Difference between revisions of "Timeline of water transport"
From Timelines
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! Year !! Category !! Event !! Geographical location | ! Year !! Category !! Event !! Geographical location | ||
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− | | 45000 BC || || 4The first humans arrive in {{w|Australia}}, presumably by boats and land bridge. || {{w|Australia}} | + | | 45000 BC || Notable voyage || 4The first humans arrive in {{w|Australia}}, presumably by boats and land bridge. || {{w|Australia}} |
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− | | 6000 BC || || Egyptians already travel in reed boats.<ref name="God Is Here to Stay: Science, Evolution, and Belief in God">{{cite book |last1=McFaul |first1=Thomas R. |last2=Brunsting |first2=Al |title=God Is Here to Stay: Science, Evolution, and Belief in God |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=9HANBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT36&lpg=PT36&dq=%223500%22+Oar-powered+ships+sail+Eastern+Mediterranean+seas&source=bl&ots=B7ei9R-dpl&sig=ENE3Y_i_zAm04vuKmlOXpQrPtYE&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjpzaLI9ODbAhXMCpAKHYJgCI8Q6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%223500%22%20Oar-powered%20ships%20sail%20Eastern%20Mediterranean%20seas&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|Egypt}} | + | | 6000 BC || Watercraf type || Egyptians already travel in reed boats.<ref name="God Is Here to Stay: Science, Evolution, and Belief in God">{{cite book |last1=McFaul |first1=Thomas R. |last2=Brunsting |first2=Al |title=God Is Here to Stay: Science, Evolution, and Belief in God |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=9HANBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT36&lpg=PT36&dq=%223500%22+Oar-powered+ships+sail+Eastern+Mediterranean+seas&source=bl&ots=B7ei9R-dpl&sig=ENE3Y_i_zAm04vuKmlOXpQrPtYE&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjpzaLI9ODbAhXMCpAKHYJgCI8Q6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%223500%22%20Oar-powered%20ships%20sail%20Eastern%20Mediterranean%20seas&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|Egypt}} |
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− | | 4500 BC || || {{w|Mesopotamia}}ns add {{w|sail}}s to their boats.<ref name="God Is Here to Stay: Science, Evolution, and Belief in God"/> || {{w|Irak}} | + | | 4500 BC || Technology || {{w|Mesopotamia}}ns add {{w|sail}}s to their boats.<ref name="God Is Here to Stay: Science, Evolution, and Belief in God"/> || {{w|Irak}} |
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− | | 3500 BC || || Oar-powered ships sail Eastern Mediterranean seas.<ref name="God Is Here to Stay: Science, Evolution, and Belief in God"/> || | + | | 3500 BC || Watercraft type || Oar-powered ships sail Eastern Mediterranean seas.<ref name="God Is Here to Stay: Science, Evolution, and Belief in God"/> || |
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− | | 2000 BC? || || The {{w|Canal of the Pharaohs}} is built in Egypt.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Burchell |first1=S. C. |title=The Suez Canal |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=I9dKDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT16&dq=6th+century+BC+The+%22Canal+of+the+Pharaohs%22+is+built+in+Egypt.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiYkdOz_OLbAhVJPJAKHe9ZDEMQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=6th%20century%20BC%20The%20%22Canal%20of%20the%20Pharaohs%22%20is%20built%20in%20Egypt.&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|Egypt}} | + | | 2000 BC? || Infrastructure || The {{w|Canal of the Pharaohs}} is built in Egypt.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Burchell |first1=S. C. |title=The Suez Canal |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=I9dKDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT16&dq=6th+century+BC+The+%22Canal+of+the+Pharaohs%22+is+built+in+Egypt.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiYkdOz_OLbAhVJPJAKHe9ZDEMQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=6th%20century%20BC%20The%20%22Canal%20of%20the%20Pharaohs%22%20is%20built%20in%20Egypt.&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|Egypt}} |
|- | |- | ||
− | | 1575 BC – 1520 BC || || {{w|Dover Bronze Age Boat}}, the oldest known plank vessel, is built. || | + | | 1575 BC – 1520 BC || Watercraft type || {{w|Dover Bronze Age Boat}}, the oldest known plank vessel, is built. || |
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| 542 BC || Watercraft || First written record of a {{w|trireme}}.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Treister |first1=Michail Yu |title=The Role of Metals in Ancient Greek History |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=dcTexDa4I0kC&pg=PA139&dq=542+BC++trireme.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiltL7EuJDcAhXCDpAKHaMgCXwQ6AEIMDAB#v=onepage&q=542%20BC%20%20trireme.&f=false}}</ref> || | | 542 BC || Watercraft || First written record of a {{w|trireme}}.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Treister |first1=Michail Yu |title=The Role of Metals in Ancient Greek History |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=dcTexDa4I0kC&pg=PA139&dq=542+BC++trireme.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiltL7EuJDcAhXCDpAKHaMgCXwQ6AEIMDAB#v=onepage&q=542%20BC%20%20trireme.&f=false}}</ref> || | ||
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| c.200 AC || Watercraft type || [[w:junk (ship)|Junks]] are developed in China.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chinese junks |url=https://www.historyanswers.co.uk/inventions/chinese-junks/ |website=historyanswers.co.uk |accessdate=8 July 2018}}</ref> || {{w|China}} | | c.200 AC || Watercraft type || [[w:junk (ship)|Junks]] are developed in China.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chinese junks |url=https://www.historyanswers.co.uk/inventions/chinese-junks/ |website=historyanswers.co.uk |accessdate=8 July 2018}}</ref> || {{w|China}} | ||
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− | | 984 AC || || {{w|Pound lock}}s are used in China.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Temple |first1=Robert K. G. |title=China: Land of Discovery [and Invention] |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=6FVwAAAAMAAJ&q=%22984%22+Pound+locks+are+used+in+China&dq=%22984%22+Pound+locks+are+used+in+China&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjHi86ZtOHbAhUCS5AKHWNkCZoQ6AEINzAD}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Menzies |first1=Gavin |title=1434: The Year a Magnificent Chinese Fleet Sailed to Italy and Ignited the Renaissance |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=LR4RAQAAIAAJ&q=%22984%22+Pound+locks+are+used+in+China&dq=%22984%22+Pound+locks+are+used+in+China&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjHi86ZtOHbAhUCS5AKHWNkCZoQ6AEIOzAE}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Landry |first1=Elaine |last2=Dartford |first2=Mark |last3=Morris |first3=Trevor |title=The New Illustrated Science and Invention Encyclopedia: The New how it Works, Volume 11 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=nmdFAAAAYAAJ&q=%22984%22+Pound+locks+are+used+in+China&dq=%22984%22+Pound+locks+are+used+in+China&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjHi86ZtOHbAhUCS5AKHWNkCZoQ6AEIQDAF}}</ref> || {{w|China}} | + | | 984 AC || Infrastructure || {{w|Pound lock}}s are used in China.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Temple |first1=Robert K. G. |title=China: Land of Discovery [and Invention] |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=6FVwAAAAMAAJ&q=%22984%22+Pound+locks+are+used+in+China&dq=%22984%22+Pound+locks+are+used+in+China&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjHi86ZtOHbAhUCS5AKHWNkCZoQ6AEINzAD}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Menzies |first1=Gavin |title=1434: The Year a Magnificent Chinese Fleet Sailed to Italy and Ignited the Renaissance |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=LR4RAQAAIAAJ&q=%22984%22+Pound+locks+are+used+in+China&dq=%22984%22+Pound+locks+are+used+in+China&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjHi86ZtOHbAhUCS5AKHWNkCZoQ6AEIOzAE}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Landry |first1=Elaine |last2=Dartford |first2=Mark |last3=Morris |first3=Trevor |title=The New Illustrated Science and Invention Encyclopedia: The New how it Works, Volume 11 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=nmdFAAAAYAAJ&q=%22984%22+Pound+locks+are+used+in+China&dq=%22984%22+Pound+locks+are+used+in+China&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjHi86ZtOHbAhUCS5AKHWNkCZoQ6AEIQDAF}}</ref> || {{w|China}} |
|- | |- | ||
| c.1000 AC || || {{w|Leif Ericson}} reaches North America. This is the first recorded crossing of the {{w|Atlantic Ocean}}. || | | c.1000 AC || || {{w|Leif Ericson}} reaches North America. This is the first recorded crossing of the {{w|Atlantic Ocean}}. || | ||
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| 1807 || Technology || French inventor {{w|Nicéphore Niépce}} patents his {{w|Pyréolophore}}, the world's first internal combustion engine.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hannavy |first1=John |title=Encyclopedia of nineteenth-century photography: A-I, index |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=PJ8DHBay4_EC&pg=PA1003&dq=%22in+1807%22+Nic%C3%A9phore+Ni%C3%A9pce&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwid6qmStuHbAhVGEZAKHVp9DQwQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%22in%201807%22%20Nic%C3%A9phore%20Ni%C3%A9pce&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Winterton |first1=Wayne |title=Stories from History’S Dust Bin, Volume 1 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=6IbqCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT211&dq=%22in+1807%22+Nic%C3%A9phore+Ni%C3%A9pce&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwid6qmStuHbAhVGEZAKHVp9DQwQ6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201807%22%20Nic%C3%A9phore%20Ni%C3%A9pce&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Hughes |first1=Stefan |title=Catchers of the Light: The Forgotten Lives of the Men and Women Who First Photographed the Heavens |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=iZk5OOf7fVYC&pg=PA11&dq=%22in+1807%22+Nic%C3%A9phore+Ni%C3%A9pce&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwid6qmStuHbAhVGEZAKHVp9DQwQ6AEINDAC#v=onepage&q=%22in%201807%22%20Nic%C3%A9phore%20Ni%C3%A9pce&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|France}} | | 1807 || Technology || French inventor {{w|Nicéphore Niépce}} patents his {{w|Pyréolophore}}, the world's first internal combustion engine.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hannavy |first1=John |title=Encyclopedia of nineteenth-century photography: A-I, index |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=PJ8DHBay4_EC&pg=PA1003&dq=%22in+1807%22+Nic%C3%A9phore+Ni%C3%A9pce&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwid6qmStuHbAhVGEZAKHVp9DQwQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%22in%201807%22%20Nic%C3%A9phore%20Ni%C3%A9pce&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Winterton |first1=Wayne |title=Stories from History’S Dust Bin, Volume 1 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=6IbqCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT211&dq=%22in+1807%22+Nic%C3%A9phore+Ni%C3%A9pce&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwid6qmStuHbAhVGEZAKHVp9DQwQ6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201807%22%20Nic%C3%A9phore%20Ni%C3%A9pce&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Hughes |first1=Stefan |title=Catchers of the Light: The Forgotten Lives of the Men and Women Who First Photographed the Heavens |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=iZk5OOf7fVYC&pg=PA11&dq=%22in+1807%22+Nic%C3%A9phore+Ni%C3%A9pce&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwid6qmStuHbAhVGEZAKHVp9DQwQ6AEINDAC#v=onepage&q=%22in%201807%22%20Nic%C3%A9phore%20Ni%C3%A9pce&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|France}} | ||
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− | | 1819 || || The {{w|SS Savannah}} makes the first transatlantic crossing by a steamship, from {{w|Savannah, Georgia}} to {{w|London}}.<ref>{{cite book |last1=McDonogh |first1=Gary W. |title=Black and Catholic in Savannah, Georgia |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=ZAdb_5sW4HwC&pg=PA26&dq=%22in+1819%22+%22ss+savannah%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiIlpbV1uPbAhUIH5AKHbJqBxoQ6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201819%22%20%22ss%20savannah%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Blume |first1=Kenneth J. |title=Historical Dictionary of the U.S. Maritime Industry |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=r_jTIbdFUnYC&pg=PA430&dq=%22in+1819%22+%22ss+savannah%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiIlpbV1uPbAhUIH5AKHbJqBxoQ6AEINDAC#v=onepage&q=%22in%201819%22%20%22ss%20savannah%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Beney |first1=Peter |title=The Majesty of Savannah |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=G0vsqvhgKTUC&pg=PA17&dq=%22in+1819%22+%22ss+savannah%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiIlpbV1uPbAhUIH5AKHbJqBxoQ6AEIOjAD#v=onepage&q=%22in%201819%22%20%22ss%20savannah%22&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}, {{w|United Kingdom}} | + | | 1819 || Technology || The {{w|SS Savannah}} makes the first transatlantic crossing by a steamship, from {{w|Savannah, Georgia}} to {{w|London}}.<ref>{{cite book |last1=McDonogh |first1=Gary W. |title=Black and Catholic in Savannah, Georgia |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=ZAdb_5sW4HwC&pg=PA26&dq=%22in+1819%22+%22ss+savannah%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiIlpbV1uPbAhUIH5AKHbJqBxoQ6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201819%22%20%22ss%20savannah%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Blume |first1=Kenneth J. |title=Historical Dictionary of the U.S. Maritime Industry |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=r_jTIbdFUnYC&pg=PA430&dq=%22in+1819%22+%22ss+savannah%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiIlpbV1uPbAhUIH5AKHbJqBxoQ6AEINDAC#v=onepage&q=%22in%201819%22%20%22ss%20savannah%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Beney |first1=Peter |title=The Majesty of Savannah |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=G0vsqvhgKTUC&pg=PA17&dq=%22in+1819%22+%22ss+savannah%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiIlpbV1uPbAhUIH5AKHbJqBxoQ6AEIOjAD#v=onepage&q=%22in%201819%22%20%22ss%20savannah%22&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}, {{w|United Kingdom}} |
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| 1861 || Watercraft type || The Elizabeth Watt is generally credited for being the first ship to transport a cargo of oil across the Atlantic.<ref name="Historical Development of the Pipeline as a Mode of Transportation">{{cite web|title=Historical Development of the Pipeline as a Mode of Transportation|url=http://gammathetaupsilon.org/the-geographical-bulletin/2000s/volume43-2/article4.pdf|website=gammathetaupsilon.org|accessdate=18 August 2017}}</ref> || | | 1861 || Watercraft type || The Elizabeth Watt is generally credited for being the first ship to transport a cargo of oil across the Atlantic.<ref name="Historical Development of the Pipeline as a Mode of Transportation">{{cite web|title=Historical Development of the Pipeline as a Mode of Transportation|url=http://gammathetaupsilon.org/the-geographical-bulletin/2000s/volume43-2/article4.pdf|website=gammathetaupsilon.org|accessdate=18 August 2017}}</ref> || | ||
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| 1895 || Infrastructure || The {{w|Kiel Canal}} opens.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Yang |first1=Haijiang |title=Jurisdiction of the Coastal State over Foreign Merchant Ships in Internal Waters and the Territorial Sea |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=EYnfBYoa3x0C&pg=PA79&dq=%22in+1895%22+The+Kiel+Canal+opens&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi6nYmQwOPbAhVLgpAKHWZDAxQQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%22in%201895%22%20The%20Kiel%20Canal%20opens&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Aust |first1=Anthony |title=Handbook of International Law |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=74Zmct-7hGIC&pg=PA336&dq=%22in+1895%22+The+Kiel+Canal+opens&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi6nYmQwOPbAhVLgpAKHWZDAxQQ6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201895%22%20The%20Kiel%20Canal%20opens&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Platzöder |first1=Renate |last2=Verlaan |first2=Philomène A. |title=The Baltic Sea: New Developments in National Policies and International Cooperation |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=AyIU6XIeDKwC&pg=PA135&dq=%22in+1895%22+The+Kiel+Canal+opens&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi6nYmQwOPbAhVLgpAKHWZDAxQQ6AEINDAC#v=onepage&q=%22in%201895%22%20The%20Kiel%20Canal%20opens&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|Germany}} | | 1895 || Infrastructure || The {{w|Kiel Canal}} opens.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Yang |first1=Haijiang |title=Jurisdiction of the Coastal State over Foreign Merchant Ships in Internal Waters and the Territorial Sea |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=EYnfBYoa3x0C&pg=PA79&dq=%22in+1895%22+The+Kiel+Canal+opens&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi6nYmQwOPbAhVLgpAKHWZDAxQQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%22in%201895%22%20The%20Kiel%20Canal%20opens&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Aust |first1=Anthony |title=Handbook of International Law |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=74Zmct-7hGIC&pg=PA336&dq=%22in+1895%22+The+Kiel+Canal+opens&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi6nYmQwOPbAhVLgpAKHWZDAxQQ6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201895%22%20The%20Kiel%20Canal%20opens&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Platzöder |first1=Renate |last2=Verlaan |first2=Philomène A. |title=The Baltic Sea: New Developments in National Policies and International Cooperation |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=AyIU6XIeDKwC&pg=PA135&dq=%22in+1895%22+The+Kiel+Canal+opens&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi6nYmQwOPbAhVLgpAKHWZDAxQQ6AEINDAC#v=onepage&q=%22in%201895%22%20The%20Kiel%20Canal%20opens&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|Germany}} | ||
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− | | 1897 || || The {{w|Turbinia}} is launched. It is the first vessel to be powered by a steam turbine.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Blume |first1=Kenneth J. |title=Historical Dictionary of the U.S. Maritime Industry |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=r_jTIbdFUnYC&pg=PA304&dq=%22in+1897%22+The+Turbinia+is+launched.+It+is+the+first+vessel+to+be+powered+by+a+steam+turbine.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwim5tf-wePbAhWDkpAKHUnvDCAQ6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201897%22%20The%20Turbinia%20is%20launched.%20It%20is%20the%20first%20vessel%20to%20be%20powered%20by%20a%20steam%20turbine.&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Newton |first1=David E. |title=Encyclopedia of Water |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=-_k5AQAAIAAJ&q=%22in+1897%22+The+Turbinia+is+launched.+It+is+the+first+vessel+to+be+powered+by+a+steam+turbine.&dq=%22in+1897%22+The+Turbinia+is+launched.+It+is+the+first+vessel+to+be+powered+by+a+steam+turbine.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwim5tf-wePbAhWDkpAKHUnvDCAQ6AEIQDAE}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=DK |title=1000 Inventions and Discoveries |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=IztIBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA167&dq=%22in+1897%22+The+Turbinia+is+launched.+It+is+the+first+vessel+to+be+powered+by+a+steam+turbine.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwim5tf-wePbAhWDkpAKHUnvDCAQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%22in%201897%22%20The%20Turbinia%20is%20launched.%20It%20is%20the%20first%20vessel%20to%20be%20powered%20by%20a%20steam%20turbine.&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}} | + | | 1897 || Watercraft type || The {{w|Turbinia}} is launched. It is the first vessel to be powered by a steam turbine.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Blume |first1=Kenneth J. |title=Historical Dictionary of the U.S. Maritime Industry |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=r_jTIbdFUnYC&pg=PA304&dq=%22in+1897%22+The+Turbinia+is+launched.+It+is+the+first+vessel+to+be+powered+by+a+steam+turbine.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwim5tf-wePbAhWDkpAKHUnvDCAQ6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201897%22%20The%20Turbinia%20is%20launched.%20It%20is%20the%20first%20vessel%20to%20be%20powered%20by%20a%20steam%20turbine.&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Newton |first1=David E. |title=Encyclopedia of Water |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=-_k5AQAAIAAJ&q=%22in+1897%22+The+Turbinia+is+launched.+It+is+the+first+vessel+to+be+powered+by+a+steam+turbine.&dq=%22in+1897%22+The+Turbinia+is+launched.+It+is+the+first+vessel+to+be+powered+by+a+steam+turbine.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwim5tf-wePbAhWDkpAKHUnvDCAQ6AEIQDAE}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=DK |title=1000 Inventions and Discoveries |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=IztIBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA167&dq=%22in+1897%22+The+Turbinia+is+launched.+It+is+the+first+vessel+to+be+powered+by+a+steam+turbine.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwim5tf-wePbAhWDkpAKHUnvDCAQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%22in%201897%22%20The%20Turbinia%20is%20launched.%20It%20is%20the%20first%20vessel%20to%20be%20powered%20by%20a%20steam%20turbine.&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}} |
|- | |- | ||
| 1911 || Watercraft type || Glenn Curtiss builds an early {{w|hydroplane}}.<ref>{{cite book |title=San Diego: a California City |publisher=San Diego Historical Society |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=KLpwAAAAMAAJ&q=%22in+1911%22+%22first+hydroplane%22&dq=%22in+1911%22+%22first+hydroplane%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjA8ufSuODbAhUBnZAKHShTBlkQ6AEIUjAJ}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Flying Magazine May 1967 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=ZpF3_9SawgQC&pg=PA57&dq=%22in+1911%22+%22first+hydroplane%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjA8ufSuODbAhUBnZAKHShTBlkQ6AEIOTAD#v=onepage&q=%22in%201911%22%20%22first%20hydroplane%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Great Soviet Encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=3mHSiteDJ20C&q=%22in+1911%22+%22first+hydroplane%22&dq=%22in+1911%22+%22first+hydroplane%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjA8ufSuODbAhUBnZAKHShTBlkQ6AEITjAI}}</ref> || {{w|United States}} | | 1911 || Watercraft type || Glenn Curtiss builds an early {{w|hydroplane}}.<ref>{{cite book |title=San Diego: a California City |publisher=San Diego Historical Society |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=KLpwAAAAMAAJ&q=%22in+1911%22+%22first+hydroplane%22&dq=%22in+1911%22+%22first+hydroplane%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjA8ufSuODbAhUBnZAKHShTBlkQ6AEIUjAJ}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Flying Magazine May 1967 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=ZpF3_9SawgQC&pg=PA57&dq=%22in+1911%22+%22first+hydroplane%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjA8ufSuODbAhUBnZAKHShTBlkQ6AEIOTAD#v=onepage&q=%22in%201911%22%20%22first%20hydroplane%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Great Soviet Encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=3mHSiteDJ20C&q=%22in+1911%22+%22first+hydroplane%22&dq=%22in+1911%22+%22first+hydroplane%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjA8ufSuODbAhUBnZAKHShTBlkQ6AEITjAI}}</ref> || {{w|United States}} | ||
Line 83: | Line 83: | ||
| 1918 || Watercraft type || The {{w|HMS Furious (47)}} becomes the first {{w|aircraft carrier}} used in warfare.<ref>{{cite book |title=Shipbuilding and Shipping Record, Volume 49, Part 2 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=1Z0PAAAAIAAJ&q=%22in+1918%22+%22+HMS+Furious%22&dq=%22in+1918%22+%22+HMS+Furious%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiFsqCbsuPbAhVBF5AKHRfPBfYQ6AEISzAG}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Friedman |first1=Norman |title=British carrier aviation: the evolution of the ships and their aircraft |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=71svAAAAMAAJ&q=%22in+1918%22+%22+HMS+Furious%22&dq=%22in+1918%22+%22+HMS+Furious%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiFsqCbsuPbAhVBF5AKHRfPBfYQ6AEIWTAJ}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Kaplan |first1=Philip |title=Naval Air: Celebrating a Century of Naval Flying |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=s5TwAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&dq=%22in+1918%22+%22+HMS+Furious%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiFsqCbsuPbAhVBF5AKHRfPBfYQ6AEIOjAD#v=onepage&q=%22in%201918%22%20%22%20HMS%20Furious%22&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}} | | 1918 || Watercraft type || The {{w|HMS Furious (47)}} becomes the first {{w|aircraft carrier}} used in warfare.<ref>{{cite book |title=Shipbuilding and Shipping Record, Volume 49, Part 2 |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=1Z0PAAAAIAAJ&q=%22in+1918%22+%22+HMS+Furious%22&dq=%22in+1918%22+%22+HMS+Furious%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiFsqCbsuPbAhVBF5AKHRfPBfYQ6AEISzAG}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Friedman |first1=Norman |title=British carrier aviation: the evolution of the ships and their aircraft |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=71svAAAAMAAJ&q=%22in+1918%22+%22+HMS+Furious%22&dq=%22in+1918%22+%22+HMS+Furious%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiFsqCbsuPbAhVBF5AKHRfPBfYQ6AEIWTAJ}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Kaplan |first1=Philip |title=Naval Air: Celebrating a Century of Naval Flying |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=s5TwAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA10&dq=%22in+1918%22+%22+HMS+Furious%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiFsqCbsuPbAhVBF5AKHRfPBfYQ6AEIOjAD#v=onepage&q=%22in%201918%22%20%22%20HMS%20Furious%22&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | 1955 || || {{w|USS Nautilus (SSN-571)}} launches as the world's first [[w:Nuclear marine propulsion|nuclear-powered vessel]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Castellano |first1=Robert N. |title=Alternative Energy Technologies: Opportunities and Markets |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=RUqXHr3WjOIC&pg=PA115&dq=%22in+1955%22+USS+Nautilus+(SSN-571)+launches+as+the+world%27s+first+nuclear-powered+vessel.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj0j7eS1OPbAhUDjJAKHU7ADl4Q6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%22in%201955%22%20USS%20Nautilus%20(SSN-571)%20launches%20as%20the%20world's%20first%20nuclear-powered%20vessel.&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Страутман |first1=Лидия |last2=Гумарова |first2=Шолпан |last3=Сабырбаева |first3=Назигуль |title=Introduction to the World of Physics. Методическое пособие по переводу научно-технических текстов |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=aE48DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT146&dq=%22in+1955%22+USS+Nautilus+(SSN-571)+launches+as+the+world%27s+first+nuclear-powered+vessel.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj0j7eS1OPbAhUDjJAKHU7ADl4Q6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201955%22%20USS%20Nautilus%20(SSN-571)%20launches%20as%20the%20world's%20first%20nuclear-powered%20vessel.&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Skaarup |first1=Harold A. |title=New England Warplanes: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=Me1Ey5kgthgC&pg=PT74&dq=%22in+1955%22+USS+Nautilus+(SSN-571)+launches+as+the+world%27s+first+nuclear-powered+vessel.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj0j7eS1OPbAhUDjJAKHU7ADl4Q6AEINTAC#v=onepage&q=%22in%201955%22%20USS%20Nautilus%20(SSN-571)%20launches%20as%20the%20world's%20first%20nuclear-powered%20vessel.&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United States}} | + | | 1955 || Watercraft type || {{w|USS Nautilus (SSN-571)}} launches as the world's first [[w:Nuclear marine propulsion|nuclear-powered vessel]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Castellano |first1=Robert N. |title=Alternative Energy Technologies: Opportunities and Markets |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=RUqXHr3WjOIC&pg=PA115&dq=%22in+1955%22+USS+Nautilus+(SSN-571)+launches+as+the+world%27s+first+nuclear-powered+vessel.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj0j7eS1OPbAhUDjJAKHU7ADl4Q6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%22in%201955%22%20USS%20Nautilus%20(SSN-571)%20launches%20as%20the%20world's%20first%20nuclear-powered%20vessel.&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Страутман |first1=Лидия |last2=Гумарова |first2=Шолпан |last3=Сабырбаева |first3=Назигуль |title=Introduction to the World of Physics. Методическое пособие по переводу научно-технических текстов |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=aE48DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT146&dq=%22in+1955%22+USS+Nautilus+(SSN-571)+launches+as+the+world%27s+first+nuclear-powered+vessel.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj0j7eS1OPbAhUDjJAKHU7ADl4Q6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201955%22%20USS%20Nautilus%20(SSN-571)%20launches%20as%20the%20world's%20first%20nuclear-powered%20vessel.&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Skaarup |first1=Harold A. |title=New England Warplanes: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=Me1Ey5kgthgC&pg=PT74&dq=%22in+1955%22+USS+Nautilus+(SSN-571)+launches+as+the+world%27s+first+nuclear-powered+vessel.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj0j7eS1OPbAhUDjJAKHU7ADl4Q6AEINTAC#v=onepage&q=%22in%201955%22%20USS%20Nautilus%20(SSN-571)%20launches%20as%20the%20world's%20first%20nuclear-powered%20vessel.&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United States}} |
|- | |- | ||
− | | 1957 || || {{w|Malcom McLean}}'s Gateway City, the first ever ship specifically designed to carry containers, makes its first voyage from New Jersey to Miami.<ref name="A Complete History Of The Shipping Container"/> || {{w|United States}} | + | | 1957 || Watercraft type || {{w|Malcom McLean}}'s Gateway City, the first ever ship specifically designed to carry containers, makes its first voyage from New Jersey to Miami.<ref name="A Complete History Of The Shipping Container"/> || {{w|United States}} |
|- | |- | ||
− | | 1966 || || Sea-Land’s Fairland sails from the United States to the Netherlands with 236 containers on-board, in the first international container ship voyage.<ref name="A Complete History Of The Shipping Container"/> || {{w|United States}}, {{w|Netherlands}} | + | | 1966 || Notable voyage || Sea-Land’s Fairland sails from the United States to the Netherlands with 236 containers on-board, in the first international container ship voyage.<ref name="A Complete History Of The Shipping Container"/> || {{w|United States}}, {{w|Netherlands}} |
|- | |- | ||
− | | 1966 || || Around 1% of countries have container ports.<ref name="A Complete History Of The Shipping Container">{{cite web |title=A Complete History Of The Shipping Container |url=https://www.containerhomeplans.org/2015/03/a-complete-history-of-the-shipping-container/ |website=containerhomeplans.org |accessdate=20 June 2018}}</ref> || | + | | 1966 || Infrastructure || Around 1% of countries have container ports.<ref name="A Complete History Of The Shipping Container">{{cite web |title=A Complete History Of The Shipping Container |url=https://www.containerhomeplans.org/2015/03/a-complete-history-of-the-shipping-container/ |website=containerhomeplans.org |accessdate=20 June 2018}}</ref> || |
|- | |- | ||
− | | 1977 || || Soviet icebreaker [[w:Arktika (1972 icebreaker)|Arktika]] makes the first surface voyage to the {{w|North Pole}}.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Valsson |first1=Trausti |title=How the World Will Change with Global Warming |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=BQj2ENDFXpsC&pg=PT65&dq=%22in+1977%22+%22Arktika%22+%22north+pole%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi-le_2h-HbAhVCmJAKHQJ8AlcQ6AEIMzAC#v=onepage&q=%22in%201977%22%20%22Arktika%22%20%22north%20pole%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Nuttall |first1=Mark |title=Encyclopedia of the Arctic |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=Swr9BTI_2FEC&pg=PA1136&dq=%22in+1977%22+%22Arktika%22+%22north+pole%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi-le_2h-HbAhVCmJAKHQJ8AlcQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%22in%201977%22%20%22Arktika%22%20%22north%20pole%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Armstrong |first1=Terence E. |last2=Okhuizen |first2=Edwin |last3=Bulatov |first3=V. N. |last4=Nielsen |first4=Jens Petter |title=Historical and Current Uses of the Northern Sea Route: ] pt. 4. the administration of the northern sea route (1917-1991) |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=EoYRAAAAYAAJ&q=%22in+1977%22+%22Arktika%22+%22north+pole%22&dq=%22in+1977%22+%22Arktika%22+%22north+pole%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi-le_2h-HbAhVCmJAKHQJ8AlcQ6AEIQjAF}}</ref> || | + | | 1977 || Notable voyage || Soviet icebreaker [[w:Arktika (1972 icebreaker)|Arktika]] makes the first surface voyage to the {{w|North Pole}}.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Valsson |first1=Trausti |title=How the World Will Change with Global Warming |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=BQj2ENDFXpsC&pg=PT65&dq=%22in+1977%22+%22Arktika%22+%22north+pole%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi-le_2h-HbAhVCmJAKHQJ8AlcQ6AEIMzAC#v=onepage&q=%22in%201977%22%20%22Arktika%22%20%22north%20pole%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Nuttall |first1=Mark |title=Encyclopedia of the Arctic |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=Swr9BTI_2FEC&pg=PA1136&dq=%22in+1977%22+%22Arktika%22+%22north+pole%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi-le_2h-HbAhVCmJAKHQJ8AlcQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%22in%201977%22%20%22Arktika%22%20%22north%20pole%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Armstrong |first1=Terence E. |last2=Okhuizen |first2=Edwin |last3=Bulatov |first3=V. N. |last4=Nielsen |first4=Jens Petter |title=Historical and Current Uses of the Northern Sea Route: ] pt. 4. the administration of the northern sea route (1917-1991) |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=EoYRAAAAYAAJ&q=%22in+1977%22+%22Arktika%22+%22north+pole%22&dq=%22in+1977%22+%22Arktika%22+%22north+pole%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi-le_2h-HbAhVCmJAKHQJ8AlcQ6AEIQjAF}}</ref> || |
|- | |- | ||
− | | 1983 || || 90% of countries have container ports, up from 1% in 1966.<ref name="A Complete History Of The Shipping Container"/> || | + | | 1983 || Infrastructure || 90% of countries have container ports, up from 1% in 1966.<ref name="A Complete History Of The Shipping Container"/> || |
|- | |- | ||
− | | 2003 || || The {{w|Magdeburg Water Bridge}} opens. || {{w|Germany}} | + | | 2003 || Infrastructure || The {{w|Magdeburg Water Bridge}} opens. || {{w|Germany}} |
|- | |- | ||
− | | 2006 || || | + | | 2006 || Watercraft type || {{w|MS Freedom of the Seas}} is introduced and becomes the largest cruise liner ever. It has 18 decks and can carry 4,000 passengers. || |
|- | |- | ||
− | + | | 2018 || Watercraft type || {{w|MS Symphony of the Seas}}, the world's largest cruise ship by {{w|gross tonnage}} at 228,021 GT, sets sail from {{w|Barcelona}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Symphony of the Seas: World's largest cruise ship sets sail |url=https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/symphony-of-the-seas-world-largest-cruise-ship/index.html |website=edition.cnn.com |accessdate=21 June 2018}}</ref> || {{w|Spain}} | |
− | |||
− | | 2018 || || {{w|MS Symphony of the Seas}}, the world's largest cruise ship by {{w|gross tonnage}} at 228,021 GT, sets sail from {{w|Barcelona}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Symphony of the Seas: World's largest cruise ship sets sail |url=https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/symphony-of-the-seas-world-largest-cruise-ship/index.html |website=edition.cnn.com |accessdate=21 June 2018}}</ref> || {{w|Spain}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} |
Revision as of 15:28, 8 July 2018
This is a timeline of water transport, focusing on the evolution of watercraft.
Contents
Big picture
Time period | Development summary |
---|---|
20th century | The container revolution in shipping begins in the late 1960s.[1] |
21th century | There are more than 6,000 container vessels currently in service.[2] |
Full timeline
Year | Category | Event | Geographical location |
---|---|---|---|
45000 BC | Notable voyage | 4The first humans arrive in Australia, presumably by boats and land bridge. | Australia |
6000 BC | Watercraf type | Egyptians already travel in reed boats.[3] | Egypt |
4500 BC | Technology | Mesopotamians add sails to their boats.[3] | Irak |
3500 BC | Watercraft type | Oar-powered ships sail Eastern Mediterranean seas.[3] | |
2000 BC? | Infrastructure | The Canal of the Pharaohs is built in Egypt.[4] | Egypt |
1575 BC – 1520 BC | Watercraft type | Dover Bronze Age Boat, the oldest known plank vessel, is built. | |
542 BC | Watercraft | First written record of a trireme.[5] | |
247 BC | Infrastructure | The Lighthouse of Alexandria is completed.[6][7][8] | Egypt |
214 BC | Infrastructure | The Lingqu Canal is built. It is the earliest canal recorded in history.[9][10][11] | China |
c.200 AC | Watercraft type | Junks are developed in China.[12] | China |
984 AC | Infrastructure | Pound locks are used in China.[13][14][15] | China |
c.1000 AC | Leif Ericson reaches North America. This is the first recorded crossing of the Atlantic Ocean. | ||
1088 | Technology | Chinese polymath Shen Kuo first describes a magnetic compass in his Dream Pool Essays.[16][17][18] | China |
1620 | Watercraft type | Dutch engineer Cornelis Drebbel builds the world's first submarine.[19][20][21] | Netherlands |
1783 | Watercraft | French engineer Claude de Jouffroy constructs the first recorded steamboat.[22][23][24] | |
1787 | Watercraft type | American inventor John Fitch designs the first steamboat in the United States.[25][26][27] | United States |
1803 | Watercraft type | Scottish engineer William Symington's Charlotte Dundas, generally considered to be the world's first practical steamboat, makes its first voyage.[28][29][30] | |
1804 | Watercraft type | American inventor Oliver Evans builds an early amphibious vehicle.[31][32][33] | United States |
1807 | Watercraft type | American engineer Robert Fulton develops its North River Steamboat, the first commercially successful steamboat.[34][35][36] | United States |
1807 | Technology | French inventor Nicéphore Niépce patents his Pyréolophore, the world's first internal combustion engine.[37][38][39] | France |
1819 | Technology | The SS Savannah makes the first transatlantic crossing by a steamship, from Savannah, Georgia to London.[40][41][42] | United States, United Kingdom |
1861 | Watercraft type | The Elizabeth Watt is generally credited for being the first ship to transport a cargo of oil across the Atlantic.[43] | |
1861 | Watercraft type | The USS Ice Boat (1861) launches as the first purpose-built icebreaker.[44][45] | United States |
1864 | Technology | Ictineo II, by Spanish engineer Narcís Monturiol, becomes the first submarine powered by an internal-combustion engine.[46][47][48] | Spain |
1869 | Infrastructure | The Suez Canal opens.[49][50][51] | Egypt |
1893 | Infrastructure | The Corinth Canal opens.[52][53][54] | Greece |
1895 | Infrastructure | The Kiel Canal opens.[55][56][57] | Germany |
1897 | Watercraft type | The Turbinia is launched. It is the first vessel to be powered by a steam turbine.[58][59][60] | United Kingdom |
1911 | Watercraft type | Glenn Curtiss builds an early hydroplane.[61][62][63] | United States |
1911 | Technology | The MS Selandia becomes the first important ocean-going vessel to be diesel powered.[64][65][66] | Denmark |
1914 | Infrastructure | The Panama Canal opens.[67][68][69] | Panama |
1915 | Watercraft type | Austrian naval officer Dagobert Müller von Thomamühl creates the first air cushion torpedo speedboat.[70] | Austria |
1918 | Watercraft type | The HMS Furious (47) becomes the first aircraft carrier used in warfare.[71][72][73] | United Kingdom |
1955 | Watercraft type | USS Nautilus (SSN-571) launches as the world's first nuclear-powered vessel.[74][75][76] | United States |
1957 | Watercraft type | Malcom McLean's Gateway City, the first ever ship specifically designed to carry containers, makes its first voyage from New Jersey to Miami.[2] | United States |
1966 | Notable voyage | Sea-Land’s Fairland sails from the United States to the Netherlands with 236 containers on-board, in the first international container ship voyage.[2] | United States, Netherlands |
1966 | Infrastructure | Around 1% of countries have container ports.[2] | |
1977 | Notable voyage | Soviet icebreaker Arktika makes the first surface voyage to the North Pole.[77][78][79] | |
1983 | Infrastructure | 90% of countries have container ports, up from 1% in 1966.[2] | |
2003 | Infrastructure | The Magdeburg Water Bridge opens. | Germany |
2006 | Watercraft type | MS Freedom of the Seas is introduced and becomes the largest cruise liner ever. It has 18 decks and can carry 4,000 passengers. | |
2018 | Watercraft type | MS Symphony of the Seas, the world's largest cruise ship by gross tonnage at 228,021 GT, sets sail from Barcelona.[80] | Spain |
Meta information on the timeline
How the timeline was built
The initial version of the timeline was written by User:Sebastian.
Funding information for this timeline is available.
What the timeline is still missing
Timeline of transportation technology page 625, [1], [2], [3], Maritime timeline
Timeline update strategy
See also
External links
References
- ↑ Stratton, Michael; Trinder, Barrie Stuart. Twentieth Century Industrial Archaeology.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 "A Complete History Of The Shipping Container". containerhomeplans.org. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 McFaul, Thomas R.; Brunsting, Al. God Is Here to Stay: Science, Evolution, and Belief in God.
- ↑ Burchell, S. C. The Suez Canal.
- ↑ Treister, Michail Yu. The Role of Metals in Ancient Greek History.
- ↑ Kamath, Anjali. Seven Wonders Of Worlds.
- ↑ Splinter, Robert. Illustrated Encyclopedia of Applied and Engineering Physics, Three-Volume Set.
- ↑ Cline, Teresa. On a Tall Budget and Short Attention Span (Full Color).
- ↑ Sweeting, Marjorie M. Karst in China: Its Geomorphology and Environment.
- ↑ Developing Gratitude in Children and Adolescents (Jonathan R. H. Tudge, Lia Beatriz de Lucca Freitas ed.).
- ↑ Xu, Gang. Tourism and Local Development in China: Case Studies of Guilin, Suzhou and Beidaihe.
- ↑ "Chinese junks". historyanswers.co.uk. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
- ↑ Temple, Robert K. G. China: Land of Discovery [and Invention].
- ↑ Menzies, Gavin. 1434: The Year a Magnificent Chinese Fleet Sailed to Italy and Ignited the Renaissance.
- ↑ Landry, Elaine; Dartford, Mark; Morris, Trevor. The New Illustrated Science and Invention Encyclopedia: The New how it Works, Volume 11.
- ↑ Stein, Stephen K. The Sea in World History: Exploration, Travel, and Trade [2 volumes].
- ↑ DK. Science Year by Year: A Visual History, From Stone Tools to Space Travel.
- ↑ Whitehouse, David. Journey to the Centre of the Earth: The Remarkable Voyage of Scientific Discovery into the Heart of Our World.
- ↑ Thornton, W.M. Submarine Insignia and Submarine Services of the World.
- ↑ The Submarine. United States Navy.
- ↑ Broadwater, Robert P. Civil War Special Forces: The Elite and Distinct Fighting Units of the Union and Confederate Armies: The Elite and Distinct Fighting Units of the Union and Confederate Armies.
- ↑ Mapp, Alf J. Three Golden Ages: Discovering the Creative Secrets of Renaissance Florence, Elizabethan England, and America's Founding.
- ↑ Owen Philip, Cynthia. Robert Fulton: A Biography.
- ↑ Headrick, Daniel R. Power over Peoples: Technology, Environments, and Western Imperialism, 1400 to the Present.
- ↑ McCloy, Shelby T. French Inventions of the Eighteenth Century.
- ↑ Grayson, Robert. The U.S. Industrial Revolution.
- ↑ Barth, Linda J. New Jersey Originals: Technological Marvels, Odd Inventions, Trailblazing Characters and More.
- ↑ Growing Up with Science. Marshall Cavendish Corporation.
- ↑ Lienhard, John H. How Invention Begins: Echoes of Old Voices in the Rise of New Machines.
- ↑ Wolmar, Christian. The Great Railway Revolution: The Epic Story of the American Railroad.
- ↑ Shallat, Todd A. Structures in the Stream: Water, Science, and the Rise of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
- ↑ Jefferson, Thomas. The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Retirement Series, Volume 7: 28 November 1813 to 30 September 1814.
- ↑ Clark, Daniel-Kinnear; Colburn, Zerah. Recent Practice in the Locomotive Engine ... Comprising the Latest English Improvements, and a Treatise on the Locomotive Engines of the United States.
- ↑ Schwarz, George R. The Steamboat Phoenix and the Archaeology of Early Steam Navigation in North America.
- ↑ Adams, Arthur G. The Hudson Through the Years.
- ↑ Ward, John D. An Account of the Steamboat Controversy Between the Citizens of New York and New Jersey, from 1811 to 1824: Originating in the Asserted Claim of New York to the Exclusive Jurisdiction Over All the Waters Between the Two States.
- ↑ Hannavy, John. Encyclopedia of nineteenth-century photography: A-I, index.
- ↑ Winterton, Wayne. Stories from History’S Dust Bin, Volume 1.
- ↑ Hughes, Stefan. Catchers of the Light: The Forgotten Lives of the Men and Women Who First Photographed the Heavens.
- ↑ McDonogh, Gary W. Black and Catholic in Savannah, Georgia.
- ↑ Blume, Kenneth J. Historical Dictionary of the U.S. Maritime Industry.
- ↑ Beney, Peter. The Majesty of Savannah.
- ↑ "Historical Development of the Pipeline as a Mode of Transportation" (PDF). gammathetaupsilon.org. Retrieved 18 August 2017.
- ↑ "NavSource Online: "Old Navy" Ship Photo Archive". navsource.org. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
- ↑ "Phila. Ice Boat. Navy Yard. Washington DC May 23/61.". americancivilwarphotos.com. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
- ↑ Verne, Jules. Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea.
- ↑ Cairns, Lynne. Secret Fleets: Fremantle's World War II Submarine Base.
- ↑ Chaffin, Tom. The H. L. Hunley: The Secret Hope of the Confederacy.
- ↑ Raugh, Harold E. The Victorians at War, 1815-1914: An Encyclopedia of British Military History.
- ↑ Burns, Maria G. Port Management and Operations.
- ↑ Graf, Arndt; Huat, Chua Beng. Port Cities in Asia and Europe.
- ↑ De Wire, Elinor; Reyes-Pergioudakis, Dolores. The Lighthouses of Greece.
- ↑ di Castri, F.; Hansen, A.J.; Debussche, M. Biological Invasions in Europe and the Mediterranean Basin.
- ↑ Tan, T. S. Characterisation and Engineering Properties of Natural Soils, Volume 2.
- ↑ Yang, Haijiang. Jurisdiction of the Coastal State over Foreign Merchant Ships in Internal Waters and the Territorial Sea.
- ↑ Aust, Anthony. Handbook of International Law.
- ↑ Platzöder, Renate; Verlaan, Philomène A. The Baltic Sea: New Developments in National Policies and International Cooperation.
- ↑ Blume, Kenneth J. Historical Dictionary of the U.S. Maritime Industry.
- ↑ Newton, David E. Encyclopedia of Water.
- ↑ DK. 1000 Inventions and Discoveries.
- ↑ San Diego: a California City. San Diego Historical Society.
- ↑ Flying Magazine May 1967.
- ↑ Great Soviet Encyclopedia.
- ↑ Schobert, Harold H. Energy and Society: An Introduction.
- ↑ Ville, Simon. Shipbuilding in the United Kingdom in the Nineteenth Century: A Regional Approach.
- ↑ Kaplan, Philip. Naval Air: Celebrating a Century of Naval Flying.
- ↑ Aguirre, Robert. The Panama Canal.
- ↑ the panama canal in transition.
- ↑ LOIZILLON, GABRIEL J. THE BUNAU-VARILLA BROTHERS AND THE PANAMA CANAL.
- ↑ "Müller (von) Thomamühl, Dagobert". austria-forum.org. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
- ↑ Shipbuilding and Shipping Record, Volume 49, Part 2.
- ↑ Friedman, Norman. British carrier aviation: the evolution of the ships and their aircraft.
- ↑ Kaplan, Philip. Naval Air: Celebrating a Century of Naval Flying.
- ↑ Castellano, Robert N. Alternative Energy Technologies: Opportunities and Markets.
- ↑ Страутман, Лидия; Гумарова, Шолпан; Сабырбаева, Назигуль. Introduction to the World of Physics. Методическое пособие по переводу научно-технических текстов.
- ↑ Skaarup, Harold A. New England Warplanes: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut.
- ↑ Valsson, Trausti. How the World Will Change with Global Warming.
- ↑ Nuttall, Mark. Encyclopedia of the Arctic.
- ↑ Armstrong, Terence E.; Okhuizen, Edwin; Bulatov, V. N.; Nielsen, Jens Petter. Historical and Current Uses of the Northern Sea Route: ] pt. 4. the administration of the northern sea route (1917-1991).
- ↑ "Symphony of the Seas: World's largest cruise ship sets sail". edition.cnn.com. Retrieved 21 June 2018.