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| 1770 || || || "A chess-playing automaton debuts, then dupes Europe for decades" "A moving, mechanical device designed to imitate a human, “The Turk” fooled even Napoleon into thinking it could play chess. The jig was up in 1857 when The Turk’s final owner revealed how a person hidden inside moved its arms."<ref name="cloud.withgoogle.com"/>
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| 1801 || || || "1801- First Data Storage through the Weaving Loom"<ref name="medium.comb"/>
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| 1805 || Discovery || Least Squares || [[wikipedia:Adrien-Marie Legendre|Adrien-Marie Legendre]] describes the "méthode des moindres carrés", known in English as the [[wikipedia:least squares|least squares]] method.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Legendre|first1=Adrien-Marie|title=Nouvelles méthodes pour la détermination des orbites des comètes|date=1805|publisher=Firmin Didot|location=Paris|page=viii|url=https://books.google.com.au/books/about/Nouvelles_m%C3%A9thodes_pour_la_d%C3%A9terminati.html?id=FRcOAAAAQAAJ&redir_esc=y|accessdate=13 June 2016|language=French}}</ref> The least squares method is used widely in [[wikipedia:data fitting|data fitting]].
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| 1847 || || || "Philosopher and closet mystic George Boole created a form of algebra in which all values can be reduced to “true” or “false.” Essential to modern computing, Boolean logic helps a CPU decide how to process new inputs."<ref name="cloud.withgoogle.com"/><ref name="medium.comb">{{cite web |title=History of Machine Learning |url=https://medium.com/bloombench/history-of-machine-learning-7c9dc67857a5 |website=medium.com |accessdate=25 February 2020}}</ref>
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| 1890 || || || "1890 - Mechanical System for Statistical calculations" "Herman Hollerith created the first combined system of mechanical calculation and punch cards to rapidly calculate statistics gathered from millions of people."<ref name="medium.comb"/>
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| 1913 || Discovery || Markov Chains || [[wikipedia:Andrey Markov|Andrey Markov]] first describes techniques he used to analyse a poem. The techniques later become known as [[wikipedia:Markov chains|Markov chains]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Hayes|first1=Brian|title=First Links in the Markov Chain|url=http://www.americanscientist.org/issues/pub/first-links-in-the-markov-chain/|accessdate=15 June 2016|work=American Scientist|issue=March–April 2013|publisher=Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society|page=92|doi=10.1511/2013.101.1|quote=Delving into the text of Alexander Pushkin’s novel in verse Eugene Onegin, Markov spent hours sifting through patterns of vowels and consonants. On January 23, 1913, he summarized his findings in an address to the Imperial Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg. His analysis did not alter the understanding or appreciation of Pushkin’s poem, but the technique he developed—now known as a Markov chain—extended the theory of probability in a new direction.}}</ref>
