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| 1853 || Field development || Charles Pravaz and Alexander Wood independently invent the hollow hypodermic needle, which is attached to an earlier invention, the syringe, popularized in 1845 by Francis Rynd from Ireland<ref name="History of Anesthesia"/> ||
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| 1853 – 1857 || Field development || "Dr. English physician {{w|John Snow (1813-1858)-A fulltime anesthetist since 1847, Dr. Snow }} popularizes obstetric anesthesia by chloroforming Queen Victoria for the birth of Prince Leopold (1853) and Princess Beatrice (1857). His Snow books ''On the Inhalation of the Vapour of Ether** '' and ''On Chloroform and Other Anaesthetics*** enlightened '' enlighten physician-anesthetists. His sourcing of the 1854 London cholera epidemic to the Broad Street water pump founded epidemiology."<ref name="History of Anesthesia"/> ||{{w|United Kingdom}}
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| 1857 || Field development || French physiologist Claude Bernard shows that a strongly paralysing poison such as curare (the first isolated neuromuscular blocking agent) blocks the passage of nerve impulses through the junction of a nerve and muscle.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schoffeniels |first1=E. |last2=Margineanu |first2=D. G. |title=Molecular Basis and Thermodynamics of Bioelectrogenesis |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=-Rviumfh3WEC&pg=PA26&dq=%221857%22+%22Claude+Bernard%22+%22curare%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjgq-OjmLvdAhUCDpAKHYrIB-0Q6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%221857%22%20%22Claude%20Bernard%22%20%22curare%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Donnerer |first1=Josef |title=The Chemical Languages of the Nervous System: History of Scientists and Substances |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=HkOhFssK5UIC&pg=PT143&dq=%221857%22+%22Claude+Bernard%22+%22curare%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjgq-OjmLvdAhUCDpAKHYrIB-0Q6AEILzAB#v=onepage&q=%221857%22%20%22Claude%20Bernard%22%20%22curare%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Essential Clinical Anesthesia |edition=Charles Vacanti, Scott Segal, Pankaj Sikka, Richard Urman |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=TSIZm277e7sC&pg=PA5&dq=%221857%22+%22Claude+Bernard%22+%22curare%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjgq-OjmLvdAhUCDpAKHYrIB-0Q6AEIOTAD#v=onepage&q=%221857%22%20%22Claude%20Bernard%22%20%22curare%22&f=false}}</ref><ref name="The History of Professionalism in Anesthesiology"/> ||
