Difference between revisions of "Timeline of antibiotics"
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| 1945 || || The {{w|cephalosporins}} are discovered from a fungus, ''{{w|Cephalosporium acremonium}}'', in seawater samples near a sewage outfall in {{w|Sardinia}}.<ref name="Oxford Handbook of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology"/><ref>{{cite book|last1=Stephanie Watts|last2=Faingold|first2=Carl|last3=Dunaway|first3=George|last4=Crespo|first4=Lynn|title=Brody's Human Pharmacology - E-Book|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=kfsrz_-OrMQC&pg=PA536&dq=%22in+1945%22+%22cephalosporins%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjjl-6iooPaAhVFoFMKHRjiAWoQ6AEILDAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201945%22%20%22cephalosporins%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Riviere|first1=Jim E.|last2=Papich|first2=Mark G.|title=Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=ievLulSqwBAC&pg=PA865&dq=%22in+1945%22+%22cephalosporins%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjjl-6iooPaAhVFoFMKHRjiAWoQ6AEINDAC#v=onepage&q=%22in%201945%22%20%22cephalosporins%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Bennett|first1=Peter N.|last2=Brown|first2=Morris J.|title=Clinical Pharmacology E-Book: With STUDENTCONSULT Access|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=FaXRAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA193&dq=%22in+1945%22+%22cephalosporins%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjjl-6iooPaAhVFoFMKHRjiAWoQ6AEIODAD#v=onepage&q=%22in%201945%22%20%22cephalosporins%22&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|Italy}} | | 1945 || || The {{w|cephalosporins}} are discovered from a fungus, ''{{w|Cephalosporium acremonium}}'', in seawater samples near a sewage outfall in {{w|Sardinia}}.<ref name="Oxford Handbook of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology"/><ref>{{cite book|last1=Stephanie Watts|last2=Faingold|first2=Carl|last3=Dunaway|first3=George|last4=Crespo|first4=Lynn|title=Brody's Human Pharmacology - E-Book|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=kfsrz_-OrMQC&pg=PA536&dq=%22in+1945%22+%22cephalosporins%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjjl-6iooPaAhVFoFMKHRjiAWoQ6AEILDAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201945%22%20%22cephalosporins%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Riviere|first1=Jim E.|last2=Papich|first2=Mark G.|title=Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=ievLulSqwBAC&pg=PA865&dq=%22in+1945%22+%22cephalosporins%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjjl-6iooPaAhVFoFMKHRjiAWoQ6AEINDAC#v=onepage&q=%22in%201945%22%20%22cephalosporins%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Bennett|first1=Peter N.|last2=Brown|first2=Morris J.|title=Clinical Pharmacology E-Book: With STUDENTCONSULT Access|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=FaXRAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA193&dq=%22in+1945%22+%22cephalosporins%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjjl-6iooPaAhVFoFMKHRjiAWoQ6AEIODAD#v=onepage&q=%22in%201945%22%20%22cephalosporins%22&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|Italy}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 1947 || || {{w|Chloramphenicol}} is isolated from the soil organism {{w|Streptomyces venezuelae}}. Merketed in 1949, its use would quickly become widespread due to its broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kacew|first1=Sam|title=Drug Toxicity and Metabolism in Pediatrics|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=UrtHDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT262&dq=%22in+1947%22+%22chloramphenicol%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiepeLgo4PaAhUFsFMKHc4IAAUQ6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201947%22%20%22chloramphenicol%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Riviere|first1=Jim E.|last2=Papich|first2=Mark G.|title=Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=ievLulSqwBAC&pg=PA946&dq=%22in+1947%22+%22chloramphenicol%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiepeLgo4PaAhUFsFMKHc4IAAUQ6AEINDAC#v=onepage&q=%22in%201947%22%20%22chloramphenicol%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Shapiro|first1=Stuart|title=Regulation of Secondary Metabolism in Actinomycetes|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=pfZoaHwA1j0C&pg=PA167&dq=%22in+1947%22+%22chloramphenicol%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiepeLgo4PaAhUFsFMKHc4IAAUQ6AEIODAD#v=onepage&q=%22in%201947%22%20%22chloramphenicol%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Aschenbrenner|first1=Diane S.|last2=Venable|first2=Samantha J.|title=Drug Therapy in Nursing|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=5zd_W_PUwvYC&pg=PA800&dq=%22in+1947%22+%22chloramphenicol%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiepeLgo4PaAhUFsFMKHc4IAAUQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%22in%201947%22%20%22chloramphenicol%22&f=false}}</ref> || | + | | 1947 || || {{w|Chloramphenicol}} is isolated from the soil organism ''{{w|Streptomyces venezuelae}}''. Merketed in 1949, its use would quickly become widespread due to its broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kacew|first1=Sam|title=Drug Toxicity and Metabolism in Pediatrics|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=UrtHDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT262&dq=%22in+1947%22+%22chloramphenicol%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiepeLgo4PaAhUFsFMKHc4IAAUQ6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201947%22%20%22chloramphenicol%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Riviere|first1=Jim E.|last2=Papich|first2=Mark G.|title=Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=ievLulSqwBAC&pg=PA946&dq=%22in+1947%22+%22chloramphenicol%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiepeLgo4PaAhUFsFMKHc4IAAUQ6AEINDAC#v=onepage&q=%22in%201947%22%20%22chloramphenicol%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Shapiro|first1=Stuart|title=Regulation of Secondary Metabolism in Actinomycetes|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=pfZoaHwA1j0C&pg=PA167&dq=%22in+1947%22+%22chloramphenicol%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiepeLgo4PaAhUFsFMKHc4IAAUQ6AEIODAD#v=onepage&q=%22in%201947%22%20%22chloramphenicol%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Aschenbrenner|first1=Diane S.|last2=Venable|first2=Samantha J.|title=Drug Therapy in Nursing|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=5zd_W_PUwvYC&pg=PA800&dq=%22in+1947%22+%22chloramphenicol%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiepeLgo4PaAhUFsFMKHc4IAAUQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%22in%201947%22%20%22chloramphenicol%22&f=false}}</ref> || |
|- | |- | ||
| 1947 || || Antibiotic {{w|chlortetracycline}} is discovered.<ref name="Oxford Handbook of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology"/> || | | 1947 || || Antibiotic {{w|chlortetracycline}} is discovered.<ref name="Oxford Handbook of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology"/> || | ||
Revision as of 12:33, 23 March 2018
This is a timeline of FIXME.
Contents
Big picture
| Time period | Development summary | More details |
|---|
Full timeline
| Year | Event type | Details | Geographical location |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1932 | German pathologist Gerhard Domagk develops prontosil, the first sulphonamide microbial.[1][2][3] | Germany | |
| 1942 | Penicillin is introduced.[3] | ||
| 1943 | Streptomycin is introduced. It is the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis.[4][5][6][3] | ||
| 1945 | The cephalosporins are discovered from a fungus, Cephalosporium acremonium, in seawater samples near a sewage outfall in Sardinia.[3][7][8][9] | Italy | |
| 1947 | Chloramphenicol is isolated from the soil organism Streptomyces venezuelae. Merketed in 1949, its use would quickly become widespread due to its broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity.[10][11][12][13] | ||
| 1947 | Antibiotic chlortetracycline is discovered.[3] | ||
| 1949 | Antibiotic neomycin is discovered.[3] | ||
| 1952 | Antibiotic erythromycin is discovered.[3] | ||
| 1956 | Antibiotic vancomycin is introduced into clinical use.[3][14] | ||
| 1960 | Antibiotic flucloxacillin is introduced.[3] | ||
| 1961 | Antibiotic ampicillin is introduced.[3] | ||
| 1963 | Antibiotic gentamicin is discovered.[3] | ||
| 1964 | Antibiotic cephalosporins is introduced.[3] | ||
| 1964 | Antibiotic vancomycin is introduced.[3] | ||
| 1966 | Antibiotic doxycycline is introduced.[3] | ||
| 1971 | Antibiotic rifampicin is introduced.[3] | ||
| 1974 | Antibiotic co-trimoxazole is introduced.[3] | ||
| 1976 | Antibiotic amikacin is introduced.[3] | ||
| 1984 | Antibiotic ampicillin/clavulanate is introduced.[3] | ||
| 1987 | Antibiotic imipenem/cilastin is introduced.[3] | ||
| 1987 | Antibiotic ciprofloxacin is introduced.[3] | ||
| 1993 | Antibiotics azithromycin and clarithromycin are introduced.[3] | ||
| 1999 | Antibiotic quinupristin/dalfopristin is introduced.[3] | ||
| 2000 | Antibiotic linezolid is introduced.[3] | ||
| 2003 | Antibiotic daptomycin is introduced.[3] | ||
| 2004 | Antibiotic telithromycin is introduced.[3] | ||
| 2005 | Antibiotic tigecycline is introduced.[3] |
Meta information on the timeline
How the timeline was built
The initial version of the timeline was written by FIXME.
Funding information for this timeline is available.
Feedback and comments
Feedback for the timeline can be provided at the following places:
- FIXME
What the timeline is still missing
Timeline update strategy
See also
External links
References
- ↑ Ravina, Enrique. The Evolution of Drug Discovery: From Traditional Medicines to Modern Drugs.
- ↑ Savona-Ventura, Charles. Contemporary Medicine in Malta [1798-1979].
- ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 3.20 3.21 3.22 3.23 3.24 3.25 Torok, Estee; Moran, Ed; Cooke, Fiona. Oxford Handbook of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology.
- ↑ Lorian, Victor. Antibiotics in Laboratory Medicine.
- ↑ Morabia, Alfredo. Enigmas of Health and Disease: How Epidemiology Helps Unravel Scientific Mysteries.
- ↑ Cumo, Christopher Martin. The Ongoing Columbian Exchange: Stories of Biological and Economic Transfer in World History: Stories of Biological and Economic Transfer in World History.
- ↑ Stephanie Watts; Faingold, Carl; Dunaway, George; Crespo, Lynn. Brody's Human Pharmacology - E-Book.
- ↑ Riviere, Jim E.; Papich, Mark G. Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics.
- ↑ Bennett, Peter N.; Brown, Morris J. Clinical Pharmacology E-Book: With STUDENTCONSULT Access.
- ↑ Kacew, Sam. Drug Toxicity and Metabolism in Pediatrics.
- ↑ Riviere, Jim E.; Papich, Mark G. Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics.
- ↑ Shapiro, Stuart. Regulation of Secondary Metabolism in Actinomycetes.
- ↑ Aschenbrenner, Diane S.; Venable, Samantha J. Drug Therapy in Nursing.
- ↑ Staphylococci in Human Disease (Kent B. Crossley, Kimberly K. Jefferson, Gordon L. Archer, Vance G. Fowler ed.).
