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| 1853 – 1857 || || "Dr. John Snow (1813-1858)-A fulltime anesthetist since 1847, Dr. Snow popularizes obstetric anesthesia by chloroforming Queen Victoria for the birth of Prince Leopold (1853) and Princess Beatrice (1857). His books On the Inhalation of the Vapour of Ether** and On Chloroform and Other Anaesthetics*** enlightened physician-anesthetists. His sourcing of the 1854 London cholera epidemic to the Broad Street water pump founded epidemiology."<ref name="History of Anesthesia"/> ||
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| 1857 || Field development || "French physiologist Claude Bernardshows that a strongly paralysing poison such as curare (the first isolated neuromuscular blocking agent) blocks the passage of nerve impulses through the junction of a nerve and muscle.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schoffeniels |first1=E. |last2=Margineanu |first2=D. G. |title=Molecular Basis and Thermodynamics of Bioelectrogenesis |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=-Rviumfh3WEC&pg=PA26&dq=%221857%22+%22Claude+Bernard%22+%22curare%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjgq-OjmLvdAhUCDpAKHYrIB-0Q6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%221857%22%20%22Claude%20Bernard%22%20%22curare%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Donnerer |first1=Josef |title=The Chemical Languages of the Nervous System: History of Scientists and Substances |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=HkOhFssK5UIC&pg=PT143&dq=%221857%22+%22Claude+Bernard%22+%22curare%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjgq-OjmLvdAhUCDpAKHYrIB-0Q6AEILzAB#v=onepage&q=%221857%22%20%22Claude%20Bernard%22%20%22curare%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Essential Clinical Anesthesia |edition=Charles Vacanti, Scott Segal, for examplePankaj Sikka, alluded to the paralytic effect of curare in 1857"Richard Urman |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=TSIZm277e7sC&pg=PA5&dq=%221857%22+%22Claude+Bernard%22+%22curare%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjgq-OjmLvdAhUCDpAKHYrIB-0Q6AEIOTAD#v=onepage&q=%221857%22%20%22Claude%20Bernard%22%20%22curare%22&f=false}}</ref><ref name="The History of Professionalism in Anesthesiology"/> ||
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| 1860 || Drug || {{w|Cocaine}} is isolated.<ref name="History of anaesthesia"/> ||
