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| 1930 || || || The ''[[w:wiktionary:specious|specious]] present'' is further developed by {{w|William James}}.<ref name=andersen /> "James defined the specious present to be "the prototype of all conceived times... the short duration of which we are immediately and incessantly sensible". In "Scientific Thought" (1930), [[C. D. Broad]] further elaborated on the concept of the specious present and considered that the specious present may be considered as the temporal equivalent of a sensory datum.<ref name=andersen /> ||
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| 1932 || Memory bias || {{w|Fading Affect Bias}} || Some of the earliest evidence for the Fading Affect Bias dates back to a study by Cason, who does a study using a retrospective procedure where participants recall and rate past events and emotion when prompted finds that recalled emotional intensity for positive events is generally stronger than that of negative events.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Fleming|first=G. W. T. H.|date=January 1933|title=The Learning and Retention of Pleasant and Unpleasant Activities. (Arch. of Psychol., No. 134, 1932.) Cason, H.|journal=Journal of Mental Science|volume=79|issue=324|pages=187–188|doi=10.1192/bjp.79.324.187-c|issn=0368-315X}}</ref> || The {{w|Fading Affect Bias}} "It indicates that the emotional response prompted by positive memories often tends to be stronger than the emotional response prompted by negative memories."<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Skowronski |first1=John J. |last2=Walker |first2=W. Richard |last3=Henderson |first3=Dawn X. |last4=Bond |first4=Gary D. |title=Chapter Three - The Fading Affect Bias: Its History, Its Implications, and Its Future |doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-800052-6.00003-2 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128000526000032}}</ref>
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| 1933 || Memory bias || {{w|Von Restorff effect}} || The {{w|Von Restorff effect}} theory is coined by German psychiatrist and pediatrician {{w|Hedwig von Restorff}}, who, in her study, finds that when participants are presented with a list of categorically similar items with one distinctive, isolated item on the list, memory for the item is improved.<ref name="vonRestorff1933">{{cite journal|last1=von Restorff|first1=Hedwig|title=Über die Wirkung von Bereichsbildungen im Spurenfeld|journal=Psychologische Forschung [Psychological Research]|date=1933|volume=18|issue=1|pages=299–342|doi=10.1007/BF02409636|trans-title=The effects of field formation in the trace field|url=http://www.utsa.edu/mind/von_restorff_translation.htm|language=de}}</ref> || "It predicts that when multiple similar objects are present, the one that differs from the rest is most likely to be remembered."<ref>{{cite web |title=The Von Restorff effect |url=https://lawsofux.com/von-restorff-effect |website=lawsofux.com |accessdate=7 May 2020}}</ref>
