Changes

Jump to: navigation, search

Timeline of cognitive biases

19 bytes added, 17:12, 17 July 2020
no edit summary
| 1847 || || {{w|Semmelweis effect}} || The term {{w|Semmelweis effect}} derives from the name of a Hungarian physician, {{w|Ignaz Semmelweis}}, who discovered in 1847 that childbed fever mortality rates fell ten-fold when doctors disinfected their hands with a chlorine solution before moving from one patient to another, or, most particularly, after an autopsy. The Semmelweis effect is a metaphor for the {{w|reflex}}-like tendency to reject new evidence or new knowledge because it contradicts established norms, beliefs, or {{w|paradigm}}s.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Mortell|first1=Manfred|last2=Balkhy|first2=Hanan H.|last3=Tannous|first3=Elias B.|last4=Jong|first4=Mei Thiee|title=Physician ‘defiance’ towards hand hygiene compliance: Is there a theory–practice–ethics gap?|journal=Journal of the Saudi Heart Association|date=July 2013|volume=25|issue=3|pages=203–208|doi=10.1016/j.jsha.2013.04.003|pmc=3809478|pmid=24174860}}</ref> || Semmelweis effect "refers to the tendency to automatically reject new information or knowledge because it contradicts current thinking or beliefs."<ref>{{cite web |title=Semmelweis Reflex (Semmelweis Effect) |url=https://www.alleydog.com/glossary/definition.php?term=Semmelweis+Reflex+%28Semmelweis+Effect%29 |website=alleydog.com |accessdate=7 May 2020}}</ref>
|-
| 1848 || || {{w|Bandwagon effect}} || {{w|Bandwagon effect}} "The phrase "jump on the bandwagon" first appeared in American politics in 1848 when {{w|Dan Rice}}, a famous and popular circus clown of the time, used his bandwagon and its music to gain attention for his political campaign appearances. As his campaign became more successful, other politicians strove for a seat on the bandwagon, hoping to be associated with his success. Later, during the time of [[{{w|William Jennings Bryan]]}}'s 1900 presidential campaign, bandwagons had become standard in campaigns,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wordwizard.com/phpbb3/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=6642 |title=Bandwagon Effect |accessdate=2007-03-09}}</ref> and the phrase "jump on the bandwagon" was used as a derogatory term, implying that people were associating themselves with success without considering that with which they associated themselves." || {{w|Bandwagon effect}} "is a psychological phenomenon whereby people do something primarily because other people are doing it, regardless of their own beliefs, which they may ignore or override."<ref>{{cite web |title=The Bandwagon Effect |url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/stronger-the-broken-places/201708/the-bandwagon-effect |website=psychologytoday.com |accessdate=7 May 2020}}</ref>
|-
| 1850 || || {{w|Stereotype}} || The first reference to “stereotype” appears as a noun that means “image perpetuated without change.”<ref name="Stereotypes Defined"/> ||
|-
| 1860 || || {{w|Weber–Fechner law}} || Both [[w:Weber–Fechner law|Weber's law and Fechner's law]] are published by [[w:Gustav Fechner|Gustav Theodor Fechner]] in the work ''Elemente der Psychophysik'' (''Elements of Psychophysics''). This publication is the first work ever in this field, and where Fechner coins the term {{w|psychophysics}} to describe the interdisciplinary study of how humans perceive physical magnitudes.<ref name="Fechner1">{{cite book
62,434
edits

Navigation menu