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Timeline of cognitive biases

995 bytes added, 20:27, 17 July 2020
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| 1980 || || {{w|subjective validation}} || The term ''{{w|subjective validation}}'' first appears in the book ''{{w|The Psychology of the Psychic}}'' by {{w|David F. Marks}} and Richard Kammann.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Frazier|first1=Kendrick|title=Science Confronts the Paranormal|date=1986|publisher=Prometheus Books|isbn=|page=101}}</ref> ||
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| 1981 || || || "The {{w|pseudocertainty effect}} was illustrated by [[Daniel Kahneman]], who received the Nobel Prize in economics for his work on decision making and decision theory, in collaboration with [[Amos Tversky]]. The studies that they researched used real and hypothetical monetary gambles and were often used in undergraduate classrooms and laboratories.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Tversky|first=A.|last2=Kahneman|first2=D.|date=1981-01-30|title=The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice|journal=Science|language=en|volume=211|issue=4481|pages=453–458|doi=10.1126/science.7455683|issn=0036-8075|pmid=7455683|url=https://semanticscholar.org/paper/23b08abfd6352a3c500e3a0db56431e890c40050|bibcode=1981Sci...211..453T}}</ref> ||
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| 1982 || Social bias || {{w|Trait ascription bias}} || {{w|Trait ascription bias}}. In a study involving fifty-six undergraduate psychology students from the University of Bielefeld, Kammer et al. demonstrate that subjects rate their own variability on each of 20 trait terms to be considerably higher than their peers.<ref name=kammer>{{cite journal |last=Kammer |first=D. |year=1982 |title=Differences in trait ascriptions to self and friend: Unconfounding intensity from variability |journal=Psychological Reports |volume=51 |issue=1 |pages=99–102 |doi=10.2466/pr0.1982.51.1.99 }}</ref> ||
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| 2012 || || {{w|Subadditivity effect}} || In an article in ''{{w|Psychological Bulletin}}'' it is suggested the {{w|subadditivity effect}} can be explained by an {{w|information-theoretic}} generative mechanism that assumes a noisy conversion of objective evidence (observation) into subjective estimates (judgment).<ref name="HilbertPsychBull">{{cite journal|last1=Hilbert|first1=Martin|title=Toward a synthesis of cognitive biases: How noisy information processing can bias human decision making|journal=Psychological Bulletin|date=2012|volume=138|issue=2|pages=211–237|doi=10.1037/a0025940|pmid=22122235|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023236/http://www.martinhilbert.net/HilbertPsychBull.pdf}}</ref> || The {{w|subadditivity effect}} is "the tendency to judge probability of the whole to be less than the probabilities of the parts".<ref>{{cite web |title=Today's term from psychology is Subadditivity Effect. |url=https://steemit.com/life/@jevh/today-s-term-from-psychology-is-subadditivity-effect |website=steemit.com |accessdate=7 May 2020}}</ref>
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| 2013 || || || "David Kahneman (and his associate Amos Tversky) originally coined the term {{w|loss aversion}} in 1979 in a landmark paper on subjective probability. Kahneman published “Thinking, Fast and Slow” in 2013." ||
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| 2013 || || {{w|End-of-history illusion}} || The term “End of History Illusion” originates in a journal article by psychologists Jordi Quoidbach, [[w:Daniel Gilbert (psychologist)|Daniel Gilbert]], and {{w|Timothy Wilson}} detailing their research on the phenomenon and leveraging the phrase coined by [[w:The End of History and the Last Man|Francis Fukuyama's 1992 book of the same name]].<ref name="Quoidbach2013">{{cite journal |last1= Quoidbach |first1= Jordi |last2= Gilbert |first2= Daniel T.|last3= Wilson |first3= Timothy D. |date= 2013-01-04 |title= The End of History Illusion |journal= [[w:Science (journal)|Science]] |volume= 339 |issue= 6115 |pages= 96–98 |doi= 10.1126/science.1229294 |pmid= 23288539|quote= Young people, middle-aged people, and older people all believed they had changed a lot in the past but would change relatively little in the future.|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130113214951/http://www.wjh.harvard.edu/~dtg/Quoidbach%20et%20al%202013.pdf |archivedate= 2013-01-13}}</ref> || The {{w|end-of-history illusion}} occurs "when people tend to underestimate how much they will change in the future.”<ref>{{cite web |title=Why You Won’t Be the Person You Expect to Be |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/04/science/study-in-science-shows-end-of-history-illusion.html |website=nytimes.com |accessdate=7 May 2020}}</ref>
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