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Timeline of pancreatic cancer

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{{Attribute English Wikipedia|original-exists=yes}}
This is a '''timeline of [[wikipedia:pancreatic cancer|pancreatic cancer]]''', describing especially major discoveries and advances in treatment of the disease.
==Big picture==
! Year/period !! Key developments
|-
|18th century||First description of [[wikipedia:pancreatic cancer|pancreatic cancer]] in western medical literature.
|-
|19th century||First manifestation of pancreatic cancer as a disease entity. First [[wikipedia:pancreaticoduodenectomy|pancreaticoduodenectomy]] is attempted.
|-
|20th century||Pancreaticoduodenectomy improves early in the century and becomes successful. [[wikipedia:Allen Whipple|Allen Whipple]] popularizes [[wikipedia:pancreaticoduodenectomy|pancreaticoduodenectomy]] in the 1940s. In the 1970s tobacco use is found to cause pancreatic cancer. [[wikipedia:Chemotherapy|Chemotherapy]] drugs are released towards the end of the century in the United States.
|-
|2000s||Researchers begin to use [[wikipedia:CT scan|CT scan]] and [[wikipedia:endoscopy|endoscopic imaging]] to screen for pancreatic tumors. The pancreatic cancer [[wikipedia:genome|genome]] is mapped.<ref name="Progress & Timeline" />
|-
|Recent years||Pancreatic cancer remains an invariably deadly disease without any improvements in patient outcome over the last two decades.<ref name="Risk factors for pancreatic cancer" /> Pancreatic cancer is the twelfth most common cancer in the world, with 338,000 new cases diagnosed in 2012.<ref>{{cite web|title=Pancreatic cancer statistics|url=http://www.wcrf.org/int/cancer-facts-figures/data-specific-cancers/pancreatic-cancer-statistics|accessdate=18 September 2016}}</ref>
! Year/period !! Type of event !! Event !!Location
|-
|1761||Development||Italian anatomist [[wikipedia:Giovanni Battista Morgagni|Giovanni Battista Morgagni]] is attributed with the first known description of [[wikipedia:pancreatic cancer|pancreatic cancer]] in his publication ''De Sedibus Et Causis Morborum Per Anatomen Indagatis Libri Quinque''.<ref name="Pancreatic cancer: yesterday, today and tomorrow">{{cite web|title=Pancreatic cancer: yesterday, today and tomorrow|url=http://www.futuremedicine.com/doi/pdf/10.2217/fon-2016-0010|accessdate=13 September 2016}}</ref>||
|-
|1858||Development||American physician [[wikipedia:Jacob Mendez Da Costa|Jacob Mendez Da Costa]] describes the first microscopic [[wikipedia:diagnosis|diagnosis]] of [[wikipedia:adenocarcinoma|adenocarcinoma]], manifesting pancreatic cancer as a true disease entity.<ref name="Pancreatic cancer: yesterday, today and tomorrow"/>||
|-
|1898||Development||Italian surgeon [[wikipedia:Alessandro Codivilla|Alessandro Codivilla]] performs the first reported attempt at a [[wikipedia:pancreaticoduodenectomy|pancreaticoduodenectomy]] for a tumor involving the head of the [[wikipedia:pancreas|pancreas]] (the patient did not survive the postoperative period).<ref name="Pancreatic cancer: yesterday, today and tomorrow" />||
|-
|1906||Development||Scottish embryologist [[wikipedia:John Beard (embryologist)|John Beard]] proposes that [[wikipedia:Digestive enzyme|pancreatic proteolytic digestive enzymes]] represent the body's main defense against cancer, and that [[wikipedia:enzyme therapy|enzyme therapy]] would be useful as a treatment for all types of cancer.<ref>{{cite web|title=Enzyme Therapy and Cancer|url=http://www.dr-gonzalez.com/history_of_treatment.htm|accessdate=13 September 2016}}</ref>||
|-
|1909||Development||German surgeon [[wikipedia:Walter Kausch|Walter Kausch]] first describes the [[wikipedia:pancreaticoduodenectomy|pancreaticoduodenectomy]] procedure.<ref name="Current Concepts in Pancreatic Cancer">{{cite journal|title=Current Concepts in Pancreatic Cancer|doi=10.5772/60451|url=http://www.intechopen.com/books/updates-on-cancer-treatment/current-concepts-in-pancreatic-cancer}}</ref>||
|-
|1914||Achievement||German surgeon [[wikipedia:Georg Hirschel|Georg Hirschel]] performs the first successful [[wikipedia:pancreaticoduodenectomy|pancreaticoduodenectomy]] in one stage.<ref name="Pancreatic cancer: yesterday, today and tomorrow" />||
|-
|1937||Achievement||American physician [[wikipedia:Alexander Brunschwig|Alexander Brunschwig]] performs the first successful [[wikipedia:pancreaticoduodenectomy|pancreaticoduodenectomy]] in two stages for pancreatic cancer.<ref name="Evans">{{cite book|last1=Evans|first1=Douglas B.|title=Pancreatic Cancer|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=Fd8h89YGdX8C&pg=PA125&lpg=PA125&dq=%22pancreatic+cancer%22+%22in+1900..1920%22&source=bl&ots=HZvt26Oz3-&sig=q7gNatCR7ub_xnXnnIEcqIGkJsw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiTos2AmI3PAhVHPJAKHYDsCpsQ6AEIXTAJ#v=onepage&q=%22pancreatic%20cancer%22%20%22in%201900..1920%22&f=false}}</ref>||
|-
|1940||Development||American surgeon [[wikipedia:Allen Whipple|Allen Whipple]] performs a successful one-stage [[wikipedia:pancreaticoduodenectomy|pancreaticoduodenectomy]], being the first to popularize the procedure (today also called Whipple procedure). His major [[wikipedia:surgery|surgical operation]] involves the removal of the head of the [[wikipedia:pancreas|pancreas]], the [[wikipedia:duodenum|duodenum]], the proximal [[wikipedia:jejunum|jejunum]], [[wikipedia:gallbladder|gallbladder]], and often the distal [[wikipedia:stomach|stomach]]. This operation is performed to treat [[wikipedia:pancreatic cancer|cancerous tumours]] of the head of the pancreas, malignant tumors involving the [[wikipedia:common bile duct|common bile duct]], [[wikipedia:Major duodenal papilla|duodenal papilla]] or [[wikipedia:ampulla of Vater|ampulla of Vater]], or duodenum near the pancreas, some precancerous lesions, some cases of [[wikipedia:pancreatitis|pancreatitis]] with or without a definitive cause, and rarely, severe trauma.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Pancreatic cancer surgery: past, present, and future|doi=10.3978/j.issn.1000-9604.2015.06.07|pmc=4560737 | pmid=26361403|volume=27|year=2015|journal=Chin. J. Cancer Res.|pages=332–48 | last1 = Griffin | first1 = JF | last2 = Poruk | first2 = KE | last3 = Wolfgang | first3 = CL}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:United States|United States]]
|-
|1942||Achievement||First successful total [[wikipedia:pancreatectomy|pancreatectomy]] is performed at [[wikipedia:Mayo Clinic|Mayo Clinic]], for an [[wikipedia:insulinoma|insulinoma]].<ref name="M. Lowy">{{cite book|last1=M. Lowy|first1=Andrew|last2=Leach|first2=Steven D.|last3=Philip|first3=Philip|title=Pancreatic Cancer|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=JY58nY8I54cC&pg=PA328&lpg=PA328&dq=%22pancreatic+cancer%22+%22in+1940..1949%22&source=bl&ots=gS8cM5r81X&sig=S-O40kXJf-sLkOw-pqFehsEsZFM&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiB27Ovt4_PAhUFf5AKHeW6BmkQ6AEITTAI#v=onepage&q=%22pancreatic%20cancer%22%20%22in%201940..1949%22&f=false}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Rochester, Minnesota|Rochester, Minnesota]], [[wikipedia:US|US]]
|-
|1944||Discovery||First report of [[wikipedia:tuberculosis|tuberculosis]] mimicking pancreatic cancer.<ref>{{cite web|title=Pancreatic tuberculosis with splenic tuberculosis mimicking advanced pancreatic cancer with splenic metastasizes: a case report|url=http://casesjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1757-1626-1-84|accessdate=14 September 2016}}</ref>||
|-
|1947||Discovery||First recognition of a causative relationship between the subcutaneous [[wikipedia:adiponecrosis|adiponecrosis]] and pancreatic cancer.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lobular panniculitis: A manifestation of pancreatic tumor with fatal outcome|url=http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/0354-7310/2005/0354-73100504153J.pdf|accessdate=14 September 2016}}</ref>||
|-
|1951||Development||First performance of resection and reconstruction of the superior mesenteric vein for pancreatic cancer at [[wikipedia:University of Minnesota|University of Minnesota]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Al-Refaie|first1=Waddah B.|title=Vascular Resection for Pancreatic Cancer|url=http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-0-387-69252-4_20}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Minnesota|Minnesota]], [[wikipedia:US|US]]
|-
|1955||Development||Researchers first describe the clinical features of a [[wikipedia:gastrinoma|gastrinoma]] (a tumor in the pancreas or [[wikipedia:duodenum|duodenum]]).<ref name="Pancreatic Cancer, Cystic Neoplasms and Endocrine Tumors">{{cite book|title=Pancreatic Cancer, Cystic Neoplasms and Endocrine Tumors|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=_ivaBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA296&lpg=PA296&dq=%22pancreatic+cancer%22+%22first+described+in+1900..2015%22%22&source=bl&ots=v5458Utu-0&sig=RfeyBTn8251yNkMODdpX8qmPy-w&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=%22pancreatic%20cancer%22%20%22first%20described%20in%201900..2015%22%22&f=false}}</ref>||
|-
|1958||Development||Researchers first describe the persistent watery [[wikipedia:diarrhea|diarrhea]] and [[wikipedia:hypokalemia|hypokalemia]] associated with a pancreatic islet-cell tumor.<ref name="Pancreatic Cancer, Cystic Neoplasms and Endocrine Tumors" />||
|-
|1963||Development||The first case of pancreatic cancer with [[wikipedia:skeletal metastases|skeletal metastases]] is described.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Skeletal Metastases in Pancreatic Cancer: A Retrospective Study and Review of the Literature|pmc=2660584 | pmid=19325940 | volume=82|year=2009|journal=Yale J Biol Med|pages=1–6 | last1 = Borad | first1 = MJ | last2 = Saadati | first2 = H | last3 = Lakshmipathy | first3 = A | last4 = Campbell | first4 = E | last5 = Hopper | first5 = P | last6 = Jameson | first6 = G | last7 = Von Hoff | first7 = DD | last8 = Saif | first8 = MW}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Russia|Russia]]
|-
|1967||Discovery||Study shows that more than half of patients with pancreatic cancer have psychological symptoms occurring as early as 43 months before physical symptoms.<ref name="Depression and Pancreatic Cancer: A Poorly Understood Link">{{cite web|title=Depression and Pancreatic Cancer: A Poorly Understood Link|url=http://www.joplink.net/prev/200901/news.html}}</ref>||
|-
|1979||Discovery||Researchers discover [[wikipedia:biomarker|biomarker]] [[wikipedia:CA 19-9|CA 19-9]] (commonly for diagnosis and management of patients with pancreatic cancer).<ref name="The Clinical Utility of CA 19-9 in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: Diagnostic and Prognostic Updates">{{cite journal|title=The Clinical Utility of CA 19-9 in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: Diagnostic and Prognostic Updates|pmc=4419808 | pmid=23331006 | volume=13|year=2013|journal=Curr. Mol. Med.|pages=340–51 | last1 = Poruk | first1 = KE | last2 = Gay | first2 = DZ | last3 = Brown | first3 = K | last4 = Mulvihill | first4 = JD | last5 = Boucher | first5 = KM | last6 = Scaife | first6 = CL | last7 = Firpo | first7 = MA | last8 = Mulvihill | first8 = SJ | doi=10.2174/156652413805076876}}</ref>||
|-
|1981||Treatment||Researchers discover that adding [[wikipedia:fluorouracil|fluorouracil]] to standard [[wikipedia:radiation|radiation]] boosts one year survival from 10 percent to 40 percent for patients with locally advanced inoperable pancreatic cancer.<ref name="Progress & Timeline" />||
|-
|1981||Discovery||Study at [[wikipedia:University of Maryland Medical Center|University of Maryland Medical Center]] links environmental exposure to pancreatic cancer. Researchers discover that male victims are more often employed in the dry-cleaning business or in occupations involving close exposure to [[wikipedia:gasoline|gasoline]]. They also find that women at risk of PC are more likely to smoke cigarettes, have uterine tumors and have had ovaries removed or have miscarriages.<ref>{{cite news|title=Pancreatic cancer tied to environmental causes|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1915&dat=19810115&id=jhUiAAAAIBAJ&sjid=CXUFAAAAIBAJ&pg=3058,2207558&hl=en|accessdate=14 September 2016|publisher=The Day}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Baltimore|Baltimore]], [[wikipedia:Maryland|Maryland]], [[wikipedia:US|US]]
|-
|1985||Treatment||[[wikipedia:Chemotherapy|Chemotherapy]] plus [[wikipedia:radiation|radiation]] are found to be effective as adjuvant therapy for patients with earlier stage of pancreatic cancer.<ref name="Progress & Timeline" />||
|-
|1992||Development||[[wikipedia:Endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration|Endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration]] (EUS-FNA) of a pancreatic mass is first described. Today it is the preferred method to sample pancreatic mass lesions.<ref name="Applications of endoscopic ultrasound in pancreatic cancer">{{cite journal|title=Applications of endoscopic ultrasound in pancreatic cancer|doi=10.3748/wjg.v20.i24.7808|pmc=4069310 | pmid=24976719|volume=20|year=2014|journal=World J. Gastroenterol.|pages=7808–18 | last1 = Luz | first1 = LP | last2 = Al-Haddad | first2 = MA | last3 = Sey | first3 = MS | last4 = DeWitt | first4 = JM}}</ref>||
|-
|1993||Development||Researchers show that a vaccine composed of tumor cells irradiated and genetically modified to produce immune system growth factor GM-CSF could induce potent, specific, and long-lasting anti-tumor immunity in mice. This work leads to the therapeutic cancer vaccine [[wikipedia:GVAX|GVAX]].<ref name="Review of Major Discoveries and Accomplishments">{{cite web|title=Review of Major Discoveries and Accomplishments|url=http://www.cancerresearch.org/our-strategy-impact/our-accomplishments|accessdate=14 September 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:United States|United States]]
|-
|1994||Discovery||Study finds that longtime [[wikipedia:cigarette smoking|cigarette smokers]] double their risk of pancreatic cancer.<ref>{{cite news|title=Smoking can double risk of pancreatic cancer|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=110&dat=19941019&id=Y0ZQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=rVUDAAAAIBAJ&pg=3129,1596772&hl=en|publisher=Ludington Daily News}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:United States|United States]]
|-
|1996||Treatment||[[wikipedia:Gemcitabine|Gemcitabine]] is approved for pancreatic cancer that has spread to nearby organs or to distant parts of the body, after clinical trial demonstrates that it modestly extends survival compared to [[wikipedia:fluorouracil|fluorouracil]], the previous standard of care.<ref name="Progress & Timeline" />||
|-
|1998||Development||First description of [[wikipedia:pancreatic stellate cells|pancreatic stellate cells]] (star-shaped cells that play an essential role in [[wikipedia:pancreatic fibrosis|pancreatic fibrosis]] in [[wikipedia:chronic pancreatitis|chronic pancreatitis]] and [[wikipedia:pancreatic cancer|pancreatic cancer]]).<ref name="Risk factors for pancreatic cancer">{{cite journal|title=Risk factors for pancreatic cancer: underlying mechanisms and potential targets|doi=10.3389/fphys.2013.00415|pmc=3893685 | pmid=24474939|volume=4|year=2013|journal=Front Physiol|pages=415 | last1 = Kolodecik | first1 = T | last2 = Shugrue | first2 = C | last3 = Ashat | first3 = M | last4 = Thrower | first4 = EC}}</ref>||
|-
|1999||Organization||The [[wikipedia:Lustgarten Foundation for Pancreatic Cancer Research|Lustgarten Foundation for Pancreatic Cancer Research]] is established as a [[wikipedia:non-profit|non-profit]] organization with the mission of advancing scientific and medical research related to the diagnosis, treatment, cure and prevention of pancreatic cancer.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Lustgarten Foundation for Pancreatic Cancer Research|url=https://www.charitynavigator.org/index.cfm?bay=search.summary&orgid=7998|accessdate=14 September 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Bethpage, New York|Bethpage, New York]], [[wikipedia:US|US]]
|-
|2004||Treatment||The European Study Group for Pancreatic Cancer (ESPAC) finds that adjuvant use (after surgery) of [[wikipedia:fluorouracil|fluorouracil]] more than doubles 5 year survival for patients with early pancreatic cancer.<ref name="Progress & Timeline" />||
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|2005||Treatment||United States [[wikipedia:FDA|FDA]] approves targeted drug [[wikipedia:erlotinib|erlotinib]] after trial finds that adding it to standard [[wikipedia:gemcitabine|gemcitabine]] chemotherapy extends the lives of patients with inoperable pancreatic cancer, compared to gemcitabine alone.<ref name="Progress & Timeline" />||[[wikipedia:United States|United States]]
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|2007||Development||First description of pancreatic cancer [[wikipedia:stem cells|stem cells]]. Since then, a number of cancer cells with distinct functional features (including self-renewal and exclusive in vivo [[wikipedia:tumorigenicity|tumorigenicity]]) emerges.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Concise Review: Stem Cells in Pancreatic Cancer: From Concept to Translation|doi=10.1002/stem.2114|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/stem.2114/abstract | volume=33|journal=STEM CELLS|pages=2893–2902}}</ref>||
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|2007–2008||Treatment||Two important studies demonstrate that adjuvant (post-surgery) treatment with [[wikipedia:gemcitabine|gemcitabine]], further extends survival for patients with early pancreatic cancer.<ref name="Progress & Timeline" />||
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|2008||Study||The pancreatic cancer [[wikipedia:genome|genome]] is mapped. 63 [[wikipedia:genetic disorder|genetic abnormalities]] are identified, along 12 key "pathways" that are present in the vast majority of pancreatic tumors.<ref name="Progress & Timeline" />||
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|2009||Organization||The [[wikipedia:Pancreatic Cancer Action|Pancreatic Cancer Action]] is established as a [[wikipedia:non-profit|non-profit]] organization whose mission is to raise awareness of pancreatic cancer.<ref>{{cite web|title=Pancreatic Cancer Action|url=https://pancreaticcanceraction.org/|accessdate=14 September 2016}}</ref>||[[wikipedia:Hampshire|Hampshire]] [[wikipedia:UK|UK]]
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|2010||Treatment||Major trial shows that initial treatment with [[wikipedia:FOLFIRINOX|FOLFIRINOX]] chemotherapy extends survival by nearly five months in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer, compared with standard [[wikipedia:gemcitabine|gemcitabine]] treatment.<ref name="Progress & Timeline" />||
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|2013||Treatment||Study shows that combination of two [[wikipedia:chemotherapy|chemotherapy]] drugs [[wikipedia:protein-bound paclitaxel|protein-bound paclitaxel]] and [[wikipedia:gemcitabine|gemcitabine]] is more effective than standard single drug therapy for people with metastatic pancreatic cancer.<ref name="Progress & Timeline">{{cite web|title=Pancreatic Cancer|url=http://cancerprogress.net/timeline/pancreatic-cancer}}</ref>||
|-
|2014|| ||United States [[wikipedia:FDA|FDA]] designates [[wikipedia:GVAX|GVAX]] given with another immunotherapy, [[wikipedia:CRS-207|CRS-207]], as a “Breakthrough Therapy” for pancreatic cancer.<ref name="Review of Major Discoveries and Accomplishments"/>||[[wikipedia:United States|United States]]
|-
|}
==See also==
* [[wikipedia:Timeline of colorectal cancer|Timeline of colorectal cancer]]* [[wikipedia:Timeline of kidney cancer|Timeline of kidney cancer]]* [[wikipedia:Timeline of lung cancer|Timeline of lung cancer]]* [[wikipedia:Timeline of brain cancer|Timeline of brain cancer]]* [[wikipedia:Timeline of liver cancer|Timeline of liver cancer]]* [[wikipedia:Timeline of bladder cancer|Timeline of bladder cancer]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Cancer timeline}}
[[wikipedia:Category:Pancreatic cancer|Category:Pancreatic cancer]][[wikipedia:Category:Health-related timelines|Category:Health-related timelines]]

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