Timeline of weight loss

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Time period Development summary More details
19th century "In the mid-1800s, the ideal of both masculine and feminine beauty was thin and romantic. The bad news for overweight people was clothing became form-fitting for both sexes. Women's dresses required a tiny laced-in waist from 1850 to 1920. Men wore tights or breeches with tight-fitting jackets until around the end of the 19th century when looser trousers or pants came in style. "[1]

Full timeline

Year Event type Details Location
3rd century BC "Dieting goes back at least as far as the 3rd century BC, according to Louise Foxcroft, author of Calories & Corsets: A History of Dieting Over 2000 Years. She says that followers of the ancient Greek physician Hippocrates recommended a diet of light and emollient foods, slow running, hard work, wrestling, sea-water enemas, walking about naked and vomiting after lunch. The Greeks believed that being fat was morally and physically detrimental, the result of luxury and corruption, so food and living should be plain with nothing to unduly stir the passions or arouse the appetites. This was the first documented diet or "diatia" (Foxcroft, 2011)."[2]
600 AD "Around 600 AD Pope Gregory defined gluttony not just as eating too much, but also as eating wildly or eagerly or eating between meals. He said that "picky" eaters and gourmands were also guilty of this deadly sin."[1]
1066 AD "The world's first liquid diet appeared around 1066 A.D. William the Conquerer grew so fat that he had problems mounting his horse. When he fell off and landed head first, he had to pretend he was kissing the ground in joy. He gave up food and went on a drinking man's diet -- all he consumed was alcohol. "[1]
1087 "After the ancient Greeks, it is believed that it wasn't until the year 1087 that dieting was mentioned again in literature. Apparently, that is when William the Conqueror had become too heavy to ride his horse, so he decided that he would stop eating solid foods and only partake in a "liquid diet" that consisted only of alcohol in an attempt to lose weight."[2]
1550 " In 1550 John Halle advised people to eat simply because, "More die of gluttony than the sword or the plague.""[1]
1558 "The first actual diet book came out in 1558 and is still in print. Luigi Cornaro was an extremely overweight Italian who had an ephiphany when he was around 40 years old. Tired of being overweight, feeling out of control, and unable to have sex, he limited himself to 12 ounces of food a day and 14 ounces of wine. His book, "The Art of Living Long," advises others to do the same. Cornaro lived to be almost a hundred years old, and toward the end of his life, he only ate egg yolks."[1] Italy
1614 "In 1614 Giacomo Castelvetro published "The Fruits, Herbs and Vegetables of Italy," also still in print. Castelvetro criticized the English for eating too much meat and sugar, and promoted the Italian way of eating fresh vegetables. His book was a forerunner to today's popular "Mediterranean Diet.""[1] Italy
1660 "In 1660 famine swept Europe, and people ate hunger-suppressing foods like potatoes. Starving cartoonists made fun of the very fat George IV, calling him the "Prince of Whales.""[1]
1730 "The second real diet book was "The Natural Method of Cureing the Diseases of the Body," by Dr. George Cheyne in 1730. Dr. Cheyne was grossly fat. He went on a diet of milk and vegetables but the moment he went back to regular foods, he regained it. He became a lifelong vegetarian, and wrote that "the nervous diseases of man come from confined animals. I cannot find difference between feeding on human flesh or animal flesh,” an attitude that still exists today among certain vegetarians."[1]
1825 Literature "In 1825 Billat-Savarin wrote "The Physiology of Taste or Meditations on Transcendental Gastronomy," and argued that "fat is not a disease but a lamentable result of an inclination to which we give way." Fat people must give up bread and flour-based foods, root vegetables like potatoes, sugar and starches, and eat only fruits, vegetables and lean meats. This was the forerunner of Atkins, South Beach, Paleo, Caveman and other modern low-carb regimes."[1]
1830 "In 1830 Sylvester Graham, inventor of the graham cracker, wrote that fat is bad for your health, and makes you corrupt morally and sexually promiscuous. He advised parents to teach temperate eating as a matter of morals. Graham lead health retreats, preaching vegetarianism and the avoidance of tea, coffee, tobacco and alcohol."[1]
1833 " In 1833 Dr. Gustav Zander invented a belt-driven fat massager that wrapped around the body to jiggle fat away even as it cured gout, arthritis, nervous exhaustion, ladies' ailments, and made life worth living again."[1]
1856 "In 1856 Dr. A.W. Moore, who himself had to battle overweight, published a diet guide that included a section where readers recorded what they ate at each meal along with their weights."[1]
1860 "In 1860 an English undertaker by the name of William Banting weighed 202 pounds on a five foot five inch frame. Like most dieters, he tried everything to lose weight, including eating lighter foods, swimming, spas, and laxatives. He finally lost 50 pounds on a diet he invented himself, and went on to publish it in a pamphlet called "Letter on Corpulence." The pamphlet sold thousands of copies all over the world, and so many people were on it that the term "I am banting" meant "I am on a diet"."[1] United Kingdom
1881 "One book from 1881 even advised governments to arrest and imprison fat people."[1]
1917 "In 1917, the weight-loss industry began to focus on calories when Dr. Lulu Hunt Peters published Diet and Health (Peters, 1918). The success of her book was attributed to the concept of counting calories. It sold more than two million copies and became the first bestselling American diet book. Dr. Peters urged readers to view the calorie as a measurement and rather than judge meals by portion size. It was recommended that the amount of calories in any given food were counted and totaled each day. She concluded that to lose weight it was important to stay under 1,200 calories a day."[2][1] United States
1930s "There was the grapefruit diet of the 1930s (in which people ate half a grapefruit with every meal out of a belief that the fruit contained fat-burning enzymes) and the cabbage-soup diet of the 1950s (a flatulence-inducing plan in which people ate cabbage soup every day for a week alongside low-calorie meals)."[3]
1960s "The 1960s saw the beginning of the massive commercialization of dieting in the U.S. "[3]
1961 "". Since 1961 the American Heart Association had suggested a diet low in cholesterol and saturated fat (1), and this was incorporated into Dietary Guidelines for Americans in 1980, with an upper limit of 30% of total calories to be derived from fat (2)."[4][5]
1975–2014 "The global average body mass index (BMI) of women increased from 22.1 kg/m2 in 1975 to 24. 4 kg/m2 in 2014, and that of men increased from 21.7 kg/m2 to 24.2 kg/m2 over the same period”[6]
1980s "By the 1980’s reduced dietary fat had been replaced by increased refined carbohydrate (2), and evolving technologies, including the personal computer, had reduced physical activity (5,6)"[5]
1987 "And, yes, it does appear that in people with diabetes, weight loss may be more difficult than in people without diabetes, as was first suggested by Wing et al.17 in 1987"[7]
1990 “In 1990, adults with obesity made up less than 15% of the U.S. population. By 2010, most states were reporting obesity in 25% or more of their populations. Today that has swelled to 40% of the adult population. For kids and teens, it’s 17%”[3] United States
1992 "According to the U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Americans spent an estimated $30 billion a year in 1992 on all types of diet programs and products, including diet foods and drinks"[8]
1994 "In 1994, Congress passed the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act, which exempted dietary supplements (including those promoted for weight loss) from the requirement to demonstrate safety and efficacy."[9]
1996 "In 1996, 49 states and the District of Columbia participated in the BRFSS and asked all weight control questions (n=118,265)."[10]
2001 Research “A meta-analysis in 2001, revealed that using a very low energy diet (VLED) for weight loss or losing more than 20 kg are two predictors of weight maintenance,[9] however, one study that assessed the method of weight loss, declared that patients on VLED gain more weight after the end of the weight loss period, but a self-directed approach was more successful in this regard”[11]
2007–2008 ""In China, among 46,239 adults surveyed in 2007 to 2008, the prevalence of overweight or obese was 36.67% and 29.77% in men and women, respectively, which doubled compared with the rate in 2002" [6] "
2008 "In 2008, costs to treat obesity totaled $147 billion in the US [8]."[12]
2009–2010 "According to the 2009-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 78 million (35.7%) US adults and 12.5 million (16.9%) US children and adolescents were obese"[12]
2015–2016 Statistics “According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, around 93.3 million adults in the United States had obesity in 2015–2016. This number is equivalent to 39.8 percent of the population”[13] United States

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References

  1. 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 "The History of Dieting". skyterrawellness.com. Retrieved 2 January 2021. 
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Greenlaw, Peter; Greenlaw, Drew. "The History of Dieting and Weight Loss: It Started 2,300 Years Ago With the Greeks". christianpost.com. Retrieved 2 January 2021. 
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 Sifferlin, Alexandra. "The Weight Loss Trap: Why Your Diet Isn't Working". time.com. Retrieved 16 January 2021. 
  4. Bosomworth, John. "Weight loss in healthy people". thischangedmypractice.com. Retrieved 2 January 2021. 
  5. 5.0 5.1 "Weight loss in healthy people". This Changed My Practice. 6 January 2016. Retrieved 17 January 2021. 
  6. 6.0 6.1 Yao, Junpeng; He, Zhiqiong; Chen, Ying; Xu, Mingmin; Shi, Yunzhou; Zhang, Lin; Li, Ying (August 2019). "Acupuncture and weight loss in Asians: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis". Medicine. 98 (33): e16815. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000016815. 
  7. Franz, M. J. (1 July 2007). "The Dilemma of Weight Loss in Diabetes". Diabetes Spectrum. 20 (3): 133–136. doi:10.2337/diaspect.20.3.133. Retrieved 17 January 2021. 
  8. "Spending on weight-loss programs and products in the USA". worldometers.info. Retrieved 17 January 2021. 
  9. "Weight Management: State of the Science and Opportunities for Military Programs.". 
  10. Serdula, Mary K.; Mokdad, Ali H.; Williamson, David F. (October 13, 1999). "Prevalence of Attempting Weight Loss and Strategies for Controlling Weight". doi:10.1001/jama.282.14.1353. 
  11. Fatemeh Azizi, Soeliman; Leila, Azadbakht. "Weight loss maintenance". PMID PMC4061651 Check |pmid= value (help). doi:24949037 Check |doi= value (help). Retrieved 16 January 2021. 
  12. 12.0 12.1 Blomain, Erik Scott; Dirhan, Dara Anne; Valentino, Michael Anthony; Kim, Gilbert Won; Waldman, Scott Arthur (16 April 2013). "Mechanisms of Weight Regain following Weight Loss". ISRN Obesity. 2013: 1–7. doi:10.1155/2013/210524. Retrieved 17 January 2021. 
  13. Whitworth, Gerhard. "10 tips for successful weight loss". Medical News Today. Retrieved 17 January 2021.