Timeline of nuclear risk: Difference between revisions

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| 1945 (October 18) || Risk || Comprehensive || Nuclear weapon program || The French Atomic Energy Commission (Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique; CEA) is establishes by General {{w|Charles de Gaulle}} with the goal of exploiting the scientific, industrial, and military potential of atomic energy.<ref name="Nuclear weapon - France">{{cite web |title=Nuclear weapon - France, Deterrence, Testing {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/nuclear-weapon/France |website=www.britannica.com |access-date=15 November 2023 |language=en}}</ref> || {{w|France}}

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| 1946 (March) || Prevention || Intentional || Notable publication || The ''[[w:Acheson–Lilienthal Report|Report on the International Control of Atomic Energy]]'' (generally known as the Acheson–Lilienthal Report) is created during the early {{w|Cold War}}, proposing a plan to prevent a nuclear arms race by advocating the sharing of nuclear energy knowledge and implementing inspections for peaceful use. The report recommends international cooperation with an agency possessing affirmative powers and inspection capabilities. It also suggests a progressive disclosure of nuclear information. The report emphasizes the importance of maintaining U.S. security during international discussions and the gradual transfer of authority over nuclear-related activities. However, American statesman {{w|Bernard Baruch}}, an advisor of U.S. president [[w:Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt ]] during {{w|World War II}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Bernard Baruch {{!}} Biography, World War I, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Bernard-Baruch |website=www.britannica.com |access-date=20 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref> , later modifies the plan as the {{w|Baruch Plan}}, which would be rejected by the {{w|Soviet Union}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Milestones: 1945–1952 - Office of the Historian |url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1945-1952/baruch-plans |website=history.state.gov |access-date=2 September 2023}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}, {{w|Soviet Union}}

| 1946 (March) || Prevention || Intentional || Notable publication || The ''[[w:Acheson–Lilienthal Report|Report on the International Control of Atomic Energy]]'' (generally known as the Acheson–Lilienthal Report) is created during the early {{w|Cold War}}, proposing a plan to prevent a nuclear arms race by advocating the sharing of nuclear energy knowledge and implementing inspections for peaceful use. The report recommends international cooperation with an agency possessing affirmative powers and inspection capabilities. It also suggests a progressive disclosure of nuclear information. The report emphasizes the importance of maintaining U.S. security during international discussions and the gradual transfer of authority over nuclear-related activities. However, American statesman {{w|Bernard Baruch}}, an advisor of U.S. president [[w:Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt ]] during {{w|World War II}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Bernard Baruch {{!}} Biography, World War I, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Bernard-Baruch |website=www.britannica.com |access-date=20 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref> , later modifies the plan as what is called the {{w|Baruch Plan}}, which would be rejected by the {{w|Soviet Union}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Milestones: 1945–1952 - Office of the Historian |url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1945-1952/baruch-plans |website=history.state.gov |access-date=2 September 2023}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}, {{w|Soviet Union}}

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| 1946 (June) || Prevention || Intentional || {{w|Diplomacy}} || The United States government proposes the {{w|Baruch Plan}} to the {{w|United Nations Atomic Energy Commission}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Milestones: 1945–1952 - Office of the Historian |url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1945-1952/baruch-plans#:~:text=On%20June%2014%2C%201946%2C%20before,an%20international%20Atomic%20Development%20Authority. |website=history.state.gov |access-date=2 September 2023}}</ref> The plan aims to achieve global cooperation on nuclear control by decommissioning all US atomic weapons and sharing nuclear technology with other countries, on the condition that they pledge not to produce atomic weapons and accept strict inspections and sanctions. The plan also proposes creating an International Atomic Development Authority under the United Nations to control nuclear energy. However, the Soviet Union rejects the plan, fearing it would maintain the US nuclear monopoly, and the Cold War nuclear arms race ensues. The Baruch Plan would remain significant in discussions about international nuclear cooperation and arms control.<ref>{{cite web |last1=GERBER |first1=LARRY G. |title=The Baruch Plan and the Origins of the Cold War |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24911302 |website=Diplomatic History |access-date=23 September 2022 |pages=69–95 |date=1982}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}

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 | 1945 (October 18) || Risk || Comprehensive || Nuclear weapon program   || The French Atomic Energy Commission (Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique; CEA) is establishes by General {{w|Charles de Gaulle}} with the goal of exploiting the scientific, industrial, and military potential of atomic energy.<ref name="Nuclear weapon - France">{{cite web |title=Nuclear weapon - France, Deterrence, Testing {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/nuclear-weapon/France |website=www.britannica.com |access-date=15 November 2023 |language=en}}</ref> || {{w|France}}
 |-
-| 1946 (March) || Prevention  || Intentional || Notable publication || The ''[[w:Acheson–Lilienthal Report|Report on the International Control of Atomic Energy]]'' (generally known as the Acheson–Lilienthal Report) is created during the early {{w|Cold War}}, proposing a plan to prevent a nuclear arms race by advocating the sharing of nuclear energy knowledge and implementing inspections for peaceful use. The report recommends international cooperation with an agency possessing affirmative powers and inspection capabilities. It also suggests a progressive disclosure of nuclear information. The report emphasizes the importance of maintaining U.S. security during international discussions and the gradual transfer of authority over nuclear-related activities. However, American statesman {{w|Bernard Baruch}}, an advisor of U.S. president [[w:Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt ]] during {{w|World War II}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Bernard Baruch {{!}} Biography, World War I, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Bernard-Baruch |website=www.britannica.com |access-date=20 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref> , later modifies the plan as the {{w|Baruch Plan}}, which would be rejected by the {{w|Soviet Union}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Milestones: 1945–1952 - Office of the Historian |url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1945-1952/baruch-plans |website=history.state.gov |access-date=2 September 2023}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}, {{w|Soviet Union}}
+| 1946 (March) || Prevention  || Intentional || Notable publication || The ''[[w:Acheson–Lilienthal Report|Report on the International Control of Atomic Energy]]'' (generally known as the Acheson–Lilienthal Report) is created during the early {{w|Cold War}}, proposing a plan to prevent a nuclear arms race by advocating the sharing of nuclear energy knowledge and implementing inspections for peaceful use. The report recommends international cooperation with an agency possessing affirmative powers and inspection capabilities. It also suggests a progressive disclosure of nuclear information. The report emphasizes the importance of maintaining U.S. security during international discussions and the gradual transfer of authority over nuclear-related activities. However, American statesman {{w|Bernard Baruch}}, an advisor of U.S. president [[w:Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt ]] during {{w|World War II}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Bernard Baruch {{!}} Biography, World War I, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Bernard-Baruch |website=www.britannica.com |access-date=20 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref> , later modifies the plan as what is called the {{w|Baruch Plan}}, which would be rejected by the {{w|Soviet Union}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Milestones: 1945–1952 - Office of the Historian |url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1945-1952/baruch-plans |website=history.state.gov |access-date=2 September 2023}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}, {{w|Soviet Union}}
 |-
 | 1946 (June) || Prevention  || Intentional || {{w|Diplomacy}} || The United States government proposes the {{w|Baruch Plan}} to the {{w|United Nations Atomic Energy Commission}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Milestones: 1945–1952 - Office of the Historian |url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1945-1952/baruch-plans#:~:text=On%20June%2014%2C%201946%2C%20before,an%20international%20Atomic%20Development%20Authority. |website=history.state.gov |access-date=2 September 2023}}</ref> The plan aims to achieve global cooperation on nuclear control by decommissioning all US atomic weapons and sharing nuclear technology with other countries, on the condition that they pledge not to produce atomic weapons and accept strict inspections and sanctions. The plan also proposes creating an International Atomic Development Authority under the United Nations to control nuclear energy. However, the Soviet Union rejects the plan, fearing it would maintain the US nuclear monopoly, and the Cold War nuclear arms race ensues. The Baruch Plan would remain significant in discussions about international nuclear cooperation and arms control.<ref>{{cite web |last1=GERBER |first1=LARRY G. |title=The Baruch Plan and the Origins of the Cold War |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24911302 |website=Diplomatic History |access-date=23 September 2022 |pages=69–95 |date=1982}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}