Difference between revisions of "Timeline of diphtheria"
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| + | | 19th century || Diphtheria infection grows significantly late in the century to become one of the major causes of death, fuelled by the industrial revolution and increasingly crowded urban centers.<ref name="The strangler"/> | ||
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Revision as of 10:04, 9 May 2017
| Year/period | Key developments |
|---|---|
| 19th century | Diphtheria infection grows significantly late in the century to become one of the major causes of death, fuelled by the industrial revolution and increasingly crowded urban centers.[1] |
Full timeline
| Year/period | Type of event | Event | Present time geographical location |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5th century BC | Scientific development | Diphtheria is first described by Greek physician Hippocrates.[2] | Greece |
| 1600s | Scientific development | Medical reports of a "deadly" strangulation disease first appear early in the century, and emerges as a greater threat with the growth.[1] | |
| 1884 | Scientific development | German bacteriologist Friedrich Loeffler first grows diphtheria bacterium corynebacterium diphtheriae in pure culture.[3] | Germany |
| 1921 | Report | 206,000 cases of diphtheria and 15,520 deaths are recorded in the United States.[4] | United States |
| 1923 | Medical development | Diphtheria toxoid is licensed; prepared from inactivated bacterial toxin that has lost its toxicity but retains its antitoxin producing properties.[5] | |
| 1924 | Scientific development | French biologist Gaston Ramon, working at Pasteur Institute, discoveres diphtheria and tetanus toxoid, then referred to as anatoxins.[6] | France |
| 1947 | Medical development | Combination diphtheria and tetanus toxoids for pediatric use is first licensed in the United States.[5] | United States |
| 1953 | Medical development | Tetanus and diphtheria toxoids (adult formulation) are first licensed in the United States, after the concentration of diphtheria toxoid is reduced.[5] | United States |
| 1974 | Epidemic | Diphtheria epidemic breaks out in Lisbon. 500 persons are involved, and about 40 deaths are recorded.[3] | Portugal |
| 1982 | Epidemic | 5 deaths are recorded in Germany during a diphtheria outbreak.[3] | Germany |
| 1996 | Medical development | Lederle Laboratories licenses diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine Acel-Imune, for use as the first through fifth doses in the series.[5] | |
| 1997 | Medical development | British pharmaceutical company SmithKline Beecham licenses Infanrix (diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine adsorbed), for the first four doses of the series.[5] | |
| 1998 | Medical development | North American Vaccine Inc licenses Certiva (diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine adsorbed), for boosting immunization of infants and children.[5] | |
| 1999 | Medical development | Connaught Laboratories licenses diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine Tripedia.[5] | |
| 2002 | Medical development | British pharmaceutical GlaxoSmithKline licenses Pediarix, a vaccine combining diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, inactivated polio, and hepatitis B antigens.[5] | |
| 2002 | Medical development | Aventis Pasteur licenses diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine Daptacel.[5] | |
| 2004 | Medical development | Aventis Pasteur licenses vaccine Decavac, indicated for active immunization against tetanus and diphtheria.[5][7] | |
| 2005 | Medical development | Sanofi Pasteur licenses Menactra, the first meningococcal polysaccharide (Serogroups A, C, Y and W-135) diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccine. This would be the first immunogenic meningococcal vaccine indicated for children younger than 2 years of age.[5] | |
| 2007 | Report | 4,190 cases of diphtheria are reported globally.[4] | |
| 2011 | Medical development | United States Food and Drug Administration approves Boostrix (developed by GlaxoSmithKline) to prevent tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis in older people.[5] | United States |
See also
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "The strangler". museumofhealthcare.ca. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
- ↑ "Diphtheria". medscape.com. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 KWANTES, W. "Diphtheria in Europe" (PDF). nih.gov. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Diphtheria: The Plague Among Children". historyofvaccines.org. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
- ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 "Vaccine Timeline". immunize.org. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
- ↑ Medical Sciences - Volume I (B.P. Mansourian, S.M. Mahfouz, A. Wojtezak ed.). Retrieved 9 May 2017.
- ↑ "HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION" (PDF). vaccineshoppe.com. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
