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| 1878 || Scientific development || {{w|Ernst Abbe}} develops a mathematical theory linking resolution to light wavelength.<ref name="History of Microscopes"/> || {{w|Germany}}
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| 1879 || Scientific development || Using the microscope, German biologist {{w|Walter Flemming}} discovers cell mitosis and chromosomes, a scientifc achievement recognized as one of the most importants of all time.<ref name="History of Microscopes"/> ||
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| 1880 || Technological development || The first {{w|microtome}}s begin to be used enabling significantly thinner samples to be prepared in order to improve sample.<ref name="History of Microscopes"/> ||
