories from History’S Dust Bin, Volume 1 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=6IbqCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT211&dq=%22in+1807%22+Nic%C3%A9phore+Ni%C3%A9pce&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwid6qmStuHbAhVGEZAKHVp9DQwQ6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201807%22%20Nic%C3%A9phore%20Ni%C3%A9pce&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Hughes |first1=Stefan |title=Catchers of the Light: The Forgotten Lives of the Men and Women Who First Photographed the Heavens |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=iZk5OOf7fVYC&pg=PA11&dq=%22in+1807%22+Nic%C3%A9phore+Ni%C3%A9pce&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwid6qmStuHbAhVGEZAKHVp9DQwQ6AEINDAC#v=onepage&q=%22in%201807%22%20Nic%C3%A9phore%20Ni%C3%A9pce&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|France}}
 
| 1807 || Technology || French inventor {{w|Nicéphore Niépce}} patents his {{w|Pyréolophore}}, the world's first internal combustion engine.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hannavy |first1=John |title=Encyclopedia of nineteenth-century photography: A-I, index |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=PJ8DHBay4_EC&pg=PA1003&dq=%22in+1807%22+Nic%C3%A9phore+Ni%C3%A9pce&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwid6qmStuHbAhVGEZAKHVp9DQwQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%22in%201807%22%20Nic%C3%A9phore%20Ni%C3%A9pce&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Winterton |first1=Wayne |title=Stories from History’S Dust Bin, Volume 1 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=6IbqCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT211&dq=%22in+1807%22+Nic%C3%A9phore+Ni%C3%A9pce&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwid6qmStuHbAhVGEZAKHVp9DQwQ6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201807%22%20Nic%C3%A9phore%20Ni%C3%A9pce&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Hughes |first1=Stefan |title=Catchers of the Light: The Forgotten Lives of the Men and Women Who First Photographed the Heavens |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=iZk5OOf7fVYC&pg=PA11&dq=%22in+1807%22+Nic%C3%A9phore+Ni%C3%A9pce&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwid6qmStuHbAhVGEZAKHVp9DQwQ6AEINDAC#v=onepage&q=%22in%201807%22%20Nic%C3%A9phore%20Ni%C3%A9pce&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|France}}
 
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| 1819 || || The {{w|SS Savannah}} makes the first transatlantic crossing by a steamship, from {{w|Savannah, Georgia}} to {{w|London}}.<ref>{{cite book |last1=McDonogh |first1=Gary W. |title=Black and Catholic in Savannah, Georgia |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=ZAdb_5sW4HwC&pg=PA26&dq=%22in+1819%22+%22ss+savannah%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiIlpbV1uPbAhUIH5AKHbJqBxoQ6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201819%22%20%22ss%20savannah%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Blume |first1=Kenneth J. |title=Historical Dictionary of the U.S. Maritime Industry |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=r_jTIbdFUnYC&pg=PA430&dq=%22in+1819%22+%22ss+savannah%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiIlpbV1uPbAhUIH5AKHbJqBxoQ6AEINDAC#v=onepage&q=%22in%201819%22%20%22ss%20savannah%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Beney |first1=Peter |title=The Majesty of Savannah |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=G0vsqvhgKTUC&pg=PA17&dq=%22in+1819%22+%22ss+savannah%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiIlpbV1uPbAhUIH5AKHbJqBxoQ6AEIOjAD#v=onepage&q=%22in%201819%22%20%22ss%20savannah%22&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}, {{w|United Kingdom}}
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| 1819 || Technology || The {{w|SS Savannah}} makes the first transatlantic crossing by a steamship, from {{w|Savannah, Georgia}} to {{w|London}}.<ref>{{cite book |last1=McDonogh |first1=Gary W. |title=Black and Catholic in Savannah, Georgia |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=ZAdb_5sW4HwC&pg=PA26&dq=%22in+1819%22+%22ss+savannah%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiIlpbV1uPbAhUIH5AKHbJqBxoQ6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201819%22%20%22ss%20savannah%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Blume |first1=Kenneth J. |title=Historical Dictionary of the U.S. Maritime Industry |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=r_jTIbdFUnYC&pg=PA430&dq=%22in+1819%22+%22ss+savannah%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiIlpbV1uPbAhUIH5AKHbJqBxoQ6AEINDAC#v=onepage&q=%22in%201819%22%20%22ss%20savannah%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Beney |first1=Peter |title=The Majesty of Savannah |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=G0vsqvhgKTUC&pg=PA17&dq=%22in+1819%22+%22ss+savannah%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiIlpbV1uPbAhUIH5AKHbJqBxoQ6AEIOjAD#v=onepage&q=%22in%201819%22%20%22ss%20savannah%22&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}, {{w|United Kingdom}}
 
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| 1861 || Watercraft type || The Elizabeth Watt is generally credited for being the first ship to transport a cargo of oil across the Atlantic.<ref name="Historical Development of the Pipeline as a Mode of Transportation">{{cite web|title=Historical Development of the Pipeline as a Mode of Transportation|url=http://gammathetaupsilon.org/the-geographical-bulletin/2000s/volume43-2/article4.pdf|website=gammathetaupsilon.org|accessdate=18 August 2017}}</ref> ||
 
| 1861 || Watercraft type || The Elizabeth Watt is generally credited for being the first ship to transport a cargo of oil across the Atlantic.<ref name="Historical Development of the Pipeline as a Mode of Transportation">{{cite web|title=Historical Development of the Pipeline as a Mode of Transportation|url=http://gammathetaupsilon.org/the-geographical-bulletin/2000s/volume43-2/article4.pdf|website=gammathetaupsilon.org|accessdate=18 August 2017}}</ref> ||
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| 1895 || Infrastructure || The {{w|Kiel Canal}} opens.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Yang |first1=Haijiang |title=Jurisdiction of the Coastal State over Foreign Merchant Ships in Internal Waters and the Territorial Sea |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=EYnfBYoa3x0C&pg=PA79&dq=%22in+1895%22+The+Kiel+Canal+opens&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi6nYmQwOPbAhVLgpAKHWZDAxQQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%22in%201895%22%20The%20Kiel%20Canal%20opens&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Aust |first1=Anthony |title=Handbook of International Law |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=74Zmct-7hGIC&pg=PA336&dq=%22in+1895%22+The+Kiel+Canal+opens&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi6nYmQwOPbAhVLgpAKHWZDAxQQ6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201895%22%20The%20Kiel%20Canal%20opens&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Platzöder |first1=Renate |last2=Verlaan |first2=Philomène A. |title=The Baltic Sea: New Developments in National Policies and International Cooperation |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=AyIU6XIeDKwC&pg=PA135&dq=%22in+1895%22+The+Kiel+Canal+opens&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi6nYmQwOPbAhVLgpAKHWZDAxQQ6AEINDAC#v=onepage&q=%22in%201895%22%20The%20Kiel%20Canal%20opens&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|Germany}}
 
| 1895 || Infrastructure || The {{w|Kiel Canal}} opens.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Yang |first1=Haijiang |title=Jurisdiction of the Coastal State over Foreign Merchant Ships in Internal Waters and the Territorial Sea |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=EYnfBYoa3x0C&pg=PA79&dq=%22in+1895%22+The+Kiel+Canal+opens&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi6nYmQwOPbAhVLgpAKHWZDAxQQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%22in%201895%22%20The%20Kiel%20Canal%20opens&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Aust |first1=Anthony |title=Handbook of International Law |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=74Zmct-7hGIC&pg=PA336&dq=%22in+1895%22+The+Kiel+Canal+opens&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi6nYmQwOPbAhVLgpAKHWZDAxQQ6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201895%22%20The%20Kiel%20Canal%20opens&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Platzöder |first1=Renate |last2=Verlaan |first2=Philomène A. |title=The Baltic Sea: New Developments in National Policies and International Cooperation |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=AyIU6XIeDKwC&pg=PA135&dq=%22in+1895%22+The+Kiel+Canal+opens&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi6nYmQwOPbAhVLgpAKHWZDAxQQ6AEINDAC#v=onepage&q=%22in%201895%22%20The%20Kiel%20Canal%20opens&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|Germany}}
 
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| 1897 || || The {{w|Turbinia}} is launched. It is the first vessel to be powered by a steam turbine.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Blume |first1=Kenneth J. |title=Historical Dictionary of the U.S. Maritime Industry |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=r_jTIbdFUnYC&pg=PA304&dq=%22in+1897%22+The+Turbinia+is+launched.+It+is+the+first+vessel+to+be+powered+by+a+steam+turbine.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwim5tf-wePbAhWDkpAKHUnvDCAQ6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201897%22%20The%20Turbinia%20is%20launched.%20It%20is%20the%20first%20vessel%20to%20be%20powered%20by%20a%20steam%20turbine.&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Newton |first1=David E. |title=Encyclopedia of Water |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=-_k5AQAAIAAJ&q=%22in+1897%22+The+Turbinia+is+launched.+It+is+the+first+vessel+to+be+powered+by+a+steam+turbine.&dq=%22in+1897%22+The+Turbinia+is+launched.+It+is+the+first+vessel+to+be+powered+by+a+steam+turbine.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwim5tf-wePbAhWDkpAKHUnvDCAQ6AEIQDAE}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=DK |title=1000 Inventions and Discoveries |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=IztIBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA167&dq=%22in+1897%22+The+Turbinia+is+launched.+It+is+the+first+vessel+to+be+powered+by+a+steam+turbine.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwim5tf-wePbAhWDkpAKHUnvDCAQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%22in%201897%22%20The%20Turbinia%20is%20launched.%20It%20is%20the%20first%20vessel%20to%20be%20powered%20by%20a%20steam%20turbine.&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
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| 1897 || Watercraft type || The {{w|Turbinia}} is launched. It is the first vessel to be powered by a steam turbine.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Blume |first1=Kenneth J. |title=Historical Dictionary of the U.S. Maritime Industry |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=r_jTIbdFUnYC&pg=PA304&dq=%22in+1897%22+The+Turbinia+is+launched.+It+is+the+first+vessel+to+be+powered+by+a+steam+turbine.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwim5tf-wePbAhWDkpAKHUnvDCAQ6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201897%22%20The%20Turbinia%20is%20launched.%20It%20is%20the%20first%20vessel%20to%20be%20powered%20by%20a%20steam%20turbine.&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Newton |first1=David E. |title=Encyclopedia of Water |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=-_k5AQAAIAAJ&q=%22in+1897%22+The+Turbinia+is+launched.+It+is+the+first+vessel+to+be+powered+by+a+steam+turbine.&dq=%22in+1897%22+The+Turbinia+is+launched.+It+is+the+first+vessel+to+be+powered+by+a+steam+turbine.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwim5tf-wePbAhWDkpAKHUnvDCAQ6AEIQDAE}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=DK |title=1000 Inventions and Discoveries |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=IztIBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA167&dq=%22in+1897%22+The+Turbinia+is+launched.+It+is+the+first+vessel+to+be+powered+by+a+steam+turbine.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwim5tf-wePbAhWDkpAKHUnvDCAQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%22in%201897%22%20The%20Turbinia%20is%20launched.%20It%20is%20the%20first%20vessel%20to%20be%20powered%20by%20a%20steam%20turbine.&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 1911 || Watercraft type || Glenn Curtiss builds an early {{w|hydroplane}}.<ref>{{cite book |title=San Diego: a California City |publisher=San Diego Historical Society |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=KLpwAAAAMAAJ&q=%22in+1911%22+%22first+hydroplane%22&dq=%22in+1911%22+%22first+hydroplane%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjA8ufSuODbAhUBnZAKHShTBlkQ6AEIUjAJ}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Flying Magazine May 1967 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=ZpF3_9SawgQC&pg=PA57&dq=%22in+1911%22+%22first+hydroplane%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjA8ufSuODbAhUBnZAKHShTBlkQ6AEIOTAD#v=onepage&q=%22in%201911%22%20%22first%20hydroplane%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Great Soviet Encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=3mHSiteDJ20C&q=%22in+1911%22+%22first+hydroplane%22&dq=%22in+1911%22+%22first+hydroplane%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjA8ufSuODbAhUBnZAKHShTBlkQ6AEITjAI}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 
| 1911 || Watercraft type || Glenn Curtiss builds an early {{w|hydroplane}}.<ref>{{cite book |title=San Diego: a California City |publisher=San Diego Historical Society |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=KLpwAAAAMAAJ&q=%22in+1911%22+%22first+hydroplane%22&dq=%22in+1911%22+%22first+hydroplane%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjA8ufSuODbAhUBnZAKHShTBlkQ6AEIUjAJ}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Flying Magazine May 1967 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=ZpF3_9SawgQC&pg=PA57&dq=%22in+1911%22+%22first+hydroplane%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjA8ufSuODbAhUBnZAKHShTBlkQ6AEIOTAD#v=onepage&q=%22in%201911%22%20%22first%20hydroplane%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Great Soviet Encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=3mHSiteDJ20C&q=%22in+1911%22+%22first+hydroplane%22&dq=%22in+1911%22+%22first+hydroplane%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjA8ufSuODbAhUBnZAKHShTBlkQ6AEITjAI}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
Line 83: Line 83:
 
| 1918 || Watercraft type || The {{w|HMS Furious (47)}} becomes the first {{w|aircraft carrier}} used in warfare.<ref>{{cite book |title=Shipbuilding and Shipping Record, Volume 49, Part 2 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=1Z0PAAAAIAAJ&q=%22in+1918%22+%22+HMS+Furious%22&dq=%22in+1918%22+%22+HMS+Furious%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiFsqCbsuPbAhVBF5AKHRfPBfYQ6AEISzAG}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Friedman |first1=Norman |title=British carrier aviation: the evolution of the ships and their aircraft |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=71svAAAAMAAJ&q=%22in+1918%22+%22+HMS+Furious%22&dq=%22in+1918%22+%22+HMS+Furious%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiFsqCbsuPbAhVBF5AKHRfPBfYQ6AEIWTAJ}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Kaplan |first1=Philip |title=Naval Air: Celebrating a Century of Naval Flying |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=s5TwAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&dq=%22in+1918%22+%22+HMS+Furious%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiFsqCbsuPbAhVBF5AKHRfPBfYQ6AEIOjAD#v=onepage&q=%22in%201918%22%20%22%20HMS%20Furious%22&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
 
| 1918 || Watercraft type || The {{w|HMS Furious (47)}} becomes the first {{w|aircraft carrier}} used in warfare.<ref>{{cite book |title=Shipbuilding and Shipping Record, Volume 49, Part 2 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=1Z0PAAAAIAAJ&q=%22in+1918%22+%22+HMS+Furious%22&dq=%22in+1918%22+%22+HMS+Furious%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiFsqCbsuPbAhVBF5AKHRfPBfYQ6AEISzAG}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Friedman |first1=Norman |title=British carrier aviation: the evolution of the ships and their aircraft |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=71svAAAAMAAJ&q=%22in+1918%22+%22+HMS+Furious%22&dq=%22in+1918%22+%22+HMS+Furious%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiFsqCbsuPbAhVBF5AKHRfPBfYQ6AEIWTAJ}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Kaplan |first1=Philip |title=Naval Air: Celebrating a Century of Naval Flying |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=s5TwAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&dq=%22in+1918%22+%22+HMS+Furious%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiFsqCbsuPbAhVBF5AKHRfPBfYQ6AEIOjAD#v=onepage&q=%22in%201918%22%20%22%20HMS%20Furious%22&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 1955 || || {{w|USS Nautilus (SSN-571)}} launches as the world's first [[w:Nuclear marine propulsion|nuclear-powered vessel]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Castellano |first1=Robert N. |title=Alternative Energy Technologies: Opportunities and Markets |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=RUqXHr3WjOIC&pg=PA115&dq=%22in+1955%22+USS+Nautilus+(SSN-571)+launches+as+the+world%27s+first+nuclear-powered+vessel.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj0j7eS1OPbAhUDjJAKHU7ADl4Q6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%22in%201955%22%20USS%20Nautilus%20(SSN-571)%20launches%20as%20the%20world's%20first%20nuclear-powered%20vessel.&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Страутман |first1=Лидия |last2=Гумарова |first2=Шолпан |last3=Сабырбаева |first3=Назигуль |title=Introduction to the World of Physics. Методическое пособие по переводу научно-технических текстов |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=aE48DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT146&dq=%22in+1955%22+USS+Nautilus+(SSN-571)+launches+as+the+world%27s+first+nuclear-powered+vessel.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj0j7eS1OPbAhUDjJAKHU7ADl4Q6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201955%22%20USS%20Nautilus%20(SSN-571)%20launches%20as%20the%20world's%20first%20nuclear-powered%20vessel.&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Skaarup |first1=Harold A. |title=New England Warplanes: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=Me1Ey5kgthgC&pg=PT74&dq=%22in+1955%22+USS+Nautilus+(SSN-571)+launches+as+the+world%27s+first+nuclear-powered+vessel.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj0j7eS1OPbAhUDjJAKHU7ADl4Q6AEINTAC#v=onepage&q=%22in%201955%22%20USS%20Nautilus%20(SSN-571)%20launches%20as%20the%20world's%20first%20nuclear-powered%20vessel.&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
+
| 1955 || Watercraft type || {{w|USS Nautilus (SSN-571)}} launches as the world's first [[w:Nuclear marine propulsion|nuclear-powered vessel]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Castellano |first1=Robert N. |title=Alternative Energy Technologies: Opportunities and Markets |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=RUqXHr3WjOIC&pg=PA115&dq=%22in+1955%22+USS+Nautilus+(SSN-571)+launches+as+the+world%27s+first+nuclear-powered+vessel.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj0j7eS1OPbAhUDjJAKHU7ADl4Q6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%22in%201955%22%20USS%20Nautilus%20(SSN-571)%20launches%20as%20the%20world's%20first%20nuclear-powered%20vessel.&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Страутман |first1=Лидия |last2=Гумарова |first2=Шолпан |last3=Сабырбаева |first3=Назигуль |title=Introduction to the World of Physics. Методическое пособие по переводу научно-технических текстов |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=aE48DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT146&dq=%22in+1955%22+USS+Nautilus+(SSN-571)+launches+as+the+world%27s+first+nuclear-powered+vessel.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj0j7eS1OPbAhUDjJAKHU7ADl4Q6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201955%22%20USS%20Nautilus%20(SSN-571)%20launches%20as%20the%20world's%20first%20nuclear-powered%20vessel.&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Skaarup |first1=Harold A. |title=New England Warplanes: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=Me1Ey5kgthgC&pg=PT74&dq=%22in+1955%22+USS+Nautilus+(SSN-571)+launches+as+the+world%27s+first+nuclear-powered+vessel.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj0j7eS1OPbAhUDjJAKHU7ADl4Q6AEINTAC#v=onepage&q=%22in%201955%22%20USS%20Nautilus%20(SSN-571)%20launches%20as%20the%20world's%20first%20nuclear-powered%20vessel.&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 1957 || || {{w|Malcom McLean}}'s Gateway City, the first ever ship specifically designed to carry containers, makes its first voyage from New Jersey to Miami.<ref name="A Complete History Of The Shipping Container"/> || {{w|United States}}
+
| 1957 || Watercraft type || {{w|Malcom McLean}}'s Gateway City, the first ever ship specifically designed to carry containers, makes its first voyage from New Jersey to Miami.<ref name="A Complete History Of The Shipping Container"/> || {{w|United States}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 1966 || || Sea-Land’s Fairland sails from the United States to the Netherlands with 236 containers on-board, in the first international container ship voyage.<ref name="A Complete History Of The Shipping Container"/> || {{w|United States}}, {{w|Netherlands}}
+
| 1966 || Notable voyage || Sea-Land’s Fairland sails from the United States to the Netherlands with 236 containers on-board, in the first international container ship voyage.<ref name="A Complete History Of The Shipping Container"/> || {{w|United States}}, {{w|Netherlands}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 1966 || || Around 1% of countries have container ports.<ref name="A Complete History Of The Shipping Container">{{cite web |title=A Complete History Of The Shipping Container |url=https://www.containerhomeplans.org/2015/03/a-complete-history-of-the-shipping-container/ |website=containerhomeplans.org |accessdate=20 June 2018}}</ref> ||  
+
| 1966 || Infrastructure || Around 1% of countries have container ports.<ref name="A Complete History Of The Shipping Container">{{cite web |title=A Complete History Of The Shipping Container |url=https://www.containerhomeplans.org/2015/03/a-complete-history-of-the-shipping-container/ |website=containerhomeplans.org |accessdate=20 June 2018}}</ref> ||  
 
|-
 
|-
| 1977 || || Soviet icebreaker [[w:Arktika (1972 icebreaker)|Arktika]] makes the first surface voyage to the {{w|North Pole}}.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Valsson |first1=Trausti |title=How the World Will Change with Global Warming |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=BQj2ENDFXpsC&pg=PT65&dq=%22in+1977%22+%22Arktika%22+%22north+pole%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi-le_2h-HbAhVCmJAKHQJ8AlcQ6AEIMzAC#v=onepage&q=%22in%201977%22%20%22Arktika%22%20%22north%20pole%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Nuttall |first1=Mark |title=Encyclopedia of the Arctic |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=Swr9BTI_2FEC&pg=PA1136&dq=%22in+1977%22+%22Arktika%22+%22north+pole%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi-le_2h-HbAhVCmJAKHQJ8AlcQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%22in%201977%22%20%22Arktika%22%20%22north%20pole%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Armstrong |first1=Terence E. |last2=Okhuizen |first2=Edwin |last3=Bulatov |first3=V. N. |last4=Nielsen |first4=Jens Petter |title=Historical and Current Uses of the Northern Sea Route: ] pt. 4. the administration of the northern sea route (1917-1991) |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=EoYRAAAAYAAJ&q=%22in+1977%22+%22Arktika%22+%22north+pole%22&dq=%22in+1977%22+%22Arktika%22+%22north+pole%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi-le_2h-HbAhVCmJAKHQJ8AlcQ6AEIQjAF}}</ref> ||
+
| 1977 || Notable voyage || Soviet icebreaker [[w:Arktika (1972 icebreaker)|Arktika]] makes the first surface voyage to the {{w|North Pole}}.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Valsson |first1=Trausti |title=How the World Will Change with Global Warming |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=BQj2ENDFXpsC&pg=PT65&dq=%22in+1977%22+%22Arktika%22+%22north+pole%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi-le_2h-HbAhVCmJAKHQJ8AlcQ6AEIMzAC#v=onepage&q=%22in%201977%22%20%22Arktika%22%20%22north%20pole%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Nuttall |first1=Mark |title=Encyclopedia of the Arctic |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=Swr9BTI_2FEC&pg=PA1136&dq=%22in+1977%22+%22Arktika%22+%22north+pole%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi-le_2h-HbAhVCmJAKHQJ8AlcQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%22in%201977%22%20%22Arktika%22%20%22north%20pole%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Armstrong |first1=Terence E. |last2=Okhuizen |first2=Edwin |last3=Bulatov |first3=V. N. |last4=Nielsen |first4=Jens Petter |title=Historical and Current Uses of the Northern Sea Route: ] pt. 4. the administration of the northern sea route (1917-1991) |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=EoYRAAAAYAAJ&q=%22in+1977%22+%22Arktika%22+%22north+pole%22&dq=%22in+1977%22+%22Arktika%22+%22north+pole%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi-le_2h-HbAhVCmJAKHQJ8AlcQ6AEIQjAF}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
| 1983 || || 90% of countries have container ports, up from 1% in 1966.<ref name="A Complete History Of The Shipping Container"/> ||
+
| 1983 || Infrastructure || 90% of countries have container ports, up from 1% in 1966.<ref name="A Complete History Of The Shipping Container"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
| 2003 || || The {{w|Magdeburg Water Bridge}} opens. || {{w|Germany}}
+
| 2003 || Infrastructure || The {{w|Magdeburg Water Bridge}} opens. || {{w|Germany}}
 
|-
 
|-
| 2006 || || To meet increased demand for cruise ships, Freedom of the Seas is introduced and becomes the largest cruise liner ever. It has 18 decks and can carry 4,000 passengers. ||
+
| 2006 || Watercraft type || {{w|MS Freedom of the Seas}} is introduced and becomes the largest cruise liner ever. It has 18 decks and can carry 4,000 passengers. ||
 
|-
 
|-
| 2009 || || delivery of Royal Caribbean’s “Project Genesis”, which will be 43% larger than any other cruise ship, weighing 220,000 tons and carrying 5,400 passengers.||
+
| 2018 || Watercraft type || {{w|MS Symphony of the Seas}}, the world's largest cruise ship by {{w|gross tonnage}} at 228,021 GT, sets sail from {{w|Barcelona}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Symphony of the Seas: World's largest cruise ship sets sail |url=https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/symphony-of-the-seas-world-largest-cruise-ship/index.html |website=edition.cnn.com |accessdate=21 June 2018}}</ref> || {{w|Spain}}
|-
 
| 2018 || || {{w|MS Symphony of the Seas}}, the world's largest cruise ship by {{w|gross tonnage}} at 228,021 GT, sets sail from {{w|Barcelona}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Symphony of the Seas: World's largest cruise ship sets sail |url=https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/symphony-of-the-seas-world-largest-cruise-ship/index.html |website=edition.cnn.com |accessdate=21 June 2018}}</ref> || {{w|Spain}}
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}

Revision as of 15:28, 8 July 2018

This is a timeline of water transport, focusing on the evolution of watercraft.

Big picture

Time period Development summary
20th century The container revolution in shipping begins in the late 1960s.[1]
21th century There are more than 6,000 container vessels currently in service.[2]

Full timeline

Year Category Event Geographical location
45000 BC Notable voyage 4The first humans arrive in Australia, presumably by boats and land bridge. Australia
6000 BC Watercraf type Egyptians already travel in reed boats.[3] Egypt
4500 BC Technology Mesopotamians add sails to their boats.[3] Irak
3500 BC Watercraft type Oar-powered ships sail Eastern Mediterranean seas.[3]
2000 BC? Infrastructure The Canal of the Pharaohs is built in Egypt.[4] Egypt
1575 BC – 1520 BC Watercraft type Dover Bronze Age Boat, the oldest known plank vessel, is built.
542 BC Watercraft First written record of a trireme.[5]
247 BC Infrastructure The Lighthouse of Alexandria is completed.[6][7][8] Egypt
214 BC Infrastructure The Lingqu Canal is built. It is the earliest canal recorded in history.[9][10][11] China
c.200 AC Watercraft type Junks are developed in China.[12] China
984 AC Infrastructure Pound locks are used in China.[13][14][15] China
c.1000 AC Leif Ericson reaches North America. This is the first recorded crossing of the Atlantic Ocean.
1088 Technology Chinese polymath Shen Kuo first describes a magnetic compass in his Dream Pool Essays.[16][17][18] China
1620 Watercraft type Dutch engineer Cornelis Drebbel builds the world's first submarine.[19][20][21] Netherlands
1783 Watercraft French engineer Claude de Jouffroy constructs the first recorded steamboat.[22][23][24]
1787 Watercraft type American inventor John Fitch designs the first steamboat in the United States.[25][26][27] United States
1803 Watercraft type Scottish engineer William Symington's Charlotte Dundas, generally considered to be the world's first practical steamboat, makes its first voyage.[28][29][30]
1804 Watercraft type American inventor Oliver Evans builds an early amphibious vehicle.[31][32][33] United States
1807 Watercraft type American engineer Robert Fulton develops its North River Steamboat, the first commercially successful steamboat.[34][35][36] United States
1807 Technology French inventor Nicéphore Niépce patents his Pyréolophore, the world's first internal combustion engine.[37][38][39] France
1819 Technology The SS Savannah makes the first transatlantic crossing by a steamship, from Savannah, Georgia to London.[40][41][42] United States, United Kingdom
1861 Watercraft type The Elizabeth Watt is generally credited for being the first ship to transport a cargo of oil across the Atlantic.[43]
1861 Watercraft type The USS Ice Boat (1861) launches as the first purpose-built icebreaker.[44][45] United States
1864 Technology Ictineo II, by Spanish engineer Narcís Monturiol, becomes the first submarine powered by an internal-combustion engine.[46][47][48] Spain
1869 Infrastructure The Suez Canal opens.[49][50][51] Egypt
1893 Infrastructure The Corinth Canal opens.[52][53][54] Greece
1895 Infrastructure The Kiel Canal opens.[55][56][57] Germany
1897 Watercraft type The Turbinia is launched. It is the first vessel to be powered by a steam turbine.[58][59][60] United Kingdom
1911 Watercraft type Glenn Curtiss builds an early hydroplane.[61][62][63] United States
1911 Technology The MS Selandia becomes the first important ocean-going vessel to be diesel powered.[64][65][66] Denmark
1914 Infrastructure The Panama Canal opens.[67][68][69] Panama
1915 Watercraft type Austrian naval officer Dagobert Müller von Thomamühl creates the first air cushion torpedo speedboat.[70] Austria
1918 Watercraft type The HMS Furious (47) becomes the first aircraft carrier used in warfare.[71][72][73] United Kingdom
1955 Watercraft type USS Nautilus (SSN-571) launches as the world's first nuclear-powered vessel.[74][75][76] United States
1957 Watercraft type Malcom McLean's Gateway City, the first ever ship specifically designed to carry containers, makes its first voyage from New Jersey to Miami.[2] United States
1966 Notable voyage Sea-Land’s Fairland sails from the United States to the Netherlands with 236 containers on-board, in the first international container ship voyage.[2] United States, Netherlands
1966 Infrastructure Around 1% of countries have container ports.[2]
1977 Notable voyage Soviet icebreaker Arktika makes the first surface voyage to the North Pole.[77][78][79]
1983 Infrastructure 90% of countries have container ports, up from 1% in 1966.[2]
2003 Infrastructure The Magdeburg Water Bridge opens. Germany
2006 Watercraft type MS Freedom of the Seas is introduced and becomes the largest cruise liner ever. It has 18 decks and can carry 4,000 passengers.
2018 Watercraft type MS Symphony of the Seas, the world's largest cruise ship by gross tonnage at 228,021 GT, sets sail from Barcelona.[80] Spain

Meta information on the timeline

How the timeline was built

The initial version of the timeline was written by User:Sebastian.

Funding information for this timeline is available.

What the timeline is still missing

Timeline of transportation technology page 625, [1], [2], [3], Maritime timeline

Timeline update strategy

See also

External links

References

  1. Stratton, Michael; Trinder, Barrie Stuart. Twentieth Century Industrial Archaeology. 
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 "A Complete History Of The Shipping Container". containerhomeplans.org. Retrieved 20 June 2018. 
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 McFaul, Thomas R.; Brunsting, Al. God Is Here to Stay: Science, Evolution, and Belief in God. 
  4. Burchell, S. C. The Suez Canal. 
  5. Treister, Michail Yu. The Role of Metals in Ancient Greek History. 
  6. Kamath, Anjali. Seven Wonders Of Worlds. 
  7. Splinter, Robert. Illustrated Encyclopedia of Applied and Engineering Physics, Three-Volume Set. 
  8. Cline, Teresa. On a Tall Budget and Short Attention Span (Full Color). 
  9. Sweeting, Marjorie M. Karst in China: Its Geomorphology and Environment. 
  10. Developing Gratitude in Children and Adolescents (Jonathan R. H. Tudge, Lia Beatriz de Lucca Freitas ed.). 
  11. Xu, Gang. Tourism and Local Development in China: Case Studies of Guilin, Suzhou and Beidaihe. 
  12. "Chinese junks". historyanswers.co.uk. Retrieved 8 July 2018. 
  13. Temple, Robert K. G. China: Land of Discovery [and Invention]. 
  14. Menzies, Gavin. 1434: The Year a Magnificent Chinese Fleet Sailed to Italy and Ignited the Renaissance. 
  15. Landry, Elaine; Dartford, Mark; Morris, Trevor. The New Illustrated Science and Invention Encyclopedia: The New how it Works, Volume 11. 
  16. Stein, Stephen K. The Sea in World History: Exploration, Travel, and Trade [2 volumes]. 
  17. DK. Science Year by Year: A Visual History, From Stone Tools to Space Travel. 
  18. Whitehouse, David. Journey to the Centre of the Earth: The Remarkable Voyage of Scientific Discovery into the Heart of Our World. 
  19. Thornton, W.M. Submarine Insignia and Submarine Services of the World. 
  20. The Submarine. United States Navy. 
  21. Broadwater, Robert P. Civil War Special Forces: The Elite and Distinct Fighting Units of the Union and Confederate Armies: The Elite and Distinct Fighting Units of the Union and Confederate Armies. 
  22. Mapp, Alf J. Three Golden Ages: Discovering the Creative Secrets of Renaissance Florence, Elizabethan England, and America's Founding. 
  23. Owen Philip, Cynthia. Robert Fulton: A Biography. 
  24. Headrick, Daniel R. Power over Peoples: Technology, Environments, and Western Imperialism, 1400 to the Present. 
  25. McCloy, Shelby T. French Inventions of the Eighteenth Century. 
  26. Grayson, Robert. The U.S. Industrial Revolution. 
  27. Barth, Linda J. New Jersey Originals: Technological Marvels, Odd Inventions, Trailblazing Characters and More. 
  28. Growing Up with Science. Marshall Cavendish Corporation. 
  29. Lienhard, John H. How Invention Begins: Echoes of Old Voices in the Rise of New Machines. 
  30. Wolmar, Christian. The Great Railway Revolution: The Epic Story of the American Railroad. 
  31. Shallat, Todd A. Structures in the Stream: Water, Science, and the Rise of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 
  32. Jefferson, Thomas. The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Retirement Series, Volume 7: 28 November 1813 to 30 September 1814. 
  33. Clark, Daniel-Kinnear; Colburn, Zerah. Recent Practice in the Locomotive Engine ... Comprising the Latest English Improvements, and a Treatise on the Locomotive Engines of the United States. 
  34. Schwarz, George R. The Steamboat Phoenix and the Archaeology of Early Steam Navigation in North America. 
  35. Adams, Arthur G. The Hudson Through the Years. 
  36. Ward, John D. An Account of the Steamboat Controversy Between the Citizens of New York and New Jersey, from 1811 to 1824: Originating in the Asserted Claim of New York to the Exclusive Jurisdiction Over All the Waters Between the Two States. 
  37. Hannavy, John. Encyclopedia of nineteenth-century photography: A-I, index. 
  38. Winterton, Wayne. Stories from History’S Dust Bin, Volume 1. 
  39. Hughes, Stefan. Catchers of the Light: The Forgotten Lives of the Men and Women Who First Photographed the Heavens. 
  40. McDonogh, Gary W. Black and Catholic in Savannah, Georgia. 
  41. Blume, Kenneth J. Historical Dictionary of the U.S. Maritime Industry. 
  42. Beney, Peter. The Majesty of Savannah. 
  43. "Historical Development of the Pipeline as a Mode of Transportation" (PDF). gammathetaupsilon.org. Retrieved 18 August 2017. 
  44. "NavSource Online: "Old Navy" Ship Photo Archive". navsource.org. Retrieved 21 June 2018. 
  45. "Phila. Ice Boat. Navy Yard. Washington DC May 23/61.". americancivilwarphotos.com. Retrieved 21 June 2018. 
  46. Verne, Jules. Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea. 
  47. Cairns, Lynne. Secret Fleets: Fremantle's World War II Submarine Base. 
  48. Chaffin, Tom. The H. L. Hunley: The Secret Hope of the Confederacy. 
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