62,734
edits
Changes
no edit summary
| 1977 || Memory bias || {{w|Misattribution of memory}} || {{w|Misattribution of memory}}. Early research done by Brown and Kulik finds that flashbulb memories are similar to photographs because they can be described in accurate, vivid detail. In this study, participants describe their circumstances about the moment they learned of the assassination of President John F. Kennedy as well as other similar traumatic events. Participants are able to describe what they were doing, things around them, and other details.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Brown, R., Kulik J.|date=1977|title=Flashbulb memories|url=|journal=Cognition|volume=5|pages=73–99|doi=10.1016/0010-0277(77)90018-X}}</ref> || {{w|Misattribution of memory}} occurs "when a memory is distorted because of the source, context, or our imagination."<ref>{{cite web |title=Misattribution Effect |url=https://sites.google.com/site/falsememory02/current-research/misattribution |website=sites.google.com |accessdate=7 May 2020}}</ref>
|-
| 1977 || || {{w|Illusory truth effect}} || The {{w|illusory truth effect}} is first identified in a study at {{w|Villanova University}} and {{w|Temple University}}.<ref name="Hasher1977">{{cite journal|last1=Hasher |first1=Lynn |last2=Goldstein |first2=David |last3=Toppino |first3=Thomas |title=Frequency and the conference of referential validity |journal=Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior |date=1977 |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=107–112 |doi=10.1016/S0022-5371(77)80012-1 | |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160515062305/http://www.psych.utoronto.ca/users/hasher/PDF/Frequency%20and%20the%20conference%20Hasher%20et%20al%201977.pdf}}</ref><ref name="PLOS ONE">{{cite journal|title=People with Easier to Pronounce Names Promote Truthiness of Claims|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=9|issue=2|pages=e88671|date=September 6, 2014 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0088671|pmid=24586368|pmc=3935838|last1=Newman|first1=Eryn J.|last2=Sanson|first2=Mevagh|last3=Miller|first3=Emily K.|last4=Quigley-Mcbride|first4=Adele|last5=Foster|first5=Jeffrey L.|last6=Bernstein|first6=Daniel M.|last7=Garry|first7=Maryanne|bibcode=2014PLoSO...988671N}}</ref> || The {{w|illusory truth effect}} "occurs when repeating a statement increases the belief that it’s true even when the statement is actually false."<ref>{{cite web |title=Illusory Truth, Lies, and Political Propaganda: Part 1 |url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/psych-unseen/202001/illusory-truth-lies-and-political-propaganda-part-1 |website=psychologytoday.com |accessdate=7 May 2020}}</ref>
|-
| 1977 || Social bias || [[w:False-consensus effect|false consensus effect]] || A study conducted by {{w|Lee Ross}} and colleagues provides early evidence for a {{w|cognitive bias}} called the [[w:False-consensus effect|false consensus effect]], which is the tendency for people to overestimate the extent to which others share the same views.<ref>{{Cite journal|title = The "false consensus effect": An egocentric bias in social perception and attribution processes|journal = Journal of Experimental Social Psychology|pages = 279–301|volume = 13|issue = 3|doi = 10.1016/0022-1031(77)90049-x|first = Lee|last = Ross|first2 = David|last2 = Greene|first3 = Pamela|last3 = House|year = 1977}}</ref> || "It refers to the tendency to overestimate consensus for one′s attitudes and behaviors."<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Alicke |first1=Mark |last2=Largo |first2=Edward |title=The Role of Self in the False Consensus Effect |doi=10.1006/jesp.1995.1002 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0022103185710025}}</ref>
