Difference between revisions of "Timeline of sanitation"
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| 1890 || || The first sewage treatment plant in the United States using [[w:Precipitation (chemistry)|chemical precipitation]] is built in {{w|Worcester, Massachusetts}}.<ref name="Metcalf 19142">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g5cJAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q=&f=false|title=American Sewerage Practice|last2=Eddy|first2=Harrison P.|publisher=McGraw-Hill|year=1914|isbn=|location=New York|page=|pages=|last1=Metcalf|first1=Leonard|authorlink=|accessdate=}} Vol. I: Design of Sewers.</ref>{{rp|2}}<ref name="Burian2">{{cite journal|last=Burian|first=Steven J.|last2=Nix|first2=Stephan J.|last3=Pitt|first3=Robert E.|last4=Durrans|first4=S. Rocky|year=2000|title=Urban Wastewater Management in the United States: Past, Present, and Future|url=http://www.sewerhistory.org/articles/whregion/urban_wwm_mgmt/urban_wwm_mgmt.pdf|journal=Journal of Urban Technology|location=London|publisher=Routledge|volume=7|issue=3|doi=10.1080/713684134}}</ref> || {{w|United States}} | | 1890 || || The first sewage treatment plant in the United States using [[w:Precipitation (chemistry)|chemical precipitation]] is built in {{w|Worcester, Massachusetts}}.<ref name="Metcalf 19142">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g5cJAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q=&f=false|title=American Sewerage Practice|last2=Eddy|first2=Harrison P.|publisher=McGraw-Hill|year=1914|isbn=|location=New York|page=|pages=|last1=Metcalf|first1=Leonard|authorlink=|accessdate=}} Vol. I: Design of Sewers.</ref>{{rp|2}}<ref name="Burian2">{{cite journal|last=Burian|first=Steven J.|last2=Nix|first2=Stephan J.|last3=Pitt|first3=Robert E.|last4=Durrans|first4=S. Rocky|year=2000|title=Urban Wastewater Management in the United States: Past, Present, and Future|url=http://www.sewerhistory.org/articles/whregion/urban_wwm_mgmt/urban_wwm_mgmt.pdf|journal=Journal of Urban Technology|location=London|publisher=Routledge|volume=7|issue=3|doi=10.1080/713684134}}</ref> || {{w|United States}} | ||
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| + | | 1960s || || "1960s: Garbage compactors. The first patents for residential garbage compactors were filed in the USA."<ref name="SNAPSHOTS OF PUBLIC SANITATION"/> || {{w|United States}} | ||
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Revision as of 15:43, 3 August 2017
This is a timeline of sanitation.
Big picture
| Time period | Development summary | More details |
|---|---|---|
| The Indus Valley Civilization shows early evidence of public water supply and sanitation. | ||
| 1800s | Victorian England implements the first–ever comprehensive urban system between 1870s and 1920s as a reaction to a series of cholera pandemics during this epoch.[1] "1800s-1900s: Sewer systems were constructed in many European and US cities, initially discharging untreated sewage to waterways. When discharge of untreated sewerage became increasingly unacceptable, experimentation towards improved treatment methods resulted in sewage farming, chemical precipitation, filtration, sedimentation, chemical treatment, and activated sludge treatment using aerobic microorganisms."[2] |
Full timeline
| Year | Event type | Details | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2350 BC | The Indus city of Lothal provides all houses with their own private toilet which is connected to a covered sewer network constructed of brickwork held together with a gypsum-based mortar that empties either into the surrounding water bodies or alternatively into cesspits, the latter of which are regularly emptied and cleaned.[3][4] | India | |
| 2000 BC | Descriptions of of foul water purification by boiling and filtering are written in Sanskrit.[2] | ||
| 460 BC–377 BC | “Hygiene” becomes known as the branch of medicine dedicated to the "art of health," (as distinct from therapeutics, the treatment of disease).[2] | ||
| 300 BC-400 AD | Romans build a system of aqueducts providing inhabitants with fresh running water, which is piped directly to homes of the wealthy, and to public fountains and baths. This system greatly improves domestic sanitation and adequate disposal of sewage.[2] | ||
| 200 Bc–100 BC | "200-100 BC: "It is more important to prevent illness than to cure the illness when it has arisen" - from The Yellow Emperor’s Treatise on Internal Medicine (Ancient China). Clean water was known to be important in disease prevention so wells were covered, devices were used to filter water and the Chhii Shih (“sanitary police”) removed all animal and human corpses from waterways and buried all bodies found on land."[2] | China | |
| 1600s–1700s | Japanese cities collect human waste for use as crop fertilizer. This practice minimizes human contact with waste. Sewage is not discharged to rivers so pollution of waterways is minimized.[2] | Japan | |
| 1854 | "1854: Dr John Snow showed that cholera was spread by water."[2] | United Kingdom | |
| 1860 | "1860: The first septic tank was invented by Louis Moureas and used by communities to remove solids from waste before the liquid was discharged into a body of water. This design was improved by use of trickling sand filtration from 1893."[2] | ||
| 1890 | The first sewage treatment plant in the United States using chemical precipitation is built in Worcester, Massachusetts.[5]:2[6] | United States | |
| 1960s | "1960s: Garbage compactors. The first patents for residential garbage compactors were filed in the USA."[2] | United States |
See also
References
- ↑ "Water History for our times" (PDF). unesco.org. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 "SNAPSHOTS OF PUBLIC SANITATION". hygieneforhealth.org.au. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
- ↑ Khan, Saifullah. "1 Chapter 2 Sanitation and wastewater technologies in Harappa/Indus valley civilization ( ca . 2600-1900 BC)". Academia.edu. Academia.edu. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
- ↑ "Maya plumbing: First pressurized water feature found in New World". Penn State. May 5, 2010. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
- ↑ Metcalf, Leonard; Eddy, Harrison P. (1914). American Sewerage Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill. Vol. I: Design of Sewers.
- ↑ Burian, Steven J.; Nix, Stephan J.; Pitt, Robert E.; Durrans, S. Rocky (2000). "Urban Wastewater Management in the United States: Past, Present, and Future" (PDF). Journal of Urban Technology. London: Routledge. 7 (3). doi:10.1080/713684134.
