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| 19th century || During most of the century, the vast majority of notable advances in the science of anesthesiology are achieved by basic scientists. Among physiologists, {{w|Jean Pierre Flourens}}, {{w|François Magendie}}, and {{w|Claude Bernard}} are respected for their work on the effects and site of action of anesthetic gases. Pharmacologists and chemists, including {{w|Joseph von Mering}}, Hans Meyer, and Charles Overton, synthesize novel drugs and investigate the properties that enabled a chemical to function as an anesthetic. Surgeons, obstetricians, and dentists contribute the bulk of clinical advances in the field. Most of the practicing anesthetists function primarily as technicians who make meager contributions to advancing the scientific underpinnings of the discipline. This would begin to change in the late nineteenth century.<ref name="The History of Professionalism in Anesthesiology"/> In the 1980s, a movement opposing all types of human suffering is promoted by surgeon English physician {{w|Henry Hill Hickman}}.<ref name="The History of Professionalism in Anesthesiology"/>
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| 20th century || The anesthesia {{w|anaesthetic machine }} is introduced. By 1950 all of the elements of modern anaesthesia are in place. Very few of the drugs of that time are still in use, but their modern successors are really only improvements on the same theme.<ref name="The History of Anaesthesiavvv"/>
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| 1920 || Field development || British anesthetist {{w|Ivan Magill}} and Stanley Rowbotham develop endotracheal anesthesia,<ref name="History of anaesthesia"/> a technic in which the administration of an anesthetic may be facilitated and the patient benefited by an artificial extension of the tracheobronchial tree by means of a tube through which the patient's respiratory exchange takes place.<ref>{{cite web |title=ENDOTRACHEAL ANESTHESIA |url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamasurgery/article-abstract/547793 |website=jamanetwork.com |accessdate=26 September 2018}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
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| 1920 || Instrumental || The ether bottle is added to the anesthesia {{w|anaesthetic machine}}.<ref name="Anaesthesia machinev">{{cite web |title=Anaesthesia machine |url=https://www.slideshare.net/drdkmamc/anaesthesia-machine-28815136 |website=slideshare.net |accessdate=26 September 2018}}</ref> ||
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| 1922 || Literature || ''Current Researches in Anesthesia and Analgesia'' is launched in {{w|Cleveland}} by Francis H. McMechan as the world's first journal published by an anesthesia society, the International Anesthesia Research Society.<ref name="History of Anesthesia"/> || {{w|United States}}
| 1924 || Instrumental || Dr. Ralph Waters develops the first simple and easily transportable absorber, known as the "Waters Canister" and the "Waters To-and-Fro."<ref name="History of Anesthesia"/> ||
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| 1926 || Instrumental || The chloroform bottle is added to the anesthesia {{w|anaesthetic machine}}.<ref name="Anaesthesia machinev"/> ||
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| 1927 || Instrumental || The back bar is added to the anesthesia {{w|anaesthetic machine}}.<ref name="Anaesthesia machinev"/> ||
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| 1930 || Instrumental || Brian Sword introduces the circle absorption system.<ref name="History of Anesthesia"/> ||
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| 1930 || Instrumental || Plungers and cowls in ether and chloroform bottles are added to the anesthesia {{w|anaesthetic machine}}.<ref name="Anaesthesia machinev"/> ||
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| 1932 || Organization || The Association of anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland is formed.<ref name="History of anaesthesia"/> || {{w|United Kingdom}}, {{w|Ireland}}
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| 1933 || Instrumental || Dry bobbin flow meters replace water sight feed bottles in the anesthesia {{w|anaesthetic machine}}.<ref name="Anaesthesia machinev"/><ref name="The basic anaesthesia machine"/> ||
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| 1934 || Drug || {{w|Thiopentone}} is introduced into clinical use.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Webster |first1=Nigel R. |last2=Galley |first2=Helen F. |title=Landmark Papers in Anaesthesia |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=cTxoAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA73&dq=%22in+1934%22+%22Thiopentone%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjlmJCvl7vdAhWCFZAKHR6MD1IQ6AEIOTAD#v=onepage&q=%22in%201934%22%20%22Thiopentone%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Agasti |first1=TK |title=Textbook of Anesthesia for Postgraduates |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=f2YOpCMNFD4C&pg=PA342&dq=%22in+1934%22+%22Thiopentone%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjlmJCvl7vdAhWCFZAKHR6MD1IQ6AEINDAC#v=onepage&q=%22in%201934%22%20%22Thiopentone%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Thiopentone anaphylaxis |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1967.tb02730.x |website=onlinelibrary.wiley.com |accessdate=14 September 2018}}</ref><ref name="History of anaesthesia"/> || {{w|United States}}
| 1935 || Field development || The first diploma in anesthesia in {{w|England}} is awarded.<ref name="A Dictionary of the History of Medicine"/> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
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| 1937 || Instrumental || The rotameter displaces dry bobbin flowmeters in the anesthesia {{w|anaesthetic machine}}.<ref name="Anaesthesia machinev"/> ||
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| 1942 || Drug || Muscle relaxants are introduced.<ref name="History of anaesthesia"/> ||
| 1951 || Drug || Charles Suckling in {{w|Manchester}} first synthesizes {{w|Halothane}}, a general inhalation anesthetic used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia.<ref name="Medical Toxicology of Drug Abuse: Synthesized Chemicals and Psychoactive Plants">{{cite book |last1=Barceloux |first1=Donald G. |title=Medical Toxicology of Drug Abuse: Synthesized Chemicals and Psychoactive Plants |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=9JLiJcjdqkcC&pg=PA653&dq=%22in+1951%22+%22halothane%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiq3IyG67rdAhXFjpAKHfDlAzAQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%22in%201951%22%20%22halothane%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Agasti |first1=TK |title=Textbook of Anesthesia for Postgraduates |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=f2YOpCMNFD4C&pg=PA414&dq=%22in+1951%22+%22halothane%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiq3IyG67rdAhXFjpAKHfDlAzAQ6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201951%22%20%22halothane%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Wylie Churchill-Davidson's A Practice of Anesthesia 7th Edition |edition=Thomas EJ Healy, Paul R Knight |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=Uh-0XJkj-C8C&pg=PA524&dq=%22in+1951%22+%22halothane%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiq3IyG67rdAhXFjpAKHfDlAzAQ6AEIMzAC#v=onepage&q=%22in%201951%22%20%22halothane%22&f=false}}</ref><ref name="History of anaesthesia"/> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
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| 1952 || Instrumental || Woodbridge introduces the pin index safety system (PISS) into the anesthesia {{w|anaesthetic machine}}.<ref name="The basic anaesthesia machine"/> ||
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| 1955 || Organization || The World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists (WFSA) is established in {{w|Scheveningen}}, {{w|Netherlands}}, at the first World Congress of Anaesthesiologists (WCA).<ref name="History of Anesthesia"/> || {{w|Netherlands}}
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| 1958 || Instrumental || The Bodok seal is introduced into the anesthesia {{w|anaesthetic machine}}.<ref name="The basic anaesthesia machine"/> ||
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| 1960 || Drug || {{w|Methoxyflurane}} is introduced into clinical practice.<ref name="Medical Toxicology of Drug Abuse: Synthesized Chemicals and Psychoactive Plants"/> ||
| 1973 || Instrumental || Japanese physiologist and bioengineer Takuo Aoyagi introduces the pulse oximeter.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pulse oximetry: Its invention, contribution to medicine, and future tasks |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/11463912_Pulse_oximetry_Its_invention_contribution_to_medicine_and_future_tasks |website=researchgate.net |accessdate=20 August 2018}}</ref><ref name="History of anaesthesia"/> ||
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| 1979 || Instrumental || Standards for anesthesia {{w|anaesthetic machine }} are introduced.<ref name="Anaesthesia machinev"/> ||
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| 1983 || Field development || The {{w|laryngeal mask airway}} is introduced.<ref name="History of anaesthesia"/> ||
