Difference between revisions of "Timeline of universal healthcare"

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This is a '''timeline of {{w|universal healthcare}}'''.
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This is a '''timeline of {{w|universal healthcare}}''', focusing especially on first year implementation of universal healthcare policies in every adopting country.
  
 
==Big picture==
 
==Big picture==
  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
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! Time period !! Development summary !! More details
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! Time period !! Development summary  
 
|-
 
|-
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| 1800s || Several European countries begin implementing some form of social insurance that would eventually evolve into a national health insurance program.<ref name="Historical Foundation of Universal Healthcare"/> The first step is taken in {{w|Germany}}, when the government establishes The world's first national {{w|social health insurance}} system.
+
| 1800s || Several European countries begin implementing some form of social insurance that would eventually evolve into a national health insurance program.<ref name="Historical Foundation of Universal Healthcare">{{cite web|title=Historical Foundation of Universal Healthcare|url=http://oldsite.healthcarereformmagazine.com/article/historical-foundation-of-universal-healthcare.html|website=healthcarereformmagazine.com|accessdate=7 November 2017}}</ref> The first step is taken in {{w|Germany}}, when the government establishes The world's first national {{w|social health insurance}} system.
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 1912 < || Era of universal healthcare adoption as state policy, beginning in {{w|Norway}}.<ref name="UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE AND TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DIFFUSION PATTERNS"/>
 
| 1912 < || Era of universal healthcare adoption as state policy, beginning in {{w|Norway}}.<ref name="UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE AND TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DIFFUSION PATTERNS"/>
 
|-
 
|-
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| 1920s ||
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| Recent times || Currently, most developed countries and an increasing number of developing countries provide access to some type of universal healthcare.
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
 +
  
 
==Full timeline==
 
==Full timeline==
 +
 +
Brief explanation of healthcare system type:
 +
 +
* [[w:Single-payer healthcare|Single Payer]]: Insurance is provided for all residents (or citizens) by the government, which pays all health care expenses except for copays and coinsurance. Providers may be public, private, or a combination of both.<ref name='Universal Coverage Is Not "Single Payer" Healthcare'>{{cite web|title=Universal Coverage Is Not "Single Payer" Healthcare|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/danmunro/2013/12/08/universal-coverage-is-not-single-payer-healthcare/#4c26b1b936ee|website=forbes.com|accessdate=17 November 2017}}</ref>
 +
* [[w:Two-tier system|Two-Tier]]: Catastrophic or minimum insurance coverage is provided or mandated by the government for all residents (or citizens) while allowing the purchase of additional voluntary insurance or fee-for service care when desired.<ref name='Universal Coverage Is Not "Single Payer" Healthcare'/>
 +
* [[w:Health Insurance Mandate|Insurance Mandate]]: All citizens are mandated by the government to purchase insurance, whether from private, public, or non-profit insurers. In some cases the insurer list is quite restrictive, while in others a healthy private market for insurance is simply regulated and standardized by the government. In this kind of system insurers are barred from rejecting sick individuals and individuals are required to purchase insurance, in order to prevent typical health care market failures from arising.<ref name='Universal Coverage Is Not "Single Payer" Healthcare'/>
  
 
{| class="sortable wikitable"
 
{| class="sortable wikitable"
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! Year !! Event type !! System type (when aplicable) || Details || Country
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! Year !! Event type !! Details !!  Present time system type (when aplicable)!! Country
 
|-
 
|-
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| 1637 || || An early law that passes to provide medical services for disabled soldiers begins in [[w:Colonial history of the United States|colonia America]] with the pilgrims of {{w|Plymouth Colony}} in the war with {{w|Pequot}} Indians.<ref name="Historical Foundation of Universal Healthcare">{{cite web|title=Historical Foundation of Universal Healthcare|url=http://oldsite.healthcarereformmagazine.com/article/historical-foundation-of-universal-healthcare.html|website=healthcarereformmagazine.com|accessdate=7 November 2017}}</ref> || {{w|United States
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| 1883 || || The world's first national {{w|social health insurance}} system originates in {{w|Germany}} with {{w|Otto Von Bismarck}}'s Sickness Insurance Law, starting to implement compulsory sickness insurance program for workers.<ref name="Historical Foundation of Universal Healthcare"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Bismarck and Beyond: the Beginnings of Social Health Insurance in Germany|url=https://finngoldner.wordpress.com/2012/11/18/bismarck-and-beyond-the-beginnings-of-social-health-insurance-in-germany/|website=wordpress.com|accessdate=7 November 2017}}</ref><ref name="Leichter 1979">{{cite book|last=Leichter|first=Howard M.|year=1979|title=A comparative approach to policy analysis: health care policy in four nations|location=Cambridge|publisher= {{w|Cambridge University Press}}|page=<span class="plainlinks">[https://books.google.com/books?id=cfI6AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA121 121]</span>|isbn=0-521-22648-1|quote=The Sickness Insurance Law (1883). Eligibility. The Sickness Insurance Law came into effect in December 1884. It provided for compulsory participation by all industrial wage earners (i.e., manual laborers) in factories, ironworks, mines, shipbuilding yards, and similar workplaces.}}</ref><ref name="Hennock 2007">{{cite book|last=Hennock|first=Ernest Peter|year=2007|title=The origin of the welfare state in England and Germany, 1850–1914: social policies compared|location=Cambridge|publisher= {{w|Cambridge University Press}} |page=<span class="plainlinks">[https://books.google.com/books?id=6QysFcGNcBUC&pg=PA157 157]</span>|isbn=978-0-521-59212-3}}</ref> || || {{w|Germany}}
 
|-
 
|-
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| 1861 || || As the American civil war formally begins, the Sanitary Commission is founded as a partnership of relief organizations. It is based on lessons learned from the {{w|Crimean War}} with the purpose of promoting clean and healthy conditions in the {{w|Union Army}} camps and hospitals.<ref name="The history of healthcare quality: The first 100 years 1860–1960">{{cite web|last1=Sheingold|first1=Brenda Helen|last2=Hahn|first2=Joyce A.|title=The history of healthcare quality: The first 100 years 1860–1960|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214139114000043|website=sciencedirect.com|accessdate=16 November 2017}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
+
| 1891 || || Healthcare begins taking effect in Sweden as a form of labor subsidized mutual benefit.<ref name="Historical Foundation of Universal Healthcare"/> || || {{w|Sweden}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1883 || || The world's first national {{w|social health insurance}} system originates in {{w|Germany}} with {{w|Otto Von Bismarck}}'s Sickness Insurance Law, starting to implement compulsory sickness insurance program for workers.<ref name="Historical Foundation of Universal Healthcare"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Bismarck and Beyond: the Beginnings of Social Health Insurance in Germany|url=https://finngoldner.wordpress.com/2012/11/18/bismarck-and-beyond-the-beginnings-of-social-health-insurance-in-germany/|website=wordpress.com|accessdate=7 November 2017}}</ref><ref name="Leichter 1979">{{cite book|last=Leichter|first=Howard M.|year=1979|title=A comparative approach to policy analysis: health care policy in four nations|location=Cambridge|publisher= {{w|Cambridge University Press}}|page=<span class="plainlinks">[https://books.google.com/books?id=cfI6AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA121 121]</span>|isbn=0-521-22648-1|quote=The Sickness Insurance Law (1883). Eligibility. The Sickness Insurance Law came into effect in December 1884. It provided for compulsory participation by all industrial wage earners (i.e., manual laborers) in factories, ironworks, mines, shipbuilding yards, and similar workplaces.}}</ref><ref name="Hennock 2007">{{cite book|last=Hennock|first=Ernest Peter|year=2007|title=The origin of the welfare state in England and Germany, 1850–1914: social policies compared|location=Cambridge|publisher= {{w|Cambridge University Press}} |page=<span class="plainlinks">[https://books.google.com/books?id=6QysFcGNcBUC&pg=PA157 157]</span>|isbn=978-0-521-59212-3}}</ref> || {{w|Germany}}
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| 1892 || || Healthcare begins taking effect in Denmark.<ref name="Historical Foundation of Universal Healthcare"/> || || {{w|Denmark}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1891 || || Healthcare begins taking effect in Sweden as a form of labor subsidized mutual benefit.<ref name="Historical Foundation of Universal Healthcare"/> || {{w|Sweden}}
+
| 1910 || || Healthcare begins taking effect in France.<ref name="Historical Foundation of Universal Healthcare"/> || || {{w|France}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1892 || || Healthcare begins taking effect in Denmark.<ref name="Historical Foundation of Universal Healthcare"/> || {{w|Denmark}}
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| 1912 || || Healthcare begins taking effect in Switzerland.<ref name="Historical Foundation of Universal Healthcare"/> || ||{{w|Switzerland}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1910 || || Healthcare begins taking effect in France.<ref name="Historical Foundation of Universal Healthcare"/> || {{w|France}}
+
| 1912 || Policy || Norway becomes the first country to adopt a universal healthcare policy.<ref name="UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE AND TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DIFFUSION PATTERNS"/><ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || Single Payer<ref name='Universal Coverage Is Not "Single Payer" Healthcare'/> || {{w|Norway}}  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1912 || || Healthcare begins taking effect in Switzerland.<ref name="Historical Foundation of Universal Healthcare"/> || {{w|Switzerland}}
+
| 1938 || Policy || {{w|Japan}} achieves {{w|universal healthcare}}. The National Health Insurance act is enacted, widening the coverage of public health insurance not only to farmers, but also to the general public not covered by the Health Insurance Law.<ref name="Social Security in Japan 2014">{{cite web|title=Social Security in Japan 2014|url=http://www.ipss.go.jp/s-info/e/ssj2014/004.html|website=ipss.go.jp|accessdate=19 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || Single payer<ref name='Universal Coverage Is Not "Single Payer" Healthcare'/> || {{w|Japan}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1912 || Policy || Norway becomes the first country to adopt a universal healthcare policy.<ref name="UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE AND TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DIFFUSION PATTERNS"/><ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || {{w|Norway}}  
+
| 1938 || Policy || New Zealand establishes universal healthcare.<ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || Two Tier<ref name='Universal Coverage Is Not "Single Payer" Healthcare'/> || {{w|New Zealand}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1938 || Policy || {{w|Japan}} achieves {{w|universal healthcare}}. The National Health Insurance act is enacted, widening the coverage of public health insurance not only to farmers, but also to the general public not covered by the Health Insurance Law.<ref name="Social Security in Japan 2014">{{cite web|title=Social Security in Japan 2014|url=http://www.ipss.go.jp/s-info/e/ssj2014/004.html|website=ipss.go.jp|accessdate=19 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || {{w|Japan}}
+
| 1941 || Policy || The {{w|Third Reich}} institutes a universal healthcare system. Free for widows and orphans, the benefits are enjoyed only by "racial comrades".<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kitchen|first1=Martin|title=The Third Reich: Charisma and Community|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=X92sAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT170&lpg=PT170&dq=%22in+1941%22+%22germany%22+%22universal+healthcare%22&source=bl&ots=0r3ZxF4FCY&sig=WvH_80igrJNoIAWp7lIW4FNi-nU&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj5wfuM18bXAhWBDZAKHcIWAH8Q6AEINjAD#v=onepage&q=%22in%201941%22%20%22germany%22%20%22universal%20healthcare%22&f=false|accessdate=17 November 2017}}</ref><ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || Insurance Mandate<ref name='Universal Coverage Is Not "Single Payer" Healthcare'/> || {{w|Germany}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1938 || Policy || New Zealand establishes universal healthcare.<ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || {{w|New Zealand}}
+
| 1945 || Policy || Belgium adopts universal healthcare policy, after introducing compulsory insurance.<ref>{{cite book|title=Two Centuries of Solidarity: German, Belgian, and Dutch Social Health Care Insurance 1770-2008|edition=Karel-Peter Companje, Karel Veraghtert, Brigitte Widdershoven|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=64U_dlAI6g0C&pg=PA360&lpg=PA360&dq=%22in+1945%22+%22belgium%22+%22healthcare%22&source=bl&ots=bPBtYPJbDr&sig=84v7jGMKwTZXu8X-_Nc8zgxxGAc&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjsrJ29iMbXAhVBGJAKHWJ6ApQQ6AEIMTAC#v=onepage&q=%22in%201945%22%20%22belgium%22%20%22healthcare%22&f=false|accessdate=17 November 2017}}</ref><ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || Insurance Mandate<ref name='Universal Coverage Is Not "Single Payer" Healthcare'/> || {{w|Belgium}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1941 || Policy || Germany adopts universal healthcare policy.<ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || {{w|Germany}}
+
| 1945 || || United States President {{w|Harry S. Truman}} proposes a national health insurance program. The Congress would not approve it.<ref>{{cite web|title=69 years ago, a president pitches his idea for national health care|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/health/november-19-1945-harry-truman-calls-national-health-insurance-program|website=pbs.org|accessdate=16 November 2017}}</ref> || || {{w|United States}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1945 || Policy || Belgium adopts universal healthcare policy.<ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || {{w|Belgium}}
+
| 1948 (July 5) || || The {{w|National Health Service Act 1946}} is launched in England, creating the {{w|National Health Service}} (NHS) that would provide the majority of healthcare in the country.<ref>{{cite web|title=National Health Service Act 1946|url=http://navigator.health.org.uk/content/national-health-service-act-1946|website=health.org.uk|accessdate=7 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Pharmaceutical Pricing, Reimbursement, and Prescribing in the United Kingdom|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=rL4bShwrGaYC&pg=PA185&lpg=PA185&dq=%22in+1948%22+%22united+kingdom%22+%22universal+healthcare%22&source=bl&ots=coCxu4SPDG&sig=s1eo9ypptFtTfnOqN-_BmYyaR60&hl=es-419&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjsqujJ--HVAhWBFpAKHezICIcQ6AEILjAG#v=onepage&q=%22in%201948%22%20%22united%20kingdom%22%20%22universal%20healthcare%22&f=true|accessdate=7 November 2017}}</ref><ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || Single Payer<ref name='Universal Coverage Is Not "Single Payer" Healthcare'/> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1945 || || United States President {{w|Harry S. Truman}} proposes a national health insurance program. The Congress would not approve it.<ref>{{cite web|title=69 years ago, a president pitches his idea for national health care|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/health/november-19-1945-harry-truman-calls-national-health-insurance-program|website=pbs.org|accessdate=16 November 2017}}</ref>
+
| 1950 || Policy || Kuwait starts implementing free comprehensive healthcare to its citizens.<ref name="ENCYCLOPEDIA OF WOMEN AND ISLAMIC CULTURES">{{cite web|last1=Joseph|first1=Suad|title=ENCYCLOPEDIA OF WOMEN AND ISLAMIC CULTURES|url=http://sjoseph.ucdavis.edu/ewic-public-outreach-resources/ewic-outreach-resources/universal-healthcare-arab-gulf-countries|website=ucdavis.edu|accessdate=7 November 2017}}</ref><ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/><ref name="Where in the world can you get universal health care?"/> || Single Payer<ref name='Universal Coverage Is Not "Single Payer" Healthcare'/> || {{w|Kuwait}}
−
|| {{w|United States}}
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1948 (July 5) || || The {{w|National Health Service Act 1946}} is launched in England, creating the {{w|National Health Service}} (NHS) that would provide the majority of healthcare in the country.<ref>{{cite web|title=National Health Service Act 1946|url=http://navigator.health.org.uk/content/national-health-service-act-1946|website=health.org.uk|accessdate=7 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Pharmaceutical Pricing, Reimbursement, and Prescribing in the United Kingdom|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=rL4bShwrGaYC&pg=PA185&lpg=PA185&dq=%22in+1948%22+%22united+kingdom%22+%22universal+healthcare%22&source=bl&ots=coCxu4SPDG&sig=s1eo9ypptFtTfnOqN-_BmYyaR60&hl=es-419&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjsqujJ--HVAhWBFpAKHezICIcQ6AEILjAG#v=onepage&q=%22in%201948%22%20%22united%20kingdom%22%20%22universal%20healthcare%22&f=true|accessdate=7 November 2017}}</ref><ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
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| 1954 || Policy || The government of {{w|North Vietnam}} establishes universal healthcare.<ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/><ref name="HEALTH CARE IN VIETNAM"/> || || {{w|Vietnam}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1950 || || Kuwait starts implementing free comprehensive healthcare to its citizens.<ref name="ENCYCLOPEDIA OF WOMEN AND ISLAMIC CULTURES">{{cite web|last1=Joseph|first1=Suad|title=ENCYCLOPEDIA OF WOMEN AND ISLAMIC CULTURES|url=http://sjoseph.ucdavis.edu/ewic-public-outreach-resources/ewic-outreach-resources/universal-healthcare-arab-gulf-countries|website=ucdavis.edu|accessdate=7 November 2017}}</ref><ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/><ref name="Where in the world can you get universal health care?"/> || {{w|Kuwait}}
+
| 1955 || Policy || Sweden implements a universal healthcare system, nine year after the legislation was passed in 1946.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Shafrin|first1=Jason|title=The Development of Universal Health Care in Sweden|url=http://healthcare-economist.com/2011/12/06/the-development-of-universal-health-care-in-sweden/|website=healthcare-economist.com|accessdate=17 November 2017}}</ref><ref name="UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE AND TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DIFFUSION PATTERNS"/><ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || Single Payer<ref name='Universal Coverage Is Not "Single Payer" Healthcare'/> || {{w|Sweden}}  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1954 || || Vietnam establishes universal healthcare.<ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || {{w|Vietnam}}
+
| 1955 || Policy || North Korea establishes universal healthcare.<ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || || {{w|North Korea}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1955 || Policy || Sweden adopts universal healthcare policy.<ref name="UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE AND TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DIFFUSION PATTERNS"/><ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || {{w|Sweden}}  
+
| 1957 || Policy || Bahrain adopts universal healthcare policy.<ref name="UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE AND TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DIFFUSION PATTERNS"/><ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || Single Payer<ref name='Universal Coverage Is Not "Single Payer" Healthcare'/> || {{w|Bahrain}}  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1955 || || North Korea establishes universal healthcare.<ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || {{w|North Korea}}
+
| 1958 || Policy || Brunei achieves universal healthcare policy.<ref name="UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE AND TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DIFFUSION PATTERNS">{{cite web|title=UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE AND TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DIFFUSION PATTERNS|url=http://essay.utwente.nl/61439/1/BSc_C_de_Jong.pdf|website=utwente.nl|accessdate=7 November 2017}}</ref><ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || Single Payer<ref name='Universal Coverage Is Not "Single Payer" Healthcare'/> || {{w|Brunei}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1957 || Policy || Bahrain adopts universal healthcare policy.<ref name="UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE AND TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DIFFUSION PATTERNS"/><ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || {{w|Bahrain}}  
+
| 1966 || Policy || Andorra adopts universal healthcare.<ref name="UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE AND TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DIFFUSION PATTERNS"/> || || {{w|Andorra}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1958 || Policy || Brunei achieves universal healthcare policy.<ref name="UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE AND TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DIFFUSION PATTERNS">{{cite web|title=UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE AND TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DIFFUSION PATTERNS|url=http://essay.utwente.nl/61439/1/BSc_C_de_Jong.pdf|website=utwente.nl|accessdate=7 November 2017}}</ref><ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || {{w|Brunei}}
+
| 1966 || Policy || {{w|Universal healthcare}} is achieved in {{w|Canada}}, after the [[w:Parliament of Canada|Parliament]] approves a publicly-funded healthcare system under the principle that access to healthcare shouldn’t depend on location, income, or wealth.<ref>{{cite web|title=Give Canada Universal Drug Coverage!|url=https://www.change.org/p/government-of-canada-give-canada-universal-drug-coverage|website=change.org|accessdate=19 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE AND TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DIFFUSION PATTERNS"/><ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || Single Payer<ref name='Universal Coverage Is Not "Single Payer" Healthcare'/> || {{w|Canada}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1966 || Policy || Andorra adopts universal healthcare.<ref name="UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE AND TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DIFFUSION PATTERNS"/> || {{w|Andorra}}
+
| 1966 || Policy || The Dutch Sickness Fund Act (Ziekenfondswet, ZFW) enters into force in the Netherlands, adding compulsory insurance for the whole  population to cover severe medical risks.<ref>{{cite web|title=Netherlands Health system review|url=http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/314404/HIT_Netherlands.pdf|website=who.int|accessdate=17 November 2017}}</ref> This is the year the Netherlands is considered having adopted universal healthcare policy.<ref name="UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE AND TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DIFFUSION PATTERNS"/><ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || Two Tier<ref name='Universal Coverage Is Not "Single Payer" Healthcare'/> || {{w|Netherlands}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1966 || Policy || {{w|Universal healthcare}} is achieved in {{w|Canada}}, after the [[w:Parliament of Canada|Parliament]] approves a publicly-funded healthcare system under the principle that access to healthcare shouldn’t depend on location, income, or wealth.<ref>{{cite web|title=Give Canada Universal Drug Coverage!|url=https://www.change.org/p/government-of-canada-give-canada-universal-drug-coverage|website=change.org|accessdate=19 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE AND TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DIFFUSION PATTERNS"/><ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || {{w|Canada}}
+
| 1967 || Policy || Austria adopts universal healthcare policy.<ref name="UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE AND TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DIFFUSION PATTERNS"/><ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || Insurance Mandate<ref name='Universal Coverage Is Not "Single Payer" Healthcare'/> || {{w|Austria}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1966 || Policy || The Netherlands adopt universal healthcare policy.<ref name="UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE AND TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DIFFUSION PATTERNS"/><ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || {{w|Netherlands}}
+
| 1970 || Policy || Comprehensive healthcare begins in Oman.<ref name="ENCYCLOPEDIA OF WOMEN AND ISLAMIC CULTURES"/> || || {{w|Oman}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1967 || Policy || Austria adopts universal healthcare policy.<ref name="UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE AND TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DIFFUSION PATTERNS"/><ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || {{w|Austria}}
+
| 1971 || Policy || The United Arab Emirates adopt universal healthcare.<ref name="UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE AND TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DIFFUSION PATTERNS"/><ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || Single Payer<ref name='Universal Coverage Is Not "Single Payer" Healthcare'/> || {{w|United Arab Emirates}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1970 || Policy || Comprehensive healthcare begins in Oman.<ref name="ENCYCLOPEDIA OF WOMEN AND ISLAMIC CULTURES"/> || {{w|Oman}}
+
| 1972 || Policy || Finland adopts universal healthcare policy.<ref name="UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE AND TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DIFFUSION PATTERNS"/><ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || Single Payer<ref name='Universal Coverage Is Not "Single Payer" Healthcare'/> || {{w|Finland}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1971 || || The United Arab Emirates adopt universal healthcare.<ref name="UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE AND TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DIFFUSION PATTERNS"/><ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || {{w|United Arab Emirates}}
+
| 1972 || Policy || Slovenia establishes universal healthcare.<ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || Single Payer<ref name='Universal Coverage Is Not "Single Payer" Healthcare'/> ||{{w|Slovenia}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1972 || Policy || Finland adopts universal healthcare policy.<ref name="UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE AND TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DIFFUSION PATTERNS"/><ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || {{w|Finland}}
+
| 1973 || Policy || Denmark adopts universal healthcare policy.<ref name="UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE AND TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DIFFUSION PATTERNS"/><ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || Two Tier || {{w|Denmark}}  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1972 || || Slovenia establishes universal healthcare.<ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || {{w|Slovenia}}
+
| 1973 || Policy || Luxemburg adopts universal healthcare policy.<ref name="UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE AND TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DIFFUSION PATTERNS"/><ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || Insurance Mandate<ref name='Universal Coverage Is Not "Single Payer" Healthcare'/> || {{w|Luxembourg}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1973 || Policy || Denmark and Luxemburg adopt universal healthcare policy.<ref name="UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE AND TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DIFFUSION PATTERNS"/><ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || {{w|Denmark}}, {{w|Luxembourg}}
+
| 1974 || Policy || France adopts universal healthcare policy after law proclaims that the French National Health Insurance should be universal.<ref name="The Health Care System Under French National Health Insurance: Lessons for Health Reform in the United States">{{cite journal|last1=Rodwin|first1=Victor G.|title=The Health Care System Under French National Health Insurance: Lessons for Health Reform in the United States|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1447687/|accessdate=17 November 2017|pmc=1447687}}</ref><ref name="UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE AND TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DIFFUSION PATTERNS"/><ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || Two Tier<ref name='Universal Coverage Is Not "Single Payer" Healthcare'/> ||{{w|France}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1974 || Policy || France adopts universal healthcare policy.<ref name="UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE AND TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DIFFUSION PATTERNS"/><ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || {{w|France}}
+
| 1975 || Policy || Australia adopts universal healthcare policy.<ref name="UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE AND TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DIFFUSION PATTERNS"/><ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || Two Tier<ref name='Universal Coverage Is Not "Single Payer" Healthcare'/> || {{w|Australia}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1975 || Policy || Australia adopts universal healthcare policy.<ref name="UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE AND TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DIFFUSION PATTERNS"/><ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || {{w|Australia}}
+
| 1975 || Policy || Algeria establishes universal healthcare.<ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care">{{cite web|title=Countries With Universal Health Care|url=http://www.worldatlas.com/articles/countries-with-universal-health-care.html|website=worldatlas.com|accessdate=7 November 2017}}</ref> || || {{w|Algeria}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1975 || || Algeria establishes universal healthcare.<ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care">{{cite web|title=Countries With Universal Health Care|url=http://www.worldatlas.com/articles/countries-with-universal-health-care.html|website=worldatlas.com|accessdate=7 November 2017}}</ref>
+
| 1976 || Policy || After reunification of {{w|Vietnam}}, the universal healthcare system is extended to the [[w:South Vietnam|South]].<ref name="HEALTH CARE IN VIETNAM">{{cite web|title=HEALTH CARE IN VIETNAM|url=http://factsanddetails.com/southeast-asia/Vietnam/sub5_9f/entry-3461.html|website=factsanddetails.com|accessdate=17 November 2017}}</ref> || || {{w|Vietnam}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1977 || Policy || Ireland adopts universal healthcare policy.<ref name="UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE AND TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DIFFUSION PATTERNS"/><ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || {{w|Ireland}}
+
| 1977 || Policy || Ireland adopts universal healthcare policy.<ref name="UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE AND TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DIFFUSION PATTERNS"/><ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || Two Tier<ref name='Universal Coverage Is Not "Single Payer" Healthcare'/> || {{w|Ireland}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1977 || Policy || South Korea passes law mandating health insurance for industrial workers.<ref name="Where in the world can you get universal health care?"/> || {{w|South Korea}}
+
| 1977 || Policy || South Korea passes law mandating health insurance for industrial workers.<ref name="Where in the world can you get universal health care?"/> || || {{w|South Korea}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1978 || Policy || Italy adopts universal healthcare policy.<ref name="UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE AND TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DIFFUSION PATTERNS"/><ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || {{w|Italy}}
+
| 1978 || Policy || Italy adopts universal healthcare policy.<ref name="UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE AND TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DIFFUSION PATTERNS"/><ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || Single Payer<ref name='Universal Coverage Is Not "Single Payer" Healthcare'/> || {{w|Italy}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1979 || Policy || {{w|Portugal}}'s National Healthcare Service, known nationally as Serviço Nacional de Saúde (SNS) starts providing universal free healthcare nationwide.<ref name="UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE AND TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DIFFUSION PATTERNS"/><ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || {{w|Portugal}}
+
| 1979 || Policy || {{w|Portugal}}'s National Healthcare Service, known nationally as Serviço Nacional de Saúde (SNS) starts providing universal free healthcare nationwide.<ref name="UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE AND TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DIFFUSION PATTERNS"/><ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || Single Payer<ref name='Universal Coverage Is Not "Single Payer" Healthcare'/> || {{w|Portugal}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1980 || Policy || Cyprus adopts universal healthcare policy.<ref name="UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE AND TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DIFFUSION PATTERNS"/><ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || {{w|Cyprus}}
+
| 1980 || Policy || Cyprus adopts universal healthcare policy.<ref name="UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE AND TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DIFFUSION PATTERNS"/><ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || Single Payer<ref name='Universal Coverage Is Not "Single Payer" Healthcare'/> || {{w|Cyprus}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1983 || Policy || Greece adopts universal healthcare policy.<ref name="UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE AND TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DIFFUSION PATTERNS"/><ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || {{w|Greece}}
+
| 1983 || Policy || Greece adopts universal healthcare policy.<ref name="UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE AND TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DIFFUSION PATTERNS"/><ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || Insurance Mandate<ref name='Universal Coverage Is Not "Single Payer" Healthcare'/> || {{w|Greece}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1986 || Policy || Spain adopts universal healthcare policy.<ref name="UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE AND TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DIFFUSION PATTERNS"/><ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || {{w|Spain}}
+
| 1986 || Policy || Spain adopts universal healthcare policy.<ref name="UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE AND TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DIFFUSION PATTERNS"/><ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || Single Payer<ref name='Universal Coverage Is Not "Single Payer" Healthcare'/> || {{w|Spain}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1988 || Policy || South Korea adopts universal healthcare policy.<ref name="UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE AND TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DIFFUSION PATTERNS"/><ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || {{w|South Korea}}
+
| 1988 || Policy || South Korea adopts universal healthcare policy.<ref name="UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE AND TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DIFFUSION PATTERNS"/><ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || Insurance Mandate || {{w|South Korea}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1988 || Policy || Brazil establishes the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde), an approach to having free healthcare for all, a constitutional right.<ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/><ref name="Where in the world can you get universal health care?"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Brazil and its Struggle to Universal Healthcare|url=http://wordpress.clarku.edu/id125-publichealth/2016/11/17/brazil-and-its-struggle-to-universal-healthcare/|website=clarku.edu|accessdate=16 November 2017}}</ref> || {{w|Brazil}}
+
| 1988 || Policy || Brazil establishes the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde), an approach to having free healthcare for all, a constitutional right.<ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/><ref name="Where in the world can you get universal health care?"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Brazil and its Struggle to Universal Healthcare|url=http://wordpress.clarku.edu/id125-publichealth/2016/11/17/brazil-and-its-struggle-to-universal-healthcare/|website=clarku.edu|accessdate=16 November 2017}}</ref> || || {{w|Brazil}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1990 || Policy || Iceland adopts universal healthcare policy.<ref name="UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE AND TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DIFFUSION PATTERNS"/><ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || {{w|Iceland}}
+
| 1990 || Policy || Iceland adopts universal healthcare policy.<ref name="UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE AND TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DIFFUSION PATTERNS"/><ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || Single Payer<ref name='Universal Coverage Is Not "Single Payer" Healthcare'/> || {{w|Iceland}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1991 || || Colombia establishes the right to healthcare within its constitution.<ref name="Universal Healthcare on the rise in Latin America">{{cite web|title=Universal Healthcare on the rise in Latin America|url=http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2013/02/14/universal-healthcare-latin-america|website=worldbank.org|accessdate=7 November 2017}}</ref> || {{w|Colombia}}  
+
| 1991 || Policy || Colombia establishes the right to healthcare within its constitution.<ref name="Universal Healthcare on the rise in Latin America">{{cite web|title=Universal Healthcare on the rise in Latin America|url=http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2013/02/14/universal-healthcare-latin-america|website=worldbank.org|accessdate=7 November 2017}}</ref> || || {{w|Colombia}}  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1993 || Policy || Hong Kong adopts universal healthcare policy.<ref name="UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE AND TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DIFFUSION PATTERNS"/><ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || {{w|Hong Kong}}
+
| 1993 || Policy || Hong Kong adopts universal healthcare policy.<ref name="UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE AND TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DIFFUSION PATTERNS"/><ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || Two Tier<ref name='Universal Coverage Is Not "Single Payer" Healthcare'/> || {{w|Hong Kong}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1993 || || Colombia establishes universal healthcare.<ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || {{w|Colombia}}
+
| 1993 || Policy || Colombia establishes universal healthcare.<ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || || {{w|Colombia}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1993 || Policy || Singapore adopts universal healthcare policy.<ref name="UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE AND TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DIFFUSION PATTERNS"/><ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || {{w|Singapore}}
+
| 1993 || Policy || Singapore adopts universal healthcare policy.<ref name="UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE AND TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DIFFUSION PATTERNS"/><ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || Two Tier<ref name='Universal Coverage Is Not "Single Payer" Healthcare'/> || {{w|Singapore}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1994 || Policy || Switzerland adopts universal healthcare policy.<ref name="UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE AND TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DIFFUSION PATTERNS"/><ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || {{w|Switzerland}}
+
| 1994 || Policy || Switzerland adopts universal healthcare policy.<ref name="UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE AND TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DIFFUSION PATTERNS"/><ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || Insurance Mandate<ref name='Universal Coverage Is Not "Single Payer" Healthcare'/> || {{w|Switzerland}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1994 || Policy || Moldova begins a mandatory health insurance program with the aim of providing the entire population with basic healthcare. Today, people who are unemployed or not working are insured by the government, while employed Moldovans chip in a portion of their income through a payroll tax or a flat-rate contribution.<ref name="Universal health insurance coverage for 1.3 billion people: What accounts for China's success?">{{cite web|title=Universal health insurance coverage for 1.3 billion people: What accounts for China's success?|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168851015001864|website=sciencedirect.com|accessdate=16 November 2017}}</ref> || {{w|Moldova}}
+
| 1994 || Policy || Moldova begins a mandatory health insurance program with the aim of providing the entire population with basic healthcare. Today, people who are unemployed or not working are insured by the government, while employed Moldovans chip in a portion of their income through a payroll tax or a flat-rate contribution.<ref name="Universal health insurance coverage for 1.3 billion people: What accounts for China's success?">{{cite web|title=Universal health insurance coverage for 1.3 billion people: What accounts for China's success?|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168851015001864|website=sciencedirect.com|accessdate=16 November 2017}}</ref> || || {{w|Moldova}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1995 || Policy || Israel passes National Health Insurance Law, setting out a system of universal healthcare.<ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || {{w|Israel}}
+
| 1995 || Policy || Israel passes National Health Insurance Law, setting out a system of universal healthcare.<ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || Two Tier<ref name='Universal Coverage Is Not "Single Payer" Healthcare'/> || {{w|Israel}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1995 || Policy || {{w|Taiwan}} institutes its National Health Insurance (NHI). || {{w|Taiwan}}
+
| 1995 || Policy || {{w|Taiwan}} institutes its National Health Insurance (NHI). || || {{w|Taiwan}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1999 || Program launch || Rwanda establishes a national health plan. Since then, healthcare insurance would extend to reach about 91% of the population, a greater percentage than the United States.<ref name="Universal health insurance coverage for 1.3 billion people: What accounts for China's success?"/><ref name="Where in the world can you get universal health care?">{{cite web|title=Where in the world can you get universal health care?|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2012/06/28/health/countries-health-care/index.html|website=cnn.com|accessdate=7 November 2017}}</ref>  
+
| 1999 || Program launch || Rwanda establishes a national health plan. Since then, healthcare insurance would extend to reach about 91% of the population, a greater percentage than the United States.<ref name="Universal health insurance coverage for 1.3 billion people: What accounts for China's success?"/><ref name="Where in the world can you get universal health care?">{{cite web|title=Where in the world can you get universal health care?|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2012/06/28/health/countries-health-care/index.html|website=cnn.com|accessdate=7 November 2017}}</ref> || || {{w|Rwanda}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1999 || Policy || Venezuela establishes universal healthcare.<ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || {{w|Venezuela}}
+
| 1999 || Policy || Venezuela establishes universal healthcare.<ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || || {{w|Venezuela}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2002 || Policy || Thailand introduces the "30-bhat scheme" (Less than US$ 1 at the time), a plan aimed at extending health coverage to all citizens. About 14 million previously uninsured people are added to the Thai system with this plan. According to a WHO report, prescription drugs, hospitalizations and services like chemotherapy, surgery and emergency care are free to patients.<ref name="Universal health insurance coverage for 1.3 billion people: What accounts for China's success?"/><ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/><ref name="Where in the world can you get universal health care?"/> || {{w|Thailand}}
+
| 2000 || Recognition || The French healthcare system is ranked N° 1 by the {{w|World Health Organization}}.<ref name="The Health Care System Under French National Health Insurance: Lessons for Health Reform in the United States"/> || || {{w|France}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2005 || Policy || Argentina establishes a maternal and child health insurance program (Plan Nacer), with aims at covering more than one million previously uninsured pregnant women and children with basic health insurance and secure access to services.<ref name="Universal Healthcare on the rise in Latin America"/> || {{w|Argentina}}
+
| 2002 || Policy || Thailand introduces the "30-bhat scheme" (Less than US$ 1 at the time), a plan aimed at extending health coverage to all citizens. About 14 million previously uninsured people are added to the Thai system with this plan. According to a WHO report, prescription drugs, hospitalizations and services like chemotherapy, surgery and emergency care are free to patients.<ref name="Universal health insurance coverage for 1.3 billion people: What accounts for China's success?"/><ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/><ref name="Where in the world can you get universal health care?"/> || || {{w|Thailand}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2005 || Policy || Chile establishes access aimed at all its citizens to a basic package guaranteeing treatments for up to 80 health problems, setting upper limits to waiting times and out-of-pocket payment for treatments.<ref name="Universal Healthcare on the rise in Latin America"/> || {{w|Chile}}
+
| 2005 || Policy || Chile establishes access aimed at all its citizens to a basic package guaranteeing treatments for up to 80 health problems, setting upper limits to waiting times and out-of-pocket payment for treatments.<ref name="Universal Healthcare on the rise in Latin America"/> || || {{w|Chile}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2009 (May 28) || Policy || Mexico announces universal care coverage for pregnant women.<ref>[http://www.presidencia.gob.mx/en/press/?contenido=45307 International Women's Day] {{website|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090622103804/http://www.presidencia.gob.mx/en/press/?contenido=45307 |date=June 22, 2009 }}</ref> || {{w|Mexico}}
+
| 2009 (April 10) || Policy || The Government of Peru publishes the Law on Health Insurance to enable all citizens access to quality health services.<ref>{{cite web|title=Peru: Universal Health Insurance|url=http://www.loc.gov/law/foreign-news/article/peru-universal-health-insurance/|website=loc.gov|accessdate=16 November 2017}}</ref> || || {{w|Peru}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2009 (April 10) || Policy || The Government of Peru publishes the Law on Health Insurance to enable all citizens access to quality health services.<ref>{{cite web|title=Peru: Universal Health Insurance|url=http://www.loc.gov/law/foreign-news/article/peru-universal-health-insurance/|website=loc.gov|accessdate=16 November 2017}}</ref> || {{w|Peru}}
+
| 2011 || Policy || China achieves universal health insurance with more than 95% of its population insured. This represents the largest expansion of insurance coverage in human history.<ref name="Universal health insurance coverage for 1.3 billion people: What accounts for China's success?"/> || || {{w|China}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2011 || Policy || China achieves universal health insurance with more than 95% of its population insured. This represents the largest expansion of insurance coverage in human history.<ref name="Universal health insurance coverage for 1.3 billion people: What accounts for China's success?"/> || {{w|China}}
+
| 2012 || Policy || Mexico establishes universal healthcare.<ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/><ref name="">{{cite web|title=Mexico achieves universal health coverage, enrolls 52.6 million people in less than a decade|url=https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/features/mexico-universal-health/|website=harvard.edu|accessdate=7 November 2017}}</ref> || || {{w|Mexico}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2012 || Policy || Mexico establishes universal healthcare.<ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/><ref name="">{{cite web|title=Mexico achieves universal health coverage, enrolls 52.6 million people in less than a decade|url=https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/features/mexico-universal-health/|website=harvard.edu|accessdate=7 November 2017}}</ref> || {{w|Mexico}}
+
| 2014 || Policy || With the {{w|House of Representatives}}’s passage of the {{w|Democrats}}’ reform bill, the United States approaches universal health care, using an insurance mandate system.<ref name="List of Countries with Universal Healthcare">{{cite web|title=List of Countries with Universal Healthcare|url=https://coto2.wordpress.com/2010/03/22/list-of-countries-with-universal-healthcare/|website=wordpress.com|accessdate=17 November 2017}}</ref> || Insurance Mandate<ref name="List of Countries with Universal Healthcare"/> || {{w|United States}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2015 || Policy || All Qatari citizens and expatriates are expected to be covered by national health insurance.<ref name="ENCYCLOPEDIA OF WOMEN AND ISLAMIC CULTURES"/> || {{w|Qatar}}
+
| 2015 || Policy || All Qatari citizens and expatriates are expected to be covered by national health insurance.<ref name="ENCYCLOPEDIA OF WOMEN AND ISLAMIC CULTURES"/> || || {{w|Qatar}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2016 || Policy || Argentina establishes universal healthcare.<ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || {{w|Argentina}}
+
| 2016 || Policy || Argentina establishes universal healthcare.<ref name="Countries With Universal Health Care"/> || || {{w|Argentina}}
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
 +
 +
== Numerical and visual data  ==
 +
 +
=== Google Scholar ===
 +
 +
The following table summarizes per-year mentions on Google Scholar as of November 6, 2021.
 +
 +
{| class="sortable wikitable"
 +
! Year
 +
! "universal health care"
 +
|-
 +
| 1970 || 11
 +
|-
 +
| 1975 || 21
 +
|-
 +
| 1980 || 17
 +
|-
 +
| 1985 || 26
 +
|-
 +
| 1990 || 149
 +
|-
 +
| 1995 || 493
 +
|-
 +
| 2000 || 740
 +
|-
 +
| 2005 || 1,160
 +
|-
 +
| 2010 || 2,530
 +
|-
 +
| 2015 || 4,100
 +
|-
 +
| 2020 || 5,090
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
 +
[[File:Universal health care gscho.png|thumb|center|700px]]
 +
 +
=== Google Trends ===
 +
 +
The chart below shows {{w|Google Trends}} data for Universal healthcare (Search term), from January 2004 to April 2021, when the screenshot was taken. Interest is also ranked by country and displayed on world map.<ref>{{cite web |title=Universal healthcare |url=https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=all&q=Universal%20healthcare |website=Google Trends |access-date=18 April 2021}}</ref>
 +
 +
[[File:Universal healthcare gt.png|thumb|center|600px]]
 +
 +
=== Google Ngram Viewer ===
 +
 +
The chart below shows {{w|Google Ngram Viewer}} data for Universal healthcare, from 1980 to 2019.<ref>{{cite web |title=Universal healthcare |url=https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Universal+healthcare&year_start=1980&year_end=2019&corpus=26&smoothing=3&case_insensitive=true |website=books.google.com |access-date=18 April 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
 +
 +
[[File:Universal healthcare ngram.png|thumb|center|700px]]
 +
 +
=== Wikipedia Views ===
 +
 +
The chart below shows pageviews of the English Wikipedia article {{w|Universal healthcare}}, from July 2015 to March 2021.<ref>{{cite web |title=Universal healthcare |url=https://wikipediaviews.org/displayviewsformultiplemonths.php?page=Universal+healthcare&allmonths=allmonths-api&language=en&drilldown=all |website=wikipediaviews.org |access-date=18 April 2021}}</ref>
 +
 +
[[File:Universal healthcare wv.png|thumb|center|450px]]
 +
  
 
==Meta information on the timeline==
 
==Meta information on the timeline==
Line 153: Line 214:
  
 
===What the timeline is still missing===
 
===What the timeline is still missing===
 +
 +
* https://www.uhc2030.org/un-hlm-2019/a-history-of-universal-health-coverage-in-the-un/
  
 
===Timeline update strategy===
 
===Timeline update strategy===

Revision as of 08:51, 29 February 2024

This is a timeline of universal healthcare, focusing especially on first year implementation of universal healthcare policies in every adopting country.

Big picture

Time period Development summary
1800s Several European countries begin implementing some form of social insurance that would eventually evolve into a national health insurance program.[1] The first step is taken in Germany, when the government establishes The world's first national social health insurance system.
1912 < Era of universal healthcare adoption as state policy, beginning in Norway.[2]
Recent times Currently, most developed countries and an increasing number of developing countries provide access to some type of universal healthcare.


Full timeline

Brief explanation of healthcare system type:

  • Single Payer: Insurance is provided for all residents (or citizens) by the government, which pays all health care expenses except for copays and coinsurance. Providers may be public, private, or a combination of both.[3]
  • Two-Tier: Catastrophic or minimum insurance coverage is provided or mandated by the government for all residents (or citizens) while allowing the purchase of additional voluntary insurance or fee-for service care when desired.[3]
  • Insurance Mandate: All citizens are mandated by the government to purchase insurance, whether from private, public, or non-profit insurers. In some cases the insurer list is quite restrictive, while in others a healthy private market for insurance is simply regulated and standardized by the government. In this kind of system insurers are barred from rejecting sick individuals and individuals are required to purchase insurance, in order to prevent typical health care market failures from arising.[3]
Year Event type Details Present time system type (when aplicable) Country
1883 The world's first national social health insurance system originates in Germany with Otto Von Bismarck's Sickness Insurance Law, starting to implement compulsory sickness insurance program for workers.[1][4][5][6] Germany
1891 Healthcare begins taking effect in Sweden as a form of labor subsidized mutual benefit.[1] Sweden
1892 Healthcare begins taking effect in Denmark.[1] Denmark
1910 Healthcare begins taking effect in France.[1] France
1912 Healthcare begins taking effect in Switzerland.[1] Switzerland
1912 Policy Norway becomes the first country to adopt a universal healthcare policy.[2][7] Single Payer[3] Norway
1938 Policy Japan achieves universal healthcare. The National Health Insurance act is enacted, widening the coverage of public health insurance not only to farmers, but also to the general public not covered by the Health Insurance Law.[8][7] Single payer[3] Japan
1938 Policy New Zealand establishes universal healthcare.[7] Two Tier[3] New Zealand
1941 Policy The Third Reich institutes a universal healthcare system. Free for widows and orphans, the benefits are enjoyed only by "racial comrades".[9][7] Insurance Mandate[3] Germany
1945 Policy Belgium adopts universal healthcare policy, after introducing compulsory insurance.[10][7] Insurance Mandate[3] Belgium
1945 United States President Harry S. Truman proposes a national health insurance program. The Congress would not approve it.[11] United States
1948 (July 5) The National Health Service Act 1946 is launched in England, creating the National Health Service (NHS) that would provide the majority of healthcare in the country.[12][13][7] Single Payer[3] United Kingdom
1950 Policy Kuwait starts implementing free comprehensive healthcare to its citizens.[14][7][15] Single Payer[3] Kuwait
1954 Policy The government of North Vietnam establishes universal healthcare.[7][16] Vietnam
1955 Policy Sweden implements a universal healthcare system, nine year after the legislation was passed in 1946.[17][2][7] Single Payer[3] Sweden
1955 Policy North Korea establishes universal healthcare.[7] North Korea
1957 Policy Bahrain adopts universal healthcare policy.[2][7] Single Payer[3] Bahrain
1958 Policy Brunei achieves universal healthcare policy.[2][7] Single Payer[3] Brunei
1966 Policy Andorra adopts universal healthcare.[2] Andorra
1966 Policy Universal healthcare is achieved in Canada, after the Parliament approves a publicly-funded healthcare system under the principle that access to healthcare shouldn’t depend on location, income, or wealth.[18][2][7] Single Payer[3] Canada
1966 Policy The Dutch Sickness Fund Act (Ziekenfondswet, ZFW) enters into force in the Netherlands, adding compulsory insurance for the whole population to cover severe medical risks.[19] This is the year the Netherlands is considered having adopted universal healthcare policy.[2][7] Two Tier[3] Netherlands
1967 Policy Austria adopts universal healthcare policy.[2][7] Insurance Mandate[3] Austria
1970 Policy Comprehensive healthcare begins in Oman.[14] Oman
1971 Policy The United Arab Emirates adopt universal healthcare.[2][7] Single Payer[3] United Arab Emirates
1972 Policy Finland adopts universal healthcare policy.[2][7] Single Payer[3] Finland
1972 Policy Slovenia establishes universal healthcare.[7] Single Payer[3] Slovenia
1973 Policy Denmark adopts universal healthcare policy.[2][7] Two Tier Denmark
1973 Policy Luxemburg adopts universal healthcare policy.[2][7] Insurance Mandate[3] Luxembourg
1974 Policy France adopts universal healthcare policy after law proclaims that the French National Health Insurance should be universal.[20][2][7] Two Tier[3] France
1975 Policy Australia adopts universal healthcare policy.[2][7] Two Tier[3] Australia
1975 Policy Algeria establishes universal healthcare.[7] Algeria
1976 Policy After reunification of Vietnam, the universal healthcare system is extended to the South.[16] Vietnam
1977 Policy Ireland adopts universal healthcare policy.[2][7] Two Tier[3] Ireland
1977 Policy South Korea passes law mandating health insurance for industrial workers.[15] South Korea
1978 Policy Italy adopts universal healthcare policy.[2][7] Single Payer[3] Italy
1979 Policy Portugal's National Healthcare Service, known nationally as Serviço Nacional de Saúde (SNS) starts providing universal free healthcare nationwide.[2][7] Single Payer[3] Portugal
1980 Policy Cyprus adopts universal healthcare policy.[2][7] Single Payer[3] Cyprus
1983 Policy Greece adopts universal healthcare policy.[2][7] Insurance Mandate[3] Greece
1986 Policy Spain adopts universal healthcare policy.[2][7] Single Payer[3] Spain
1988 Policy South Korea adopts universal healthcare policy.[2][7] Insurance Mandate South Korea
1988 Policy Brazil establishes the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde), an approach to having free healthcare for all, a constitutional right.[7][15][21] Brazil
1990 Policy Iceland adopts universal healthcare policy.[2][7] Single Payer[3] Iceland
1991 Policy Colombia establishes the right to healthcare within its constitution.[22] Colombia
1993 Policy Hong Kong adopts universal healthcare policy.[2][7] Two Tier[3] Hong Kong
1993 Policy Colombia establishes universal healthcare.[7] Colombia
1993 Policy Singapore adopts universal healthcare policy.[2][7] Two Tier[3] Singapore
1994 Policy Switzerland adopts universal healthcare policy.[2][7] Insurance Mandate[3] Switzerland
1994 Policy Moldova begins a mandatory health insurance program with the aim of providing the entire population with basic healthcare. Today, people who are unemployed or not working are insured by the government, while employed Moldovans chip in a portion of their income through a payroll tax or a flat-rate contribution.[23] Moldova
1995 Policy Israel passes National Health Insurance Law, setting out a system of universal healthcare.[7] Two Tier[3] Israel
1995 Policy Taiwan institutes its National Health Insurance (NHI). Taiwan
1999 Program launch Rwanda establishes a national health plan. Since then, healthcare insurance would extend to reach about 91% of the population, a greater percentage than the United States.[23][15] Rwanda
1999 Policy Venezuela establishes universal healthcare.[7] Venezuela
2000 Recognition The French healthcare system is ranked N° 1 by the World Health Organization.[20] France
2002 Policy Thailand introduces the "30-bhat scheme" (Less than US$ 1 at the time), a plan aimed at extending health coverage to all citizens. About 14 million previously uninsured people are added to the Thai system with this plan. According to a WHO report, prescription drugs, hospitalizations and services like chemotherapy, surgery and emergency care are free to patients.[23][7][15] Thailand
2005 Policy Chile establishes access aimed at all its citizens to a basic package guaranteeing treatments for up to 80 health problems, setting upper limits to waiting times and out-of-pocket payment for treatments.[22] Chile
2009 (April 10) Policy The Government of Peru publishes the Law on Health Insurance to enable all citizens access to quality health services.[24] Peru
2011 Policy China achieves universal health insurance with more than 95% of its population insured. This represents the largest expansion of insurance coverage in human history.[23] China
2012 Policy Mexico establishes universal healthcare.[7][25] Mexico
2014 Policy With the House of Representatives’s passage of the Democrats’ reform bill, the United States approaches universal health care, using an insurance mandate system.[26] Insurance Mandate[26] United States
2015 Policy All Qatari citizens and expatriates are expected to be covered by national health insurance.[14] Qatar
2016 Policy Argentina establishes universal healthcare.[7] Argentina

Numerical and visual data

Google Scholar

The following table summarizes per-year mentions on Google Scholar as of November 6, 2021.

Year "universal health care"
1970 11
1975 21
1980 17
1985 26
1990 149
1995 493
2000 740
2005 1,160
2010 2,530
2015 4,100
2020 5,090
Universal health care gscho.png

Google Trends

The chart below shows Google Trends data for Universal healthcare (Search term), from January 2004 to April 2021, when the screenshot was taken. Interest is also ranked by country and displayed on world map.[27]

Universal healthcare gt.png

Google Ngram Viewer

The chart below shows Google Ngram Viewer data for Universal healthcare, from 1980 to 2019.[28]

Universal healthcare ngram.png

Wikipedia Views

The chart below shows pageviews of the English Wikipedia article Universal healthcare, from July 2015 to March 2021.[29]

Universal healthcare wv.png


Meta information on the timeline

How the timeline was built

The initial version of the timeline was written by User:Sebastian.

Funding information for this timeline is available.

What the timeline is still missing

Timeline update strategy

See also

External links

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 "Historical Foundation of Universal Healthcare". healthcarereformmagazine.com. Retrieved 7 November 2017. 
  2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 "UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE AND TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DIFFUSION PATTERNS" (PDF). utwente.nl. Retrieved 7 November 2017. 
  3. ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 3.20 3.21 3.22 3.23 3.24 3.25 3.26 3.27 3.28 3.29 3.30 3.31 3.32 "Universal Coverage Is Not "Single Payer" Healthcare". forbes.com. Retrieved 17 November 2017. 
  4. ↑ "Bismarck and Beyond: the Beginnings of Social Health Insurance in Germany". wordpress.com. Retrieved 7 November 2017. 
  5. ↑ Leichter, Howard M. (1979). A comparative approach to policy analysis: health care policy in four nations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 121. ISBN 0-521-22648-1. The Sickness Insurance Law (1883). Eligibility. The Sickness Insurance Law came into effect in December 1884. It provided for compulsory participation by all industrial wage earners (i.e., manual laborers) in factories, ironworks, mines, shipbuilding yards, and similar workplaces. 
  6. ↑ Hennock, Ernest Peter (2007). The origin of the welfare state in England and Germany, 1850–1914: social policies compared. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 157. ISBN 978-0-521-59212-3. 
  7. ↑ 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13 7.14 7.15 7.16 7.17 7.18 7.19 7.20 7.21 7.22 7.23 7.24 7.25 7.26 7.27 7.28 7.29 7.30 7.31 7.32 7.33 7.34 7.35 7.36 7.37 7.38 7.39 7.40 "Countries With Universal Health Care". worldatlas.com. Retrieved 7 November 2017. 
  8. ↑ "Social Security in Japan 2014". ipss.go.jp. Retrieved 19 August 2017. 
  9. ↑ Kitchen, Martin. The Third Reich: Charisma and Community. Retrieved 17 November 2017. 
  10. ↑ Two Centuries of Solidarity: German, Belgian, and Dutch Social Health Care Insurance 1770-2008 (Karel-Peter Companje, Karel Veraghtert, Brigitte Widdershoven ed.). Retrieved 17 November 2017. 
  11. ↑ "69 years ago, a president pitches his idea for national health care". pbs.org. Retrieved 16 November 2017. 
  12. ↑ "National Health Service Act 1946". health.org.uk. Retrieved 7 November 2017. 
  13. ↑ Pharmaceutical Pricing, Reimbursement, and Prescribing in the United Kingdom. Retrieved 7 November 2017. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Joseph, Suad. "ENCYCLOPEDIA OF WOMEN AND ISLAMIC CULTURES". ucdavis.edu. Retrieved 7 November 2017. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 "Where in the world can you get universal health care?". cnn.com. Retrieved 7 November 2017. 
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 "HEALTH CARE IN VIETNAM". factsanddetails.com. Retrieved 17 November 2017. 
  17. ↑ Shafrin, Jason. "The Development of Universal Health Care in Sweden". healthcare-economist.com. Retrieved 17 November 2017. 
  18. ↑ "Give Canada Universal Drug Coverage!". change.org. Retrieved 19 August 2017. 
  19. ↑ "Netherlands Health system review" (PDF). who.int. Retrieved 17 November 2017. 
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Rodwin, Victor G. "The Health Care System Under French National Health Insurance: Lessons for Health Reform in the United States". PMC 1447687Freely accessible. Retrieved 17 November 2017. 
  21. ↑ "Brazil and its Struggle to Universal Healthcare". clarku.edu. Retrieved 16 November 2017. 
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 "Universal Healthcare on the rise in Latin America". worldbank.org. Retrieved 7 November 2017. 
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 "Universal health insurance coverage for 1.3 billion people: What accounts for China's success?". sciencedirect.com. Retrieved 16 November 2017. 
  24. ↑ "Peru: Universal Health Insurance". loc.gov. Retrieved 16 November 2017. 
  25. ↑ "Mexico achieves universal health coverage, enrolls 52.6 million people in less than a decade". harvard.edu. Retrieved 7 November 2017. 
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 "List of Countries with Universal Healthcare". wordpress.com. Retrieved 17 November 2017. 
  27. ↑ "Universal healthcare". Google Trends. Retrieved 18 April 2021. 
  28. ↑ "Universal healthcare". books.google.com. Retrieved 18 April 2021. 
  29. ↑ "Universal healthcare". wikipediaviews.org. Retrieved 18 April 2021. 
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