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Timeline of pollution in Delhi

272 bytes added, 13:51, 22 May 2019
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{| class="sortable wikitable"
! Year !! Month and date !! Category Pollution type !! Type of event !! Details
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| 1955 || || {{w|Water pollution}} || || Sewage and industrial wastes from the {{w|Najafgarh drain}} cause a famous {{w|jaundice}} episode in Delhi. The Najafgarh drain comes to be known as "sorrow of Delhi"<ref>{{cite book |last1=Agarwal |first1=S. K. |title=Water Pollution |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=VRl-24p3ju8C&pg=PA81&lpg=PA81&dq=%22pollution%22+%22delhi%22+%22in+1950..1969%22&source=bl&ots=GBwERB4Xbx&sig=ACfU3U3yFlFqPOOwPTxAV1K0Rb7e7cvnkg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjf2JD4oIziAhUOHbkGHWkIAfwQ6AEwCnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22pollution%22%20%22delhi%22%20%22in%201950..1969%22&f=false}}</ref>
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| 1974 || || {{w|Water pollution}} || Policy || The Central Pollution Control Board is set up under the Water Act.<ref name="Pollution in Delhi : A Chronic Problem"/>
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| 1982 || || || Policy || Delhi passes its first Industrial Policy.<ref name="Pollution in Delhi : A Chronic Problem">{{cite web |title=Pollution in Delhi : A Chronic Problem |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/pollution-in-delhi-a-chronic-problem-1510211965-1 |website=jagranjosh.com |accessdate=9 May 2019}}</ref>
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| 1985 || || Policy ({{w|air pollution}}) || Policy || The {{w|Supreme Court of India}} states verdict to deal with the chronic problem of vehicular pollution in Delhi, one of the earliest stand taken by judiciary.<ref name="Pollution in Delhi : A Chronic Problem"/>
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| 1987 || || {{w|Air pollution}} || || A survey estimates that 1172 tonnes of suspended particulate matter, hydrocarbons, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and other poisonous gases are spewed into the air in Delhi by industrial units, the various modes of transport and the power sector.<ref name="Air Pollutionf"/>
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| 1990 – 2001 || || General || Policy || A Master Plan of Delhi allows for "light" industry to be set up in residential areas. This creates a leeway for many industries which are not in the hazardous category (H) to start in the areas vacated by the "H" category industries without the necessity for any permission from the Delhi Pollution Control Committee.<ref name="Urban Environmental Governance">{{cite book |last1=Raju |first1=K.V. |last2=Ravindra |first2=A. |last3=Manasi |first3=S. |last4=Smitha |first4=K.C. |last5=Srinivas |first5=Ravindra |title=Urban Environmental Governance in India: Browsing Bengaluru |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=9LRTDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA51&lpg=PA51&dq=%22pollution%22+%22delhi%22+%22in+july%22+%221980..2019%22&source=bl&ots=Dx5PcfWeTQ&sig=ACfU3U1LpUtnPAgk7TjwpaKWHVliKxfGMg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj3ku_hvY_iAhVHF7kGHeIyCiUQ6AEwCnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22pollution%22%20%22delhi%22%20%22in%20july%22%20%221980..2019%22&f=false}}</ref>
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| 1993 – 2000 || || {{w|Light pollution}} || || Study author Pavan Kumar says {{w|New Delhi}}, along with {{w|Telangana}}, {{w|Maharashtra}}, {{w|Karnataka}} and {{w|Uttar Pradesh}} experienced increase in “very high light pollution intensity” in the period.<ref>{{cite web |title=Not just air, light pollution too is on the rise in India |url=https://scroll.in/article/909978/not-just-air-light-pollution-too-is-on-the-rise-in-india |website=scroll.in |accessdate=8 May 2019}}</ref>
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| 1994 || || {{w|Water pollution}} || || The Supreme Court takes ''[[w:Sua sponte|suo motu]]'' notice of a newspaper report about the pollution of the {{w|Yamuna}}.<ref name="Environmentalism"/>
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| 1995 || || General || Policy || The {{w|Supreme Court of India}} asks the Delhi Pollution Control Committee to categorize all industrial units in the city according to pollution hazard they pose.<ref name="Forging Environmentalism: Justice, Livelihood, and Contested Environments">{{cite book |last1=Bauer |first1=Joanne R. |title=Forging Environmentalism: Justice, Livelihood, and Contested Environments |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=c5amHzE241EC&pg=PA198&lpg=PA198&dq=delhi+pollution+%22in+1990..1999%22&source=bl&ots=pTitq09Rse&sig=ACfU3U07H9wh6Fql_c2u_yDBo0XYXbM9Eg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjHoLaP94ziAhVbJrkGHc6XD0oQ6AEwAXoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=delhi%20pollution%20%22in%201990..1999%22&f=false}}</ref>
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| 1995 || || Policy ( {{w|air Air pollution}}) || Policy || Delhi government introduces catalytic converter in passenger cars as vehicle control measure policy to curb air pollution in the city.<ref name="Pollution in Delhi : A Chronic Problem"/>
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| 1996 || February || {{w|Water pollution}} || Policy || The {{w|Supreme Court of India}} orders the Delhi state government to construct common effluent treatment plants, which the industries are required to pay for, to reduce water pollution.<ref name="Forging Environmentalism: Justice, Livelihood, and Contested Environments"/>
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| 1996 || April || General || Policy || The {{w|Supreme Court of India}} orders the relocation of factories away from residential areas.<ref name="Forging Environmentalism: Justice, Livelihood, and Contested Environments"/>
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| 1997 || || {{w|Air pollution}} || || The annual suspended particulate matter average concentration in Delhi is 339.3 microgrammes per cubic meter.<ref name="Air Pollutionf">{{cite book |last1=Agarwal |first1=S. K. |title=Air Pollution |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=dJlxyyLX0MoC&pg=PA21&lpg=PA21&dq=delhi+pollution+%22in+1990..1999%22&source=bl&ots=DEtF0ZVr2F&sig=ACfU3U1KGOrShtCgl4aKK6gcnO6XdSnwuQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjHoLaP94ziAhVbJrkGHc6XD0oQ6AEwAnoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=delhi%20pollution%20%22in%201990..1999%22&f=false}}</ref>
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| 1998 || || Policy ({{w|air Air pollution}}) || Policy || The {{w|Supreme Court of India}} orders a major transformation of Delhi's transportation system, in response to a public interest petition on air pollution.<ref name="Forging Environmentalism: Justice, Livelihood, and Contested Environments"/>
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| 1998 || || Policy ({{w|air Air pollution}}) || Policy || Delhi government introduces unleaded petrol as vehicle control measure policy to curb air pollution in the city.<ref name="Pollution in Delhi : A Chronic Problem"/>
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| 2000 || || Policy ({{w|air Air pollution}}) || Policy || Delhi government introduces reduction of benzene content in fuels and reduction of sulfur content in diesel as vehicle control measure policy to curb air pollution in the city.<ref name="Pollution in Delhi : A Chronic Problem"/>
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| 2003 || || General || Policy || After Supreme Court order on hazardous waste, stringent actions are prompted by various State Pollution Control Board in Delhi.<ref name="Urban Environmental Governance"/>
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| 2003 || || {{w|Air pollution}} || || Delhi wins the {{w|United States Department of Energy}}'s first 'Clean Cities International Partner of the Year' award for its "bold efforts to curb air pollution and support alternative fuel initiatives".<ref name="cities.expressindia.com">{{cite web|url=http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=85665 |title=Express India |publisher=Cities.expressindia.com |accessdate=11 March 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101231054504/http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=85665 |archivedate=31 December 2010 }}</ref>
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| 2007 || || {{w|Air pollution}} || || Study finds that the conversion of buses from diesel to CNG in Delhi helped reduce {{w|particulates}}, {{w|carbon monoxide}}, and {{w|sulfur oxide}}, while lowering the sulphur content of fuels cut both {{w|sulfur dioxide}} and – due to SO2 converting to sulphates, fine particles (PM10). Another study only identified lower CO as a result of the change to {{w|compressed natural gas}} in Delhi.<ref name="Delhi air quality"/>
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| 2009 || || {{w|Water pollution}}, {{w|soil contamination}} || Policy || Delhi allows the use of only virgin plastic.<ref name="Urban Environmental Governance"/>
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| 2011 || September || {{w|Air pollution}} || The {{w|World Health Organization}} releases data about urban air. This reveals that Delhi has crossed the maximum PM10 limit by almost 10-times at 198 μg/m3 (micrograms per cubic meter). Emission from vehicle and industrial activities are found to be linked with outdoor as well as indoor air pollution in Delhi.<ref name="Pollution in Delhi : A Chronic Problem">{{cite web |title=Pollution in Delhi : A Chronic Problem |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/pollution-in-delhi-a-chronic-problem-1510211965-1 |website=jagranjosh.com |accessdate=9 May 2019}}</ref>
| 2013 || April || {{w|Air pollution}} || Research paper by The Centre for Development Economics at Delhi School of Economics indicates that {{w|Delhi Metro}} helps reduce vehicular {{w|air pollution}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Delhi Metro helps reduce vehicular air pollution, indicates research |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/delhi-metro-helps-reduce-vehicular-air-pollution-delhi-school-of-economics-160315-2013-04-28 |website=indiatoday.in |accessdate=9 May 2019}}</ref>
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| 2014 || May || General || Statistics || The World Health Organization announces {{w|New Delhi}} as the most polluted city in the world.<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://qz.com/281251/here-is-why-india-has-no-clue-how-bad-its-air-pollution-problem-is/|title = Here is why India has no clue how bad its air pollution problem is|last = Madhok|first = Madhok|date = 16 October 2014|work = |access-date = 8 May 2019|via = |publisher = Quartz India}}</ref>
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| 2014 || December || {{w|Air pollution}} || Study || The {{w|Centre for Science and Environment}} classifies the air in Delhi as “severely polluted” for over 65 per cent days.<ref name="Delhi loses 80 lives to air pollution every day, says study"/>
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| 2015 || December || {{w|Air pollution}} || Study || Study shows that Delhi loses 80 lives to air pollution every day, or approximately 10,000 to 30,000 annual deaths in the city.<ref name="Delhi loses 80 lives to air pollution every day, says study">{{cite web |title=Delhi loses 80 lives to air pollution every day, says study |url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/delhi-loses-80-lives-to-air-pollution-every-day-says-study-50222 |website=downtoearth.org.in |accessdate=8 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Air pollution kills 30,000 in Delhi every year |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/air-pollution-kills-30k-in-delhi-every-year/story-8V6MbjDh6JC2PifATbSutO.html |website=hindustantimes.com |accessdate=8 May 2019}}</ref>
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| 2015 || End of the year || {{w|Air pollution}} || Policy || Severe air pollution in Delhi [[w:National Capital Region (India)|National Capital Region]] leads to a number of Supreme Court rulings, one banning the sale of diesel cars in the area with engine displacements greater than 2.0 L from January 1 to 1 April 2016.<ref name="Energy Law in India">{{cite book |last1=Naseem |first1=Mohammad |last2=Naseem |first2=Saman |title=Energy Law in India |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=QI2WDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT134&lpg=PT134&dq=%22pollution%22+%22delhi%22+%22in+april%22+%222000..2019%22&source=bl&ots=HBm3yGPNa-&sig=ACfU3U0cevPUsyw24VQTLXHDqUweCN4Qfw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwje17PEuY_iAhVzK7kGHZbnCjgQ6AEwA3oECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22pollution%22%20%22delhi%22%20%22in%20april%22%20%222000..2019%22&f=false}}</ref>
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| 2016 || November || {{w|Air pollution}} || Crisis || {{w|Air pollution}} in Delhi reaches 16 times above safe levels, and the Delhi government declares an emergency.<ref name="Despite government’s emergency pollution plan, Delhi once again breathed deadly air through winter">{{cite web |title=Despite government’s emergency pollution plan, Delhi once again breathed deadly air through winter |url=https://scroll.in/article/909935/despite-governments-emergency-pollution-plan-delhi-once-again-breathed-deadly-air-through-winter |website=scroll.in |accessdate=8 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Indian government declares Delhi air pollution an emergency |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/nov/06/delhi-air-pollution-closes-schools-for-three-days |website=theguardian.com |accessdate=10 May 2019}}</ref>
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| 2017 || November || {{w|Air pollution}} || Crisis || A public health emergency is declared by the Indian Medical Association in Delhi as air quality index breached 999, likened to smoking 50 cigarettes a day. Air pollution raises to over 710 micrograms per cubic meter, more than 11 times the World Health Organisation’s safe limit.<ref>{{cite web |title=Toxic Air Is Now A Year-Round Problem For Delhi |url=https://www.bloombergquint.com/politics/toxic-air-is-now-a-year-round-problem-for-delhi-2 |website=bloombergquint.com |accessdate=9 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1= |first1= |title=Delhi doctors declare pollution emergency as smog chokes city |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/nov/07/delhi-india-declares-pollution-emergency-as-smog-chokes-city |website=theguardian.com |accessdate=8 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Delhi residents panic as 'deadly smog' returns |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-41896676 |website=bbc.com |accessdate=8 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Delhi's air pollution is triggering a health crisis |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-41925067 |website=bbc.com |accessdate=8 May 2019}}</ref>
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| 2017 || November 25 || Policy ({{w|air Air pollution}}) || Policy || The {{w|Supreme Court of India}} bans the sale of {{w|firecracker}}s in Delhi to alleviate pollution.<ref>{{cite news|title=Supreme Court bans sale of firecrackers in Delhi, NCR |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/environment/pollution/SC-bans-sale-of-fire-crackers-in-Delhi-NCR/articleshow/55617850.cms? |accessdate=8 May 2019|work={{w|Times of India}}}}</ref>
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| 2017 || December || {{w|Air pollution}} || Crisis || During [[w:Sri_Lankan_cricket_team_in_India_in_2017–18#3rd_Test|a test match]] between [[w:Sri Lanka cricket team|Sri Lankan]] and [[w:Indian cricket team|Indian]] cricket teams in New Delhi, Sri Lanka players begin to feel breathing problems and several players vomit both in the rest rooms and in the field and have to use face masks until the end of the match.<ref name="Safi">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/dec/03/pollution-stops-play-at-delhi-test-match-as-bowlers-struggle-to-breathe|title=Pollution stops play at Delhi Test match as bowlers struggle to breathe|last=Safi|first=Michael|date=2017-12-03|work=The Guardian|access-date=8 May 2019|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref>
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| 2018 – 2019 || November 1 2018 – January 6 2019 || {{w|Air pollution}} || Policy || According to report, toxic levels of air pollution monitored over Delhi almost every week during the period shows that the government’s emergency plans to tackle the city’s annual crisis have failed.<ref name="Despite government’s emergency pollution plan, Delhi once again breathed deadly air through winter"/>
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| 2019 || March || {{w|Air pollution}} || Study || Study published in journal ''{{w|Nature Sustainability}}'' shows that high levels of air pollution in New Delhi during the fall and winter months are largely the result of post-harvest burning of crop residue. Pollution levels from crop burning are so high they rival fossil fuel emissions during peak summer months. The findings contradict the widespread notion that the emission flux between cities and the countryside is mainly one-way, and that the main source of pollution in a megacity is expected to be traffic.<ref>{{cite web |title=Burning Crops Are a Top Source of Air Pollution in India, Study Finds |url=https://e360.yale.edu/digest/burning-crops-are-a-top-source-of-air-pollution-in-india-study-finds?fbclid=IwAR2d_bY--LpvhhhGUIRxsFY5RMtlGBJuKeqQoK5k5K8hDsJ0pP1n5c6FpKo |website=e360.yale.edu |accessdate=15 May 2019}}</ref>
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