Difference between revisions of "Timeline of Cruelty Free International"

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! Time period !! Development summary   
 
! Time period !! Development summary   
 
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| 19th century || Experiments on animals becomes a major social justice issue in Europe and the United States.<ref name="Founded in 1898"/>
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| 19th century || Experiments on animals becomes a major social justice issue in Europe and the United States.<ref name="Founded in 1898"/> Cruelty Free International is founded at the end of the century as the ‘British Union’.
 
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|-
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| 20th century || By the turn of the century, CFI achieves widespread recognition as a professional pressure group with an established voice in the political arena, in both Britain and Europe.<ref name="Founded in 1898"/>
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| 20th century || By the turn of the century, the British Union achieves widespread recognition as a professional pressure group with an established voice in the political arena, in both Britain and Europe.<ref name="Founded in 1898"/> The organization is renamed the British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection (BUAV) in 1949.
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| 2012 < || {{w|Cruelty Free International}} years, after BUAV joins with the {{w|New England Anti-Vivisection Society}}.
 
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|}
 
|}
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== Visual data ==
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=== Google Trends ===
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The image below shows Google Trends data for Cruelty Free International (topic) from January 2004 to January 2021, when the screenshot was taken.
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<ref>{{cite web |title=Cruelty Free International |url=https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=all&q=%2Fm%2F02njm1 |website=trends.google.com |access-date=31 January 2021}}</ref>
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[[File:Crueltyfree wv.jpeg|thumb|center|600px]]
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=== Google Ngram Viewer ===
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The chart below shows Google Ngram Viewer data for Cruelty Free International from 2000 to 2019.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cruelty Free International |url=https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Cruelty+Free+International&year_start=2000&year_end=2019&corpus=26&smoothing=3&case_insensitive=true |website=books.google.com/ |access-date=15 January}}</ref>
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[[File:Crualty free ngram.jpeg|thumb|center|600px]]
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=== Wikipedia Views ===
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The chart below shows pageviews of the English Wikipedia article {{w| Cruelty Free International}} on desktop, mobile-web, desktop-spider, mobile-web-spider and mobile app, from July 2015 to December 2020.
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<ref>{{cite web |title=Wikipedia Views: results |url=https://wikipediaviews.org/displayviewsformultiplemonths.php?page=Cruelty+Free+International&allmonths=allmonths-api&language=en&drilldown=all |website=wikipediaviews.org |access-date=18 January 2021}}</ref>
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[[File:Cruelty Free International wv.jpeg|thumb|center|600px]]
  
 
==Full timeline==
 
==Full timeline==
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! Year !! Event type !! Details !! Location
 
! Year !! Event type !! Details !! Location
 
|-
 
|-
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| 1863 || || Irish philanthropist {{w|Frances Power Cobbe}} comes into contact with the suffering of animals in experiments when travelling around Europe. Cobbe begins to write articles and speak at public meetings advocating for an end to the suffering of animals in cruel experiments.<ref name="Founded in 1898"/> ||
+
| 1822 || Notable birth || Irish writer, social reformer, anti-vivisection activist, and leading women's suffrage campaigner {{w|Frances Power Cobbe}} is born.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gorham |first1=Deborah |title=The Victorian Girl and the Feminine Ideal |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=cMTiNlFYLncC&pg=PA33&dq=%22Frances+Power+Cobbe%22+%22in+1822%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjnhYa-3-_dAhVLlpAKHdjyAvYQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%22Frances%20Power%20Cobbe%22%20%22in%201822%22&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|Ireland}}
 +
|-
 +
| 1863 || Prelude || {{w|Frances Power Cobbe}} comes into contact with the suffering of animals in experiments when travelling around Europe. Cobbe begins to write articles and speak at public meetings advocating for an end to the suffering of animals in cruel experiments.<ref name="Founded in 1898"/> ||  
 +
|-
 +
| 1898 || Creation || CFI is founded as the ‘British Union’ in {{w|Bristol}} by Irish philanthropist {{w|Frances Power Cobbe}}.<ref name="Founded in 1898">{{cite web |title=Founded in 1898, Cruelty Free International is firmly rooted in the early social justice movement |url=https://www.crueltyfreeinternational.org/who-we-are/about-cruelty-free-international/our-history |website=crueltyfreeinternational.org |accessdate=29 August 2018}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}} 
 +
|-
 +
| 1904 || Notable death || {{w|Frances Power Cobbe}} dies of heart failure at the age of 81.<ref name="Founded in 1898"/> ||
 +
|-
 +
| 1940 || Growth || The British Union has at least 154 branches, including six in {{w|Australia}} and one in {{w|New Zealand}}.<ref name="Founded in 1898"/> ||
 +
|-
 +
| 1947 || Legal || All organizations campaigning to end animal experiments suffer a severe blow when the British courts rule that they could no longer have charitable status.<ref name="Founded in 1898"/> || {{w|United Kingodm}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1898 || || CFI is founded as the ‘British Union’ in {{w|Bristol}} by Irish philanthropist {{w|Frances Power Cobbe}}.<ref name="Founded in 1898">{{cite web |title=Founded in 1898, Cruelty Free International is firmly rooted in the early social justice movement |url=https://www.crueltyfreeinternational.org/who-we-are/about-cruelty-free-international/our-history |website=crueltyfreeinternational.org |accessdate=29 August 2018}}</ref>  ||
+
| 1949 || || The British Union is renamed the British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection (BUAV), to avoid confusion with similarly-named organizations.<ref name="Founded in 1898"/> || {{w|United Kingdom}}  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1904 || Notable death || Frances Power Cobbe dies of heart failure at the age of 81.<ref name="Founded in 1898"/> ||
+
| 1970 || Organization || The {{w|Dr. Hadwen Trust}} is founded by BUAV. It later becomes the leading non-animal medical research charity in the United Kingdom.<ref name="Founded in 1898"/><ref name="Animal Free Research UK">{{cite web |title=Animal Free Research UK |url=https://www.animalfreeresearchuk.org/our-history/ |website=animalfreeresearchuk.org |accessdate=27 September 2018}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}} 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1940 || || The British Union has at least 154 branches, including six in {{w|Australia}} and one in {{w|New Zealand}}.<ref name="Founded in 1898"/> ||
+
| 1980 || Organization || {{w|Dr. Hadwen Trust}} splits from the BUAV and becomes a charity in its own right.<ref name="Animal Free Research UK"/> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1947 || || All organizations campaigning to end animal experiments suffer a severe blow when the British courts rule that they could no longer have charitable status.<ref name="Founded in 1898"/> ||
+
| 1981 – 1984 || || BUAV donates part of its offices rent-free to the {{w|Animal Liberation Front}} Supporters Group (ALF SG).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Best |first1=Steven |last2=Nocella |first2=Anthony J. |title=Terrorists or Freedom Fighters |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=ShwI6heVBT4C&pg=PT139&lpg=PT139&dq=%22buav%22+%22in+1900..2000%22&source=bl&ots=RxSgs8vwXs&sig=WJ81Y33VPWK4r83xFHuHq2hLHds&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiV1pzkzu_dAhVDD5AKHYYyDs8Q6AEwAHoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22buav%22%20%22in%201900..2000%22&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1949 || || The British Union is renamed the British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection (BUAV), to avoid confusion with similarly-named organizations.<ref name="Founded in 1898"/> ||
+
| 1989 || Partnership || In partnership with BUAV, international beauty brand {{w|The Body Shop}} becomes the first to campaign against animal testing.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Body Shop Needs Your Help To Stop Animal Testing — Today |url=https://www.refinery29.com/2017/05/157005/the-body-shop-petition-ban-animal-testing |website=refinery29.com |accessdate=30 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=FOREVER AGAINST ANIMAL TESTING |url=https://www.thebodyshop.com/about-us/against-animal-testing |website=thebodyshop.com |accessdate=27 September 2018}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1970 || || The Dr Hadwen Trust is founded by the union. It would become the leading non-animal medical research charity in the United Kingdom.<ref name="Founded in 1898"/> ||
+
| 1991 || Investigation || BUAV launches the first ever in-depth investigation of the trade in monkeys for research, revealing the cruelties inherent in the trade in wild animals. This would result in country trade restrictions and government bans on the use of monkeys taken from the wild.<ref name="Our achievements">{{cite web |title=Our achievements |url=https://www.crueltyfreeinternational.org/who-we-are/about-cruelty-free-international/our-achievements |website=crueltyfreeinternational.org |accessdate=29 August 2018}}</ref> ||  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1989 || || In partnership with BUAV, international beauty brand {{w|The Body Shop}} becomes the first to campaign against animal testing.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Body Shop Needs Your Help To Stop Animal Testing — Today |url=https://www.refinery29.com/2017/05/157005/the-body-shop-petition-ban-animal-testing |website=refinery29.com |accessdate=30 August 2018}}</ref> ||
+
| 1996 || Program || BUAV launches the Leaping Bunny program, an internationally recognized no animal testing certification for cosmetics, personal care and household products. Symbolized by the Leaping Bunny logo, the program aims to turn shopping malls cruelty free with the certification of leading household names gaining Leaping Bunny certification.<ref name="Our achievements"/><ref>{{cite web |title=THE COALITION FOR CONSUMER INFORMATION ON COSMETICS’ LEAPING BUNNY MARKS 15 CRUELTY-FREE YEARS FOR COSMETIC, PERSONAL CARE, AND HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTS |url=http://aavs.org/news/coalition-consumer-information-cosmetics-leaping-bunny-marks-15-cruelty-free-years-cosmetic-personal-care-household-products/ |website=aavs.org |accessdate=26 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=DERMALOGICA REMOVED FROM LEAPING BUNNY PROGRAM |url=https://www.leapingbunny.org/node/88 |website=leapingbunny.org |accessdate=26 September 2018}}</ref><ref name="Meet the Cruelty Free International team">{{cite web |title=Meet the Cruelty Free International team |url=https://www.crueltyfreeinternational.org/tags/about-us |website=crueltyfreeinternational.org |accessdate=27 September 2018}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1991 || || BUAV launches the first ever in-depth investigation of the trade in monkeys for research, revealing the cruelties inherent in the trade in wild animals. This would result in country trade restrictions and government bans on the use of monkeys taken from the wild.<ref name="Our achievements">{{cite web |title=Our achievements |url=https://www.crueltyfreeinternational.org/who-we-are/about-cruelty-free-international/our-achievements |website=crueltyfreeinternational.org |accessdate=29 August 2018}}</ref> ||
+
| 2001 || Legal || BUAV threatens the British {{w|Home Office}} with judicial review proceedings for not completely outlawing the use of mice in the production of monoclonal antibodies by the ascites method.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dolan |first1=Kevin |title=Laboratory Animal Law: Legal Control of the Use of Animals in Research |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=50t0fSCAkfMC&pg=PA118&lpg=PA118&dq=%22buav%22+%22in+1900..2000%22&source=bl&ots=YPLFTEdrRo&sig=uYUe-KC2Dbk1wUD6dzX1JDL_jNI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiV1pzkzu_dAhVDD5AKHYYyDs8Q6AEwAXoECAcQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22buav%22%20%22in%201900..2000%22&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1996 || || BUAV launches the Leaping Bunny program, an internationally recognized no animal testing certification for cosmetics, personal care and household products. Symbolized by the Leaping Bunny logo, the program aims to turn shopping malls cruelty free with the certification of leading household names gaining Leaping Bunny certification.<ref name="Our achievements"/><ref>{{cite web |title=THE COALITION FOR CONSUMER INFORMATION ON COSMETICS’ LEAPING BUNNY MARKS 15 CRUELTY-FREE YEARS FOR COSMETIC, PERSONAL CARE, AND HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTS |url=http://aavs.org/news/coalition-consumer-information-cosmetics-leaping-bunny-marks-15-cruelty-free-years-cosmetic-personal-care-household-products/ |website=aavs.org |accessdate=26 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=DERMALOGICA REMOVED FROM LEAPING BUNNY PROGRAM |url=https://www.leapingbunny.org/node/88 |website=leapingbunny.org |accessdate=26 September 2018}}</ref><ref name="Meet the Cruelty Free International team">{{cite web |title=Meet the Cruelty Free International team |url=https://www.crueltyfreeinternational.org/tags/about-us |website=crueltyfreeinternational.org |accessdate=27 September 2018}}</ref> ||
+
| 2001 || Legal || BUAV achieves a ban on the use of controversial LD50 oral toxicity tests in the United Kingdom, in which animals can be force fed chemicals until 50% of them die.<ref name="Our achievements"/><ref name="Meet the Cruelty Free International team"/> || {{w|United Kingdom}}  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2001 || || BUAV achieves a ban on the use of controversial LD50 oral toxicity tests in the United Kingdom, in which animals can be force fed chemicals until 50% of them die.<ref name="Our achievements"/><ref name="Meet the Cruelty Free International team"/> ||
+
| 2002 || || BUAV manages to persuade members of the {{w|European Parliament}} that, contrary to the views of the {{w|European Commission}} and many menber states (including the {{w|United Kingdom}}), a ban on the import into the {{w|European Union}} of cosmetics tested on animals need not fall foul of free trade rules under the {{w|World Trade Organization}}.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Linzey |first1=Andrew |title=The Global Guide to Animal Protection |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=eXpdAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA233&lpg=PA233&dq=%22buav%22+%22in+2000..2018%22&source=bl&ots=YmIpYCzmVM&sig=pSrZzNlxVVcRp1bG9mUANLrs2r4&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwimron01O_dAhVFFZAKHf3cBl0Q6AEwAXoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22buav%22%20%22in%202000..2018%22&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|European Union}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2012 || || BUAV joins with the {{w|New England Anti-Vivisection Society}} to establish {{w|Cruelty Free International}}. ||
+
| 2012 || Organization || BUAV joins with the {{w|New England Anti-Vivisection Society}} to establish {{w|Cruelty Free International}}, an organization aimed at campaigning for an end to the testing of cosmetics on animals around the world.<ref name="Buav changes its name to Cruelty Free International">{{cite web |title=Buav changes its name to Cruelty Free International |url=https://www.thirdsector.co.uk/buav-changes-its-name-cruelty-free-international/communications/article/1349679 |website=thirdsector.co.uk |accessdate=27 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=e-Study Guide for: Consuming Choices: Ethics in a Global Consumer Age by David Schwartz, ISBN 9780742548138 |publisher=Cram101 Textbook Reviews |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=9BhPO59rFVYC&pg=PT69&lpg=PT69&dq=2012+BUAV+joins+with+the+New+England+Anti-Vivisection+Society&source=bl&ots=z3_ESkRJms&sig=dkS_QUpgaWbmmvs0aGH-YzUGZis&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjflaCj9NvdAhXCxpAKHdSjAHYQ6AEwBnoECAQQAQ#v=onepage&q=2012%20BUAV%20joins%20with%20the%20New%20England%20Anti-Vivisection%20Society&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}, {{w|United Kingdom}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2014 || || BUAV wins the prestigious Sustainability Pioneer category of the Sustainable Beauty Awards, for its work to ban cruel cosmetics in Europe. The award requires evidence of a positive social, economic and environmental impact and a significant contribution to sustainable development in the beauty industry.<ref name="Our achievements"/> ||
+
| 2014 || Recognition || BUAV wins the prestigious Sustainability Pioneer category of the Sustainable Beauty Awards, for its work to ban cruel cosmetics in Europe. The award requires evidence of a positive social, economic and environmental impact and a significant contribution to sustainable development in the beauty industry.<ref name="Our achievements"/> ||  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2014 || || BUAV welcomes in the United States the introduction of the Humane Cosmetics Act hosting the first congressional briefing on the bill. Lates, in June, the Humane Cosmetics Act returns with new bi-partisan leadership. The bill aims at phasing out animal testing for cosmetics in the United States within one year of enactment and prohibiting the sale of cosmetics tested on animals within three years of enactment.<ref name="The World Is Going Cruelty Free"/> ||
+
| 2014 (February) || || Cruelty Free International and The Body Shop Canada present the global pledge to Canadian politician {{w|Elizabeth May}}, Leader of the Green Party and launch a new petition with help from Elizabeth May to call on the {{w|House of Commons of Canada}} to establish a ban on animal testing for cosmetics.<ref>{{cite web |title=Actress Tricia Helfer Urges Canada to End Cosmetics Testing on Animals |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/monica-engebretson/actress-tricia-helfer-urg_b_5672402.html |website=huffingtonpost.ca |accessdate=5 October 2018}}</ref> || {{w|Canada}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2014 || || BUAV begins working in South Korea with Representative Jeong-Lim Moon, Assembly Members and the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) on a bill to phase out animal testing for cosmetics.<ref name="The World Is Going Cruelty Free"/> ||  
+
| 2014 || Legal || BUAV welcomes in the United States the introduction of the Humane Cosmetics Act hosting the first congressional briefing on the bill. Lates, in June, the Humane Cosmetics Act returns with new bi-partisan leadership. The bill aims at phasing out animal testing for cosmetics in the United States within one year of enactment and prohibiting the sale of cosmetics tested on animals within three years of enactment.<ref name="The World Is Going Cruelty Free"/> || {{w|United States}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2015 || || The British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection changes its name to Cruelty Free International.<ref name="Founded in 1898"/> ||
+
| 2014 || Collaboration || BUAV begins working in South Korea with Representative Jeong-Lim Moon, Assembly Members and the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) on a bill to phase out animal testing for cosmetics.<ref name="The World Is Going Cruelty Free"/> || {{w|South Korea}} 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2015 || || CFI provides guidance on a new bill introduced in Argentina intended to end the animal testing of cosmetics ingredients and prohibit the sale of new animal tested cosmetics in Argentina after a two year phase in.<ref name="The World Is Going Cruelty Free">{{cite web |title=The World Is Going Cruelty Free |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/monica-engebretson/the-world-is-going-cruelt_b_8933458.html |website=huffingtonpost.com |accessdate=29 August 2018}}</ref> ||
+
| 2015 || || BUAV changes its name to Cruelty Free International, a name already belonging to the organization since 2012.<ref name="Founded in 1898"/> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2015 || || CFI applauds the publication of a new cross-party Bill in the Russian parliament that would phase out all animal testing for cosmetics and their ingredients by 2020.<ref name="The World Is Going Cruelty Free"/> ||
+
| 2015 || Legal || CFI provides guidance on a new bill introduced in Argentina intended to end the animal testing of cosmetics ingredients and prohibit the sale of new animal tested cosmetics in Argentina after a two year phase in.<ref name="The World Is Going Cruelty Free">{{cite web |title=The World Is Going Cruelty Free |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/monica-engebretson/the-world-is-going-cruelt_b_8933458.html |website=huffingtonpost.com |accessdate=29 August 2018}}</ref> || {{w|Argentina}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2015 || || CFI is granted permission to take the Home Office to court. The group seeks to bring a judicial review against the government department for violating EU animal experiments regulations.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gallop |first1=Nick |title=AQA AS/A-level Politics Student Guide 2: Politics of the UK |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=7kRIDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT68&lpg=PT68&dq=%22Cruelty+Free+International%22+%22in+1880..1960%22&source=bl&ots=-Jpy3_8DhJ&sig=H60J2biWM6NO7QILjJRW5CR8c0I&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjG76ee_JLdAhXDFZAKHZ17DG4Q6AEwAnoECAAQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22Cruelty%20Free%20International%22%20%22in%201880..1960%22&f=false}}</ref> ||
+
| 2015 || Legal || CFI applauds the publication of a new cross-party Bill in the Russian parliament that would phase out all animal testing for cosmetics and their ingredients by 2020.<ref name="The World Is Going Cruelty Free"/> || {{w|Russia}}
 
|-
 
|-
 +
| 2015 || Legal || CFI is granted permission to take the British {{w|Home Office}} to court. The group seeks to bring a judicial review against the government department for violating {{w|EU}} animal experiments regulations.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gallop |first1=Nick |title=AQA AS/A-level Politics Student Guide 2: Politics of the UK |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=7kRIDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT68&lpg=PT68&dq=%22Cruelty+Free+International%22+%22in+1880..1960%22&source=bl&ots=-Jpy3_8DhJ&sig=H60J2biWM6NO7QILjJRW5CR8c0I&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjG76ee_JLdAhXDFZAKHZ17DG4Q6AEwAnoECAAQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22Cruelty%20Free%20International%22%20%22in%201880..1960%22&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
 
|}
 
|}
  
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===How the timeline was built===
 
===How the timeline was built===
  
−
The initial version of the timeline was written by [[User:Sebastian].
+
The initial version of the timeline was written by [[User:Sebastian]].
  
 
{{funding info}} is available.
 
{{funding info}} is available.

Latest revision as of 11:05, 31 January 2021

This is a timeline of Cruelty Free International, an animal protection and advocacy group that campaigns for the abolition of all animal experiments.

Big picture

Time period Development summary
19th century Experiments on animals becomes a major social justice issue in Europe and the United States.[1] Cruelty Free International is founded at the end of the century as the ‘British Union’.
20th century By the turn of the century, the British Union achieves widespread recognition as a professional pressure group with an established voice in the political arena, in both Britain and Europe.[1] The organization is renamed the British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection (BUAV) in 1949.
2012 < Cruelty Free International years, after BUAV joins with the New England Anti-Vivisection Society.

Visual data

Google Trends

The image below shows Google Trends data for Cruelty Free International (topic) from January 2004 to January 2021, when the screenshot was taken. [2]

Crueltyfree wv.jpeg

Google Ngram Viewer

The chart below shows Google Ngram Viewer data for Cruelty Free International from 2000 to 2019.[3]

Crualty free ngram.jpeg

Wikipedia Views

The chart below shows pageviews of the English Wikipedia article Cruelty Free International on desktop, mobile-web, desktop-spider, mobile-web-spider and mobile app, from July 2015 to December 2020. [4]

Cruelty Free International wv.jpeg

Full timeline

Year Event type Details Location
1822 Notable birth Irish writer, social reformer, anti-vivisection activist, and leading women's suffrage campaigner Frances Power Cobbe is born.[5] Ireland
1863 Prelude Frances Power Cobbe comes into contact with the suffering of animals in experiments when travelling around Europe. Cobbe begins to write articles and speak at public meetings advocating for an end to the suffering of animals in cruel experiments.[1]
1898 Creation CFI is founded as the ‘British Union’ in Bristol by Irish philanthropist Frances Power Cobbe.[1] United Kingdom
1904 Notable death Frances Power Cobbe dies of heart failure at the age of 81.[1]
1940 Growth The British Union has at least 154 branches, including six in Australia and one in New Zealand.[1]
1947 Legal All organizations campaigning to end animal experiments suffer a severe blow when the British courts rule that they could no longer have charitable status.[1] United Kingodm
1949 The British Union is renamed the British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection (BUAV), to avoid confusion with similarly-named organizations.[1] United Kingdom
1970 Organization The Dr. Hadwen Trust is founded by BUAV. It later becomes the leading non-animal medical research charity in the United Kingdom.[1][6] United Kingdom
1980 Organization Dr. Hadwen Trust splits from the BUAV and becomes a charity in its own right.[6] United Kingdom
1981 – 1984 BUAV donates part of its offices rent-free to the Animal Liberation Front Supporters Group (ALF SG).[7] United Kingdom
1989 Partnership In partnership with BUAV, international beauty brand The Body Shop becomes the first to campaign against animal testing.[8][9] United Kingdom
1991 Investigation BUAV launches the first ever in-depth investigation of the trade in monkeys for research, revealing the cruelties inherent in the trade in wild animals. This would result in country trade restrictions and government bans on the use of monkeys taken from the wild.[10]
1996 Program BUAV launches the Leaping Bunny program, an internationally recognized no animal testing certification for cosmetics, personal care and household products. Symbolized by the Leaping Bunny logo, the program aims to turn shopping malls cruelty free with the certification of leading household names gaining Leaping Bunny certification.[10][11][12][13]
2001 Legal BUAV threatens the British Home Office with judicial review proceedings for not completely outlawing the use of mice in the production of monoclonal antibodies by the ascites method.[14] United Kingdom
2001 Legal BUAV achieves a ban on the use of controversial LD50 oral toxicity tests in the United Kingdom, in which animals can be force fed chemicals until 50% of them die.[10][13] United Kingdom
2002 BUAV manages to persuade members of the European Parliament that, contrary to the views of the European Commission and many menber states (including the United Kingdom), a ban on the import into the European Union of cosmetics tested on animals need not fall foul of free trade rules under the World Trade Organization.[15] European Union
2012 Organization BUAV joins with the New England Anti-Vivisection Society to establish Cruelty Free International, an organization aimed at campaigning for an end to the testing of cosmetics on animals around the world.[16][17] United States, United Kingdom
2014 Recognition BUAV wins the prestigious Sustainability Pioneer category of the Sustainable Beauty Awards, for its work to ban cruel cosmetics in Europe. The award requires evidence of a positive social, economic and environmental impact and a significant contribution to sustainable development in the beauty industry.[10]
2014 (February) Cruelty Free International and The Body Shop Canada present the global pledge to Canadian politician Elizabeth May, Leader of the Green Party and launch a new petition with help from Elizabeth May to call on the House of Commons of Canada to establish a ban on animal testing for cosmetics.[18] Canada
2014 Legal BUAV welcomes in the United States the introduction of the Humane Cosmetics Act hosting the first congressional briefing on the bill. Lates, in June, the Humane Cosmetics Act returns with new bi-partisan leadership. The bill aims at phasing out animal testing for cosmetics in the United States within one year of enactment and prohibiting the sale of cosmetics tested on animals within three years of enactment.[19] United States
2014 Collaboration BUAV begins working in South Korea with Representative Jeong-Lim Moon, Assembly Members and the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) on a bill to phase out animal testing for cosmetics.[19] South Korea
2015 BUAV changes its name to Cruelty Free International, a name already belonging to the organization since 2012.[1]
2015 Legal CFI provides guidance on a new bill introduced in Argentina intended to end the animal testing of cosmetics ingredients and prohibit the sale of new animal tested cosmetics in Argentina after a two year phase in.[19] Argentina
2015 Legal CFI applauds the publication of a new cross-party Bill in the Russian parliament that would phase out all animal testing for cosmetics and their ingredients by 2020.[19] Russia
2015 Legal CFI is granted permission to take the British Home Office to court. The group seeks to bring a judicial review against the government department for violating EU animal experiments regulations.[20] United Kingdom

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References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 "Founded in 1898, Cruelty Free International is firmly rooted in the early social justice movement". crueltyfreeinternational.org. Retrieved 29 August 2018. 
  2. ↑ "Cruelty Free International". trends.google.com. Retrieved 31 January 2021. 
  3. ↑ "Cruelty Free International". books.google.com/. Retrieved 15 January.  Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  4. ↑ "Wikipedia Views: results". wikipediaviews.org. Retrieved 18 January 2021. 
  5. ↑ Gorham, Deborah. The Victorian Girl and the Feminine Ideal. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Animal Free Research UK". animalfreeresearchuk.org. Retrieved 27 September 2018. 
  7. ↑ Best, Steven; Nocella, Anthony J. Terrorists or Freedom Fighters. 
  8. ↑ "The Body Shop Needs Your Help To Stop Animal Testing — Today". refinery29.com. Retrieved 30 August 2018. 
  9. ↑ "FOREVER AGAINST ANIMAL TESTING". thebodyshop.com. Retrieved 27 September 2018. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 "Our achievements". crueltyfreeinternational.org. Retrieved 29 August 2018. 
  11. ↑ "THE COALITION FOR CONSUMER INFORMATION ON COSMETICS' LEAPING BUNNY MARKS 15 CRUELTY-FREE YEARS FOR COSMETIC, PERSONAL CARE, AND HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTS". aavs.org. Retrieved 26 September 2018. 
  12. ↑ "DERMALOGICA REMOVED FROM LEAPING BUNNY PROGRAM". leapingbunny.org. Retrieved 26 September 2018. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 "Meet the Cruelty Free International team". crueltyfreeinternational.org. Retrieved 27 September 2018. 
  14. ↑ Dolan, Kevin. Laboratory Animal Law: Legal Control of the Use of Animals in Research. 
  15. ↑ Linzey, Andrew. The Global Guide to Animal Protection. 
  16. ↑ "Buav changes its name to Cruelty Free International". thirdsector.co.uk. Retrieved 27 September 2018. 
  17. ↑ e-Study Guide for: Consuming Choices: Ethics in a Global Consumer Age by David Schwartz, ISBN 9780742548138. Cram101 Textbook Reviews. 
  18. ↑ "Actress Tricia Helfer Urges Canada to End Cosmetics Testing on Animals". huffingtonpost.ca. Retrieved 5 October 2018. 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 "The World Is Going Cruelty Free". huffingtonpost.com. Retrieved 29 August 2018. 
  20. ↑ Gallop, Nick. AQA AS/A-level Politics Student Guide 2: Politics of the UK. 
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