Difference between revisions of "Timeline of pipeline transport"

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This is a '''timeline of pipeline transport'''.
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This is a '''{{w|timeline of pipeline transport}}''', attempting to describe the evolution of pipelines mainly for urban and industrial purposes.
  
 
==Big picture==
 
==Big picture==
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! Time period !! Development summary   
 
! Time period !! Development summary   
 
|-
 
|-
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| Ancient times || Bamboo pipes are used in {{w|China}}. Also, pipes made of clay or stone are widely used in [[w:Ancient Egypt|Egypt]], [[w:Ancient Mesopotamia|Mesopotamia]] and [[w:Ancient Rome|Rome]].<ref name="Historical Development of the Pipeline as a Mode of Transportation"/>
+
| Ancient times || Early pipeline systems are built for water supply and sanitation purposes. Notable exceptions include bamboo pipes for gas transportation in {{w|China}}. Pipes made of clay or stone are widely used in [[w:Ancient Egypt|Egypt]], [[w:Ancient Mesopotamia|Mesopotamia]] and [[w:Ancient Rome|Rome]].<ref name="Historical Development of the Pipeline as a Mode of Transportation"/>  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 18th Century || Cast-iron pipes are introduced commercially, as cast iron becomes relatively cheap.<ref name="pipe fact monster"/> This leads to a significant improvement in pipeline technology.<ref name="Pipeline technology"/>
 
| 18th Century || Cast-iron pipes are introduced commercially, as cast iron becomes relatively cheap.<ref name="pipe fact monster"/> This leads to a significant improvement in pipeline technology.<ref name="Pipeline technology"/>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 19th Century || The Steel pipe, a major milestone, is introduced, greatly increasing the strength of pipes of all sizes. The development of high-strength steel pipes makes possible the transport of natural gas and oil over long distances.<ref name="Pipeline technology"/> Cast-iron pipes come into common use in the 1840s.<ref name="pipe fact monster"/> The first natural-gas and petroleum pipelines in the United States are built.<ref name="pipe fact monster"/> In the 1870s, pipeline technology improves with the introduction of subsurface cast-iron pipes.<ref name="Zrinski">{{cite web|last1=Zrinski|first1=Tara M.|title=Pipelines By|url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/pipelines/|website=philadelphiaencyclopedia.org|accessdate=19 August 2017}}</ref> Pneumatic tube networks gained in the late 19th through early 20th centuries for offices that need to transport small, urgent packages over relatively short distances in meters.
+
| 19th Century || The oil industry escalates, and also the need to be transported at constant and accessible way. The Steel pipe, a major milestone, is introduced, greatly increasing the strength of pipes of all sizes. The development of high-strength steel pipes makes possible the transport of natural gas and oil over long distances.<ref name="Pipeline technology"/> Cast-iron pipes come into common use in the 1840s.<ref name="pipe fact monster"/> The first natural-gas and petroleum pipelines in the United States are built around this epoch.<ref name="pipe fact monster"/> In the 1870s, pipeline technology improves with the introduction of subsurface cast-iron pipes.<ref name="Zrinski">{{cite web|last1=Zrinski|first1=Tara M.|title=Pipelines By|url=http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/pipelines/|website=philadelphiaencyclopedia.org|accessdate=19 August 2017}}</ref> Pneumatic tube networks gained in the late 19th through early 20th centuries for offices that need to transport small, urgent packages over relatively short distances in meters.
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 20th Century || Steel pipe is introduced early in the century.<ref name="pipe fact monster"/> In the 1920s, the application of welding to join pipes make it possible to construct leakproof, high-pressure, large-diameter pipelines. Since the 1950s, the introduction of ductile iron and large-diameter concrete pressure pipes for water and the use of {{w|polyvinyl chloride}} (PVC) pipe for sewers, prove to be major innovations.<ref name="Pipeline technology"/> From late 1950s to early 1960s, the largest Trans-Siberian trunk pipelines are built.<ref name="At the roots of innovations"/>
 
| 20th Century || Steel pipe is introduced early in the century.<ref name="pipe fact monster"/> In the 1920s, the application of welding to join pipes make it possible to construct leakproof, high-pressure, large-diameter pipelines. Since the 1950s, the introduction of ductile iron and large-diameter concrete pressure pipes for water and the use of {{w|polyvinyl chloride}} (PVC) pipe for sewers, prove to be major innovations.<ref name="Pipeline technology"/> From late 1950s to early 1960s, the largest Trans-Siberian trunk pipelines are built.<ref name="At the roots of innovations"/>
 +
|-
 +
| Present time || Today, the most important pipeline networks are meant to supply oil and natural gas. As of 2014, data gives a total of slightly less than 3,500,000 km of pipeline in 120 countries.<ref name="Pipelines CIA">{{cite web|title=Pipelines CIA|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2117.html|website=cia.gov|accessdate=18 August 2017}}</ref> The United States has 65%, Russia has 8%, and Canada has 3%, giving 75% of all pipelines in three countries.<ref name="Pipelines CIA"/>
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
 +
  
 
==Full timeline==
 
==Full timeline==
 +
The category '''material''' centers in the historical use of the material for pipes.  '''Pipeline''' refers to the construction, existence or commissioning of important pipelines in the world. '''Statistics''' provides quantitative details with the purpose of illustrating the infraestructure development at the time. '''Background''' refers to important events within the context of pipeline development. '''Policy''' may refer to standard settings for the construction of pipelines.
  
 
{| class="sortable wikitable"
 
{| class="sortable wikitable"
−
! Year !! Event type !! Details
+
! Year !! Category !! Content supplied (when applicable) !! Event !! Country/location
 +
|-
 +
| 5000 BC || Material || Water ||{{w|Bamboo}} pipes are used in {{w|China}} to carry water.<ref name="Historical Development of the Pipeline as a Mode of Transportation"/><ref name="pipe fact monster"/> || {{w|China}}
 +
|-
 +
| 4000 BC || Material || Water, wastewater? || The origin of the earliest known pipe in {{w|Babylonia}} is documented as one of the first places to mold clay into pipe (via potter’s wheel). Tees and angle joints are produced and then baked to make drainage pipe.<ref name="The Historical Development of Sewers Worldwide">{{cite journal|last1=De Feo|first1=Giovanni|last2=Antoniou|first2=George|last3=Fardin|first3=Hilal Franz|last4=El-Gohary|first4=Fatma|last5=Zheng|first5=Xiao Yun|last6=Reklaityte|first6=Ieva|last7=Butler|first7=David|last8=Yannopoulos|first8=Stavros|last9=Angelakis|first9=Andreas N.|title=The Historical Development of Sewers Worldwide|doi=10.3390/su6063936|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263278132_The_Historical_Development_of_Sewers_Worldwide|accessdate=22 August 2017}}</ref>  ||
 +
|-
 +
| 3200 BC–2300 BC || Material || Water, wastewater || In the {{w|Minoan civilization}} several types of stone and terracotta conduits and pipes are used to transfer water, and drain stormwater and wastewater.<ref name="The Historical Development of Sewers Worldwide"/> Clay pipes transport water and drainage system develops, working with the natural gradations of the terrain, to manage sewage and water overflow.<ref name="History of Plumbing Systems">{{cite web|title=History of Plumbing Systems|url=http://www.homeadvisor.com/r/history-of-plumbing/#.WYeNNlGkqUk|website=homeadvisor.com|accessdate=6 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last2=Snyder|first2=Shane A.|date=9 September 2015|title=Wastewater Treatment and Reuse: Past, Present, and Future|url=http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/7/9/4887/htm|journal=Water|language=en|volume=7|issue=9|pages=4887–4895|doi=10.3390/w7094887|last1=Angelakis|first1=Andreas N.}}</ref>|| {{w|Greece}}
 +
|-
 +
| 3000 BC || Material || || The first metal pipes of {{w|copper}} are made in Egypt.<ref name="pipe fact monster">{{cite web|title=pipe|url=https://www.factmonster.com/encyclopedia/science-and-technology/technology/technology-terms-and-concepts/pipe|website=factmonster.com|accessdate=18 August 2017}}</ref> || {{w|Egypt}}
 +
|-
 +
| 2500 BC || Material || Water, wastewater? || In [[w:Ancient Egypt|Egypt]], {{w|copper}} pipes are used to build elaborate bathrooms inside the pyramids and intricate irrigation and sewages systems.<ref name="The Historical Development of Sewers Worldwide"/> || {{w|Egypt}}
 +
|-
 +
| 525 BC || Material || Water || A long distance pipeline made out of ox–hides sewn together is laid across the desert to supply water to the Persian forces during the invasion of [[w:Ancient Egypt|Egypt]] by {{w|Cambyses II}}.<ref name="Historical Development of the Pipeline as a Mode of Transportation"/> ||
 +
|-
 +
| 480 BC–67 BC || Material || Water || The [[w:Classical Greece|Hellenes]] use pipes of lead and bronze to distribute water.<ref name="The Historical Development of Sewers Worldwide"/> || {{w|Greece}}
 +
|-
 +
| 400 BC || Material || Natural gas || Bamboo pipes are used to transmit natural gas to light {{w|Beijing}}.<ref name="Pipeline technology">{{cite web|title=Pipeline technology|url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/pipeline-technology|website=britannica.com|accessdate=18 August 2017}}</ref> || {{w|China}}
 +
|-
 +
| 1830s || Material || || Iron pipes for other uses other than oil transportation already operate in the {{w|United States}}.<ref name="The History of Pipelines"/> || {{w|United States}}
 +
|-
 +
| 1840s || Material || || Cast-iron pipes come into common use, providing resistance to corrosion better than steel pipes, and being therefore frequently used underground.<ref name="pipe fact monster"/>
 +
|-
 +
| 1859 || Background || Oil || The first commercial oil well in the {{w|United States}} is drilled by “Colonel” Edwin Drake in {{w|Titusville, Pennsylvania}}. Soon after, the use of pipe for oil transportation starts in the country.<ref name="The History of Pipelines">{{cite web|title=The History of Pipelines|url=http://www.pipeline101.org/The-History-of-Pipelines|website=pipeline101.org|accessdate=17 August 2017}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 +
|-
 +
| 1860s || Policy || || Quality control of pipe manufacturing develops as the pipeline business grows. Also, the type of metal for pipes improves from wrought iron to steel.<ref name="The History of Pipelines"/> || {{w|United States}}
 +
|-
 +
| 1861 || Material || Oil || The first crude oil pipeline is constructed of wood in the United States.<ref name="Historical Development of the Pipeline as a Mode of Transportation"/> || {{w|United States}}
 +
|-
 +
| 1862–1863 || Pipeline || Oil || {{w|Pennsylvania}} oilman J.L. Hutchinson attempts to build a pipeline, running over a hill, to a refinery, and working on the principle of a siphon: as long as the outlet is lower than the inlet, liquid flows. The pipe wouldn't work for not being airtight. Over the next year Hutchinson tries again, building a 2-mile line. Although leaking, the combination of pumps and pipes manage to work well enough to be considered a success.<ref name="How the Oil Pipeline Began">{{cite web|last1=Waldman|first1=Jonathan|title=How the Oil Pipeline Began|url=http://nautil.us/issue/50/emergence/how-the-oil-pipeline-began|website=nautil.us|accessdate=18 August 2017}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 +
|-
 +
| 1863 || || || Russian chemist {{w|Dmitri Mendeleev}} proposes the idea of using a pipeline to transfer oil and products of oil refining.<ref name="At the roots of innovations">{{cite web|title=Pipelines History|url=http://www.en.transneft.ru/about/story/|website=transneft.ru|accessdate=18 August 2017}}</ref> || {{w|Russia}}
 +
|-
 +
| 1865 || Pipeline || Oil || An early modern oil pipeline is built in {{w|Pennsylvania}} by S. F. Karns to counteract the high transport cost imposed by teamsters who haul oil over a five–mile route for US$3 a barrel.<ref name="Historical Development of the Pipeline as a Mode of Transportation"/> || {{w|United States}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 5000 BC || || {{w|Bamboo}} pipes are used in {{w|China}} to carry water.<ref name="Historical Development of the Pipeline as a Mode of Transportation"/><ref name="pipe fact monster"/> || {{w|China}}
+
| 1872 || Statistics || Oil || 1,200 wells in the {{w|Pennsylvania}} region produce 6 million barrels of oil a year, all of it gathered through pipelines.<ref name="How the Oil Pipeline Began"/> || {{w|United States}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 4000 BC || || The origin of the earliest known pipe in {{w|Babylonia}} is documented as one of the first places to mold clay into pipe (via potter’s wheel). Tees and angle joints are produced and then baked to make drainage pipe.<ref name="The Historical Development of Sewers Worldwide">{{cite journal|last1=De Feo|first1=Giovanni|last2=Antoniou|first2=George|last3=Fardin|first3=Hilal Franz|last4=El-Gohary|first4=Fatma|last5=Zheng|first5=Xiao Yun|last6=Reklaityte|first6=Ieva|last7=Butler|first7=David|last8=Yannopoulos|first8=Stavros|last9=Angelakis|first9=Andreas N.|title=The Historical Development of Sewers Worldwide|doi=10.3390/su6063936|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263278132_The_Historical_Development_of_Sewers_Worldwide|accessdate=22 August 2017}}</ref>  ||
+
| 1878 || Pipeline || Oil || The first pipeline is put into operation in {{w|Russia}}, for carrying oil.<ref name="At the roots of innovations"/> || {{w|Russia}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 3200 BC–2300 BC || || In the {{w|Minoan civilization}} several types of stone and terracotta conduits and pipes are used to transfer water, and drain stormwater and wastewater.<ref name="The Historical Development of Sewers Worldwide"/> Clay pipes transport water and drainage system develops, working with the natural gradations of the terrain, to manage sewage and water overflow.<ref name="History of Plumbing Systems">{{cite web|title=History of Plumbing Systems|url=http://www.homeadvisor.com/r/history-of-plumbing/#.WYeNNlGkqUk|website=homeadvisor.com|accessdate=6 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last2=Snyder|first2=Shane A.|date=9 September 2015|title=Wastewater Treatment and Reuse: Past, Present, and Future|url=http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/7/9/4887/htm|journal=Water|language=en|volume=7|issue=9|pages=4887–4895|doi=10.3390/w7094887|last1=Angelakis|first1=Andreas N.}}</ref>|| {{w|Greece}}
+
| 1880 || Pipeline || Oil || The Cleveland line pipeline is completed by American company {{w|Standard Oil}}, reducing shipping costs by more than half. At this time Standard Oil is building its own pipelines towards its refineries in the United States.<ref name="Zrinski"/> || {{w|United States}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 3000 BC || || The first metal pipes of {{w|copper}} are made in Egypt.<ref name="pipe fact monster">{{cite web|title=pipe|url=https://www.factmonster.com/encyclopedia/science-and-technology/technology/technology-terms-and-concepts/pipe|website=factmonster.com|accessdate=18 August 2017}}</ref> || {{w|Egypt}}
+
| 1882 || Statistics || || American magnate {{w|John D. Rockefeller}} controlls 3,000 miles of pipelines.<ref name="Zrinski"/> || {{w|United States}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2500 BC || || In [[w:Ancient Egypt|Egypt]], {{w|copper}} pipes are used to build elaborate bathrooms inside the pyramids and intricate irrigation and sewages systems.<ref name="The Historical Development of Sewers Worldwide"/> || {{w|Egypt}}
+
| 1905 || || Oil ||Crude oil pipelines start carrying oil from the [[w:Oil field|fields]] in {{w|Texas}}, {{w|Oklahoma}} and {{w|Kansas}} to the refineries in the [[w:Eastern United States|East]].<ref name="The History of Pipelines 1900-1950">{{cite web|title=The History of Pipelines|url=http://www.pipeline101.org/The-History-of-Pipelines/1900-1950|website=pipeline101.org|accessdate=17 August 2017}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 525 BC || || A long distance pipeline made out of ox–hides sewn together is laid across the desert to supply water to the Persian forces during the invasion of [[w:Ancient Egypt|Egypt]] by {{w|Cambyses II}}.<ref name="Historical Development of the Pipeline as a Mode of Transportation"/> ||  
+
| 1906 || Pipeline || {{w|Kerosene}}, {{w|crude oil}} || The [[w:Baku–Batumi pipeline:Baku–Batumi fuel line]] is the first trunk pipeline built in the {{w|Russian Empire}}. At the time, it is the world’s largest system with 882 km length, 204 mm diameter and a capacity of 900 thousand tons per year.<ref name="At the roots of innovations"/> || {{w|Azerbaijan}}, {{w|Georgia}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 480 BC–67 BC || || The [[w:Classical Greece|Hellenes]] use pipes of lead and bronze to distribute water.<ref name="The Historical Development of Sewers Worldwide"/> || {{w|Greece}}
+
| 1906 || Policy || || The {{w|Hepburn Act}} in the United States makes interstate pipelines common carriers that are required to offer their services at equal cost to all shippers.<ref name="The History of Pipelines 1900-1950"/> || {{w|United States}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 400 BC || || Bamboo pipes are used to transmit natural gas to light {{w|Beijing}}.<ref name="Pipeline technology">{{cite web|title=Pipeline technology|url=https://www.britannica.com/technology/pipeline-technology|website=britannica.com|accessdate=18 August 2017}}</ref> || {{w|China}}
+
| 1912 || Pipeline || Natural gas || A 275 Km {{w|natural gas}} pipeline is built by the Canadian Western Natural Gas from {{w|Bow Island}}, {{w|Alberta}}, to {{w|Calgary}}.<ref name="How long has the pipeline industry been around?"/> || {{w|Canada}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1830s || || Iron pipes for other uses other than oil transportation already operate in the {{w|United States}}.<ref name="The History of Pipelines"/> || {{w|United States}}
+
| 1914 || Statistics || Oil || Three trunk pipelines operate in Russia: {{w|Maykop}} – {{w|Krasnodar}}, {{w|Kaluzhskaya}} – {{w|Afipskaya}} and {{w|Makhachkala}} – {{w|Groznyi}}.<ref name="At the roots of innovations"/> || {{w|Russia}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1840s || || Cast-iron pipes come into common use, providing resistance to corrosion better than steel pipes, and being therefore frequently used underground.<ref name="pipe fact monster"/>
+
| 1917 || Statistics || || The total extent of pipes in Russia equals to 1100 kilometers, with no further extension for over a decade.<ref name="At the roots of innovations"/> || {{w|Russia}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1859 || || The first commercial oil well in the {{w|United States}} is drilled by “Colonel” Edwin Drake in {{w|Titusville, Pennsylvania}}. Soon after, the use of pipe for oil transportation starts in the country.<ref name="The History of Pipelines">{{cite web|title=The History of Pipelines|url=http://www.pipeline101.org/The-History-of-Pipelines|website=pipeline101.org|accessdate=17 August 2017}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
+
| 1920s || Statistics || || The total pipeline mileage in the United States grows to over 115,000 miles, driven by the growth of the automobile industry.<ref name="The History of Pipelines 1900-1950"/> || {{w|United States}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1860s || || Quality control of pipe manufacturing develops as the pipeline business grows. Also, the type of metal for pipes improves from wrought iron to steel.<ref name="The History of Pipelines"/> || {{w|United States}}
+
| 1923 || Pipeline || Natural gas || A 124 kilometres natural gas pipeline and 129 kilometres of distribution pipeline are built by Northwestern Utilities Company Limited from {{w|Viking, Alberta}} to {{w|Edmonton}}.<ref name="How long has the pipeline industry been around?">{{cite web|title=How long has the pipeline industry been around?|url=https://www.aboutpipelines.com/en/pipeline-101/pipeline-history/|website=aboutpipelines.com|accessdate=18 August 2017}}</ref> || {{w|Canada}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1861 || || The first crude oil pipeline is constructed of wood in the United States.<ref name="Historical Development of the Pipeline as a Mode of Transportation"/> || {{w|United States}}
+
| 1928 || Pipeline || || Construction of large pipeline system in the {{w|USSR}} is resumed, when the {{w|Groznyi}} – {{w|Tuapse}} pipeline (250 mm in diameter, 618 km long) is put into operation.<ref name="At the roots of innovations"/> || {{w|Russia}}  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1862–1863 || || {{w|Pennsylvania}} oilman J.L. Hutchinson attempts to build a pipeline, running over a hill, to a refinery, and working on the principle of a siphon: as long as the outlet is lower than the inlet, liquid flows. The pipe wouldn't work for not being airtight. Over the next year Hutchinson tries again, building a 2-mile line. Although leaking, the combination of pumps and pipes manage to work well enough to be considered a success.<ref name="How the Oil Pipeline Began">{{cite web|last1=Waldman|first1=Jonathan|title=How the Oil Pipeline Began|url=http://nautil.us/issue/50/emergence/how-the-oil-pipeline-began|website=nautil.us|accessdate=18 August 2017}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
+
| 1936 || Pipeline || Crude oil || The {{w|Ishimbay}}–{{w|Ufa}} pipeline (166 km long, 300 mm in diameter) is put in operation, ensuring a non-stop crude oil supply to the Ufa oil refinery.<ref name="At the roots of innovations"/> || {{w|Russia}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1863 || || Russian chemist {{w|Dmitri Mendeleev}} proposes the idea of using a pipeline to transfer oil and products of oil refining.<ref name="At the roots of innovations">{{cite web|title=Pipelines History|url=http://www.en.transneft.ru/about/story/|website=transneft.ru|accessdate=18 August 2017}}</ref> || {{w|Russia}}
+
| 1954 || || || Indiana Standard pipeline company [[w:Amoco|Stanolind]], becomes the largest liquid pipeline carrier in North America, a position it would hold until the Enbridge expansion.<ref name="The History of Pipelines 1950-present">{{cite web|title=The History of Pipelines|url=http://www.pipeline101.org/The-History-of-Pipelines/1950-Present|website=pipeline101.org|accessdate=17 August 2017}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1865 || || An early modern oil pipeline is built in {{w|Pennsylvania}} by S. F. Karns to counteract the high transport cost imposed by teamsters who haul oil over a five–mile route for US$3 a barrel.<ref name="Historical Development of the Pipeline as a Mode of Transportation"/> || {{w|United States}}
+
| 1955 || Material || || Ductile cast-iron pipe becomes the industry standard, being used in water distribution systems. It becomes the industry standard for metal due to its superior strength, durability, and reliability over cast iron. The pipe is used to transport potable water, sewage, and fuel, and is also used in fire-fighting systems.<ref name="Water Supply and Distribution Timeline">{{cite web|title=Water Supply and Distribution Timeline|url=http://www.greatachievements.org/?id=3610|website=greatachievements.org|accessdate=8 August 2017}}</ref> ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1872 || Statistics || 1,200 wells in the {{w|Pennsylvania}} region produce 6 million barrels of oil a year, all of it gathered through pipelines.<ref name="How the Oil Pipeline Began"/> || {{w|United States}}
+
| 1957 || Pipeline || Natural gas || {{w|TransCanada pipeline}} begins construction on a natural gas pipeline across Canada. {{w|Natural gas}} transportation begins  from northeastern British Columbia to the BC/US border. The TransCanada Pipeline’s {{w|Alberta}} system also begins operations."<ref name="How long has the pipeline industry been around?"/><ref name="Transmission Pipeline Calculations and Simulations Manual">{{cite book|last1=Menon|first1=Shashi|title=Transmission Pipeline Calculations and Simulations Manual|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=lPtDBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA8&lpg=PA8&dq=%22in+1957%22+%22TransCanada+pipeline%22&source=bl&ots=WWk3uVsHiG&sig=3mPjCeQyE6TTcTHlq1GKSKjK390&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj4v56KnfHVAhUBm5AKHfkyBFUQ6AEIPzAE#v=onepage&q=%22in%201957%22%20%22TransCanada%20pipeline%22&f=false|accessdate=25 August 2017}}</ref> || {{w|Canada}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1878 || || The first pipeline is put into operation in {{w|Russia}}, for carrying oil.<ref name="At the roots of innovations"/> || {{w|Russia}}
+
| 1956 || Pipeline || {{w|Milk}} || Pipelines are successfully used to transport milk in parts of {{w|Switzerland}}.<ref name="Historical Development of the Pipeline as a Mode of Transportation">{{cite web|title=Historical Development of the Pipeline as a Mode of Transportation|url=http://gammathetaupsilon.org/the-geographical-bulletin/2000s/volume43-2/article4.pdf|website=gammathetaupsilon.org|accessdate=18 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Swiss use hose to transport milk down mountainside in 1956|url=http://www.gettyimages.co.uk/detail/video/swiss-use-pipeline-to-deliver-milk-superimposed-over-news-footage/507264760|website=gettyimages.co.uk|accessdate=27 August 2017}}</ref> || {{w|Switzerland}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1880 || || The Cleveland line pipeline is completed by American company {{w|Standard Oil}}, reducing shipping costs by more than half. At this time Standard Oil is building its own pipelines towards its refineries in the United States.<ref name="Zrinski"/> || {{w|United States}}
+
| 1970 || Pipeline || {{w|Coal slurry}} || The Black Mesa pipeline is built in the United States. The 18-inch pipeline transports 4.8 million tons of coal per year from [[w:Black Mesa (Apache-Navajo Counties, Arizona)|Black Mesa]], {{w|Arizona}}, to southern {{w|Nevada}}, over a distance of 273 miles. It is the longest coal-slurry pipeline in the world.<ref name="Pipeline technology"/> || {{w|United States}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1882 || || American magnate {{w|John D. Rockefeller}} controlls 3,000 miles of pipelines.<ref name="Zrinski"/> || {{w|United States}}
+
| 1973 || Pipeline || Oil || The construction of the [[w:Alexandrovskoye, Stavropol Krai|Aleksandrovskoye]]–{{w|Anzhero-Sudzhensk}} oil pipeline, with the diameter of 1220 mm and with the extent of 817 km, is completed. Western Siberia becomes the leader in the USSR in oil production.<ref name="At the roots of innovations"/> || {{w|Russia}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1905 || || Crude oil pipelines start carrying oil from the [[w:Oil field|fields]] in {{w|Texas}}, {{w|Oklahoma}} and {{w|Kansas}} to the refineries in the [[w:Eastern United States|East]].<ref name="The History of Pipelines 1900-1950">{{cite web|title=The History of Pipelines|url=http://www.pipeline101.org/The-History-of-Pipelines/1900-1950|website=pipeline101.org|accessdate=17 August 2017}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
+
| 1977 || Pipeline || || The [[w:Trans-Alaska Pipeline System|Trans-Alaska Pipeline]] is completed.<ref name="The History of Pipelines 1950-present"/> || {{w|United States}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1906 || || The {{w|Baku}}–{{w|Batumi}} fuel line is the first trunk pipeline built in the {{w|Russian Empire}}. At the time, it is the world’s largest system with 882 km length, 204 mm diameter and a capacity of 900 thousand tons per year.<ref name="At the roots of innovations"/> || {{w|Azerbaijan}}, {{w|Georgia}}
+
| 1983 || Pipeline || Natural gas || The 2475 km long Trans–Mediterranean natural gas pipeline is built to transport natural gas from Algeria to Italy via Tunisia. It has the capacity to deliver 30.2 bcm/y of natural gas.<ref name="Transmission Pipeline Calculations and Simulations Manual"/> || {{w|Algeria}}, {{w|Italy}}, {{w|Tunisia}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1906 || Policy || The {{w|Hepburn Act}} in the United States makes interstate pipelines common carriers that are required to offer their services at equal cost to all shippers.<ref name="The History of Pipelines 1900-1950"/> || {{w|United States}}
+
| 1991 || || || A Capsule Pipeline Research Center is established at the {{w|University of Missouri}} in [[w:Columbia, Missouri|Columbia]], jointly funded by industry and the government.<ref name="Pipeline technology"/> || {{w|United States}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1912 || || A 275 Km {{w|natural gas}} pipeline is built by the Canadian Western Natural Gas from {{w|Bow Island}}, {{w|Alberta}}, to {{w|Calgary}}.<ref name="How long has the pipeline industry been around?"/> || {{w|Canada}}
+
| 1992 || Policy || Oil || The {{w|United States Congress}} passes the [[w:Energy Policy Act of 1992|Energy Policy Act]] (EPAct), requiring {{w|Federal Energy Regulatory Commission}} to establish a "simplified and generally applicable" ratemaking methodology for oil pipelines. In response, the FERC would issue a rulemaking in which it adopts the industrywide oil pipeline rate indexing methodology, which is the most frequently used approach to set oil pipeline rates.<ref name="The History of Pipelines 1950-present"/> || {{w|United states}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1914 || || Three trunk pipelines operate in Russia: {{w|Maykop}} – {{w|Krasnodar}}, {{w|Kaluzhskaya}} – {{w|Afipskaya}} and {{w|Makhachkala}} – {{w|Groznyi}}.<ref name="At the roots of innovations"/> || {{w|Russia}}
+
| 1993 || Organization || || The Canadian Energy Pipeline Association is founded.<ref name="How long has the pipeline industry been around?"/> || {{w|Canada}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1917 || || The total extent of pipes in Russia equals to 1100 kilometers, with no further extension for over a decade.<ref name="At the roots of innovations"/> || {{w|Russia}}  
+
| 1997 || Pipeline || Natural gas || The 463 km long {{w|GasAndes Pipeline}} is commissioned. With a diameter of 610 mm and an annual capacity of 3.3 bcm, it is supplied mainly from the Neuquén gas fields.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Menon|first1=Shashi|title=Transmission Pipeline Calculations and Simulations Manual|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=lPtDBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA8&lpg=PA8&dq=%22in+1957%22+%22TransCanada+pipeline%22&source=bl&ots=WWk3uVsHiG&sig=3mPjCeQyE6TTcTHlq1GKSKjK390&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj4v56KnfHVAhUBm5AKHfkyBFUQ6AEIPzAE#v=onepage&q=%22in%201957%22%20%22TransCanada%20pipeline%22&f=false|accessdate=26 August 2017}}</ref> || {{w|Argentina}}, {{w|Chile}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1920s || Statistics || The total pipeline mileage in the United States grows to over 115,000 miles, driven by the growth of the automobile industry.<ref name="The History of Pipelines 1900-1950"/> || {{w|United States}}
+
| 2000 || Pipeline || Natural gas || The 3150 km long [[w:GASBOL|Bolivia–Brazil pipeline]] (GASBOL) is completed. It is the longest natural gas pipeline in South America, having a total cost of US$ 2.15 billion, of which US$ 1.72 billion is spent on the Brazilian section and US$ 435 million on the Bolivian section.<ref name="Transmission Pipeline Calculations and Simulations Manual"/> || {{w|Bolivia}}. {{w|Brazil}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1923 || || A 124 kilometres natural gas pipeline and 129 kilometres of distribution pipeline are built by Northwestern Utilities Company Limited from {{w|Viking, Alberta}} to {{w|Edmonton}}.<ref name="How long has the pipeline industry been around?">{{cite web|title=How long has the pipeline industry been around?|url=https://www.aboutpipelines.com/en/pipeline-101/pipeline-history/|website=aboutpipelines.com|accessdate=18 August 2017}}</ref> || {{w|Canada}}
+
| 2001 || Pipeline || Oil || The {{w|Baltic Pipeline System}} (BPS) is created for oil transportation. The BPS transports oil from the {{w|Timan-Pechora}} region, [[w:Siberia|West Siberia]] and [[w:Ural (region)|Urals]]-[[w:Volga Federal District|Volga]] regions to [[w:Primorsk, Leningrad Oblast|Primorsk]] oil terminal at the eastern part of the {{w|Gulf of Finland}}.<ref name="At the roots of innovations"/> ||  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1928 || || Construction of large pipeline systems in the {{w|USSR}} is resumed, when the {{w|Groznyi}} – {{w|Tuapse}} pipeline (250 mm in diameter, 618 km long) is put into operation.<ref name="At the roots of innovations"/> || {{w|Russia}}  
+
| 2005 || Pipeline || Natural gas || The 4196 km long {{w|Yamal–Europe pipeline}} reaches full capacity. It connects the natural gas fields in Western Siberia with Germany. The pipeline has a capacity of 33 bcm of natural gas per annum. The diameter of the pipeline is 1420 mm.<ref name="Transmission Pipeline Calculations and Simulations Manual"/> || {{w|Russia}}, {{w|Poland}}, {{w|Germany}}, {{w|Belarus}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1936 || || The {{w|Ishimbay}}–{{w|Ufa}} pipeline (166 km long, 300 mm in diameter) is put in operation, ensuring a non-stop crude oil supply to the Ufa oil refinery.<ref name="At the roots of innovations"/> || {{w|Russia}}
+
| 2005 || Pipeline || Natural gas || The 935 km long  [[w:Shaan–Jing pipeline|Parallel Shaan-Jing Pipeline]] is completed and put into operation. The pipeline is supplied from the {{w|Sulige Gas Field}} and it starts from the gas processing plant {{w|Yulin}}, {{w|Shaanxi}}. The pipeline runs via {{w|Shijiazhuang}} to {{w|Beijing}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=CASES|url=http://www.petrobest.com/en/success_info.php?cid=27|website=petrobest.com|accessdate=27 August 2017}}</ref> || {{w|China}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1954 || || Indiana Standard pipeline company [[w:Amoco|Stanolind]], becomes the largest liquid pipeline carrier in North America, a position it would hold until the Enbridge expansion.<ref name="The History of Pipelines 1950-present">{{cite web|title=The History of Pipelines|url=http://www.pipeline101.org/The-History-of-Pipelines/1950-Present|website=pipeline101.org|accessdate=17 August 2017}}</ref> || {{w|United States}}
+
| 2005 || Pipeline || Natural gas || The The 886 km long Ji–Ning branch of the {{w|West–East Gas Pipeline}} becomes fully operational.<ref name="Transmission Pipeline Calculations and Simulations Manual"/> || {{w|China}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1955 || || Ductile cast-iron pipe becomes the industry standard, being used in water distribution systems. It becomes the industry standard for metal due to its superior strength, durability, and reliability over cast iron. The pipe is used to transport potable water, sewage, and fuel, and is also used in fire-fighting systems.<ref name="Water Supply and Distribution Timeline">{{cite web|title=Water Supply and Distribution Timeline|url=http://www.greatachievements.org/?id=3610|website=greatachievements.org|accessdate=8 August 2017}}</ref> ||
+
| 2010 || Pipeline || Natural gas || The construction of the first 1,360 km section of the {{w|Sichuan–Shanghai gas pipeline}} from {{w|Yichang}} in {{w|Hubei Province}} to Shanghai is completed.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sinopec starts up Sichuan-East China gas project|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/china-sinopec-gas-idUSTOE62T01I20100330|accessdate=27 August 2017|agency=Reuters}}</ref> || {{w|China}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1957 || || {{w|TransCanada pipeline}} begins construction on a natural gas pipeline across Canada. {{w|Natural gas}} transportation begins  from northeastern British Columbia to the BC/US border. The TransCanada Pipeline’s {{w|Alberta}} system also begins operations."<ref name="How long has the pipeline industry been around?"/><ref name="Transmission Pipeline Calculations and Simulations Manual">{{cite book|last1=Menon|first1=Shashi|title=Transmission Pipeline Calculations and Simulations Manual|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=lPtDBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA8&lpg=PA8&dq=%22in+1957%22+%22TransCanada+pipeline%22&source=bl&ots=WWk3uVsHiG&sig=3mPjCeQyE6TTcTHlq1GKSKjK390&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj4v56KnfHVAhUBm5AKHfkyBFUQ6AEIPzAE#v=onepage&q=%22in%201957%22%20%22TransCanada%20pipeline%22&f=false|accessdate=25 August 2017}}</ref> || {{w|Canada}}
+
|}
 +
 
 +
== Numerical and visual data  ==
 +
 
 +
=== Google Scholar ===
 +
 
 +
The following table summarizes per-year mentions on Google Scholar as of October 20, 2021.
 +
 
 +
{| class="sortable wikitable"
 +
! Year
 +
! "pipeline transport"
 +
|-
 +
| 1950 || 1
 +
|-
 +
| 1955 || 4
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1959? – 1962? || || Pipelines are successfully used to transport milk in parts of {{w|Switzerland}}.<ref name="Historical Development of the Pipeline as a Mode of Transportation">{{cite web|title=Historical Development of the Pipeline as a Mode of Transportation|url=http://gammathetaupsilon.org/the-geographical-bulletin/2000s/volume43-2/article4.pdf|website=gammathetaupsilon.org|accessdate=18 August 2017}}</ref> || {{w|Switzerland}} 
+
| 1960 || 9
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1970 || || The Black Mesa pipeline is built in the United States. The 18-inch pipeline transports 4.8 million tons of coal per year from [[w:Black Mesa (Apache-Navajo Counties, Arizona)|Black Mesa]], {{w|Arizona}}, to southern {{w|Nevada}}, over a distance of 273 miles. It is the longest coal-slurry pipeline in the world.<ref name="Pipeline technology"/> || {{w|United States}}
+
| 1965 || 14
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1973 || || The construction of the [[w:Alexandrovskoye, Stavropol Krai|Aleksandrovskoye]]–{{w|Anzhero-Sudzhensk}} oil pipeline, with the diameter of 1220 mm and with the extent of 817 km, is completed. Western Siberia becomes the leader in the USSR in oil production.<ref name="At the roots of innovations"/> || {{w|Russia}}
+
| 1970 || 33
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1977 || || The [[w:Trans-Alaska Pipeline System|Trans-Alaska Pipeline]] is completed.<ref name="The History of Pipelines 1950-present"/> || {{w|United States}}
+
| 1975 || 42
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1983 || || The 2475 km long Trans–Mediterranean natural gas pipeline is built to transport natural gas from Algeria to Italy via Tunisia. It has the capacity to deliver 30.2 bcm/y of natural gas.<ref name="Transmission Pipeline Calculations and Simulations Manual"/> || {{w|Algeria}}, {{w|Italy}}, {{w|Tunisia}}
+
| 1980 || 116
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1991 || || A Capsule Pipeline Research Center is established at the {{w|University of Missouri}} in [[w:Columbia, Missouri|Columbia]], jointly funded by industry and the government.<ref name="Pipeline technology"/> || {{w|United States}}
+
| 1985 || 128
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1992 || || The {{w|United States Congress}} passes the [[w:Energy Policy Act of 1992|Energy Policy Act]] (EPAct), requiring {{w|Federal Energy Regulatory Commission}} to establish a "simplified and generally applicable" ratemaking methodology for oil pipelines. In response, the FERC would issue a rulemaking in which it adopts the industrywide oil pipeline rate indexing methodology, which is the most frequently used approach to set oil pipeline rates.<ref name="The History of Pipelines 1950-present"/> || {{w|United states}}
+
| 1990 || 92
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1993 || Organization || The Canadian Energy Pipeline Association is founded.<ref name="How long has the pipeline industry been around?"/> || {{w|Canada}}
+
| 1995 || 116
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1997 || || The {{w|GasAndes Pipeline}} is commissioned. ||
+
| 2000 || 258 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2000 || || The 3150 km long [[w:GASBOL|Bolivia–Brazil pipeline]] (GASBOL) is completed. It is the longest natural gas pipeline in South America, having a total cost of US$ 2.15 billion, of which US$ 1.72 billion is spent on the Brazilian section and US$ 435 million on the Bolivian section.<ref name="Transmission Pipeline Calculations and Simulations Manual"/> || {{w|Bolivia}}. {{w|Brazil}}
+
| 2005 || 393 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2001 || || The Baltic Pipeline System (BPS) is created.<ref name="At the roots of innovations"/> ||  
+
| 2010 || 719
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2005 || || The 4196 km long {{w|Yamal–Europe pipeline}} reaches full capacity. It connects the natural gas fields in Western Siberia with Germany. The pipeline has a capacity of 33 bcm of natural gas per annum. The diameter of the pipeline is 1420 mm.<ref name="Transmission Pipeline Calculations and Simulations Manual"/> || {{w|Russia}}, {{w|Poland}}, {{w|Germany}}, {{w|Belarus}}
+
| 2015 || 1,110
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2014 || Statistics || Data gives a total of slightly less than 3,500,000 km of pipeline in 120 countries.<ref name="Pipelines CIA">{{cite web|title=Pipelines CIA|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2117.html|website=cia.gov|accessdate=18 August 2017}}</ref> The United States has 65%, Russia has 8%, and Canada has 3%, giving 75% of all pipelines in three countries.<ref name="Pipelines CIA"/> ||
+
| 2020 || 1,500
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
 +
 +
[[File:Pipeline transport gsch.png|thumb|center|700px]]
 +
 +
=== Google Trends ===
 +
 +
The chart below shows {{w|Google Trends}} data for Pipeline transport (Topic), from January 2004 to April 2021, when the screenshot was taken. Interest is also ranked by country and displayed on world map.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pipeline transport |url=https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=all&q=%2Fm%2F0dh21 |website=Google Trends |access-date=11 April 2021}}</ref>
 +
 +
[[File:Pipeline transport gt.png|thumb|center|600px]]
 +
 +
=== Google Ngram Viewer ===
 +
 +
The chart below shows {{w|Google Ngram Viewer}} data for Pipeline transport, from 1900 to 2019.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pipeline transport |url=https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Pipeline+transport&year_start=1900&year_end=2019&corpus=26&smoothing=3&case_insensitive=true |website=books.google.com |access-date=11 April 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
 +
 +
[[File:Pipeline transport ngram.png|thumb|center|700px]]
 +
 +
=== Wikipedia Views ===
 +
 +
The chart below shows pageviews of the English Wikipedia article {{w|Pipeline transport}}, on desktop from December 2007, and on mobile-web, desktop-spider, mobile-web-spider and mobile app, from July 2015; to March 2021. A data gap observed from October 2014 to May 2015 is the result of Wikipedia Views failure to retrieve data. A data gap on desktop observed from October 2014 to June 2015 is the result of Wikipedia Views failure to retrieve data.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pipeline transport |url=https://wikipediaviews.org/displayviewsformultiplemonths.php?page=Pipeline+transport&allmonths=allmonths&language=en&drilldown=all |website=wikipediaviews.org |access-date=11 April 2021}}</ref>
 +
 +
[[File:Pipeline transport wv.png|thumb|center|450px]]
  
 
==Meta information on the timeline==
 
==Meta information on the timeline==
Line 124: Line 194:
  
 
===What the timeline is still missing===
 
===What the timeline is still missing===
 +
* Visual data illustrating the pipeline network evolution at a worldwide level. Also more mention on important pipelines is needed.
 +
* {{w|Trans-Alaska Pipeline System}}
 +
* [http://edition.cnn.com/2017/11/16/us/keystone-pipeline-leak/index.html]
  
 
===Timeline update strategy===
 
===Timeline update strategy===

Latest revision as of 21:56, 25 March 2024

This is a timeline of pipeline transport, attempting to describe the evolution of pipelines mainly for urban and industrial purposes.

Big picture

Time period Development summary
Ancient times Early pipeline systems are built for water supply and sanitation purposes. Notable exceptions include bamboo pipes for gas transportation in China. Pipes made of clay or stone are widely used in Egypt, Mesopotamia and Rome.[1]
18th Century Cast-iron pipes are introduced commercially, as cast iron becomes relatively cheap.[2] This leads to a significant improvement in pipeline technology.[3]
19th Century The oil industry escalates, and also the need to be transported at constant and accessible way. The Steel pipe, a major milestone, is introduced, greatly increasing the strength of pipes of all sizes. The development of high-strength steel pipes makes possible the transport of natural gas and oil over long distances.[3] Cast-iron pipes come into common use in the 1840s.[2] The first natural-gas and petroleum pipelines in the United States are built around this epoch.[2] In the 1870s, pipeline technology improves with the introduction of subsurface cast-iron pipes.[4] Pneumatic tube networks gained in the late 19th through early 20th centuries for offices that need to transport small, urgent packages over relatively short distances in meters.
20th Century Steel pipe is introduced early in the century.[2] In the 1920s, the application of welding to join pipes make it possible to construct leakproof, high-pressure, large-diameter pipelines. Since the 1950s, the introduction of ductile iron and large-diameter concrete pressure pipes for water and the use of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe for sewers, prove to be major innovations.[3] From late 1950s to early 1960s, the largest Trans-Siberian trunk pipelines are built.[5]
Present time Today, the most important pipeline networks are meant to supply oil and natural gas. As of 2014, data gives a total of slightly less than 3,500,000 km of pipeline in 120 countries.[6] The United States has 65%, Russia has 8%, and Canada has 3%, giving 75% of all pipelines in three countries.[6]


Full timeline

The category material centers in the historical use of the material for pipes. Pipeline refers to the construction, existence or commissioning of important pipelines in the world. Statistics provides quantitative details with the purpose of illustrating the infraestructure development at the time. Background refers to important events within the context of pipeline development. Policy may refer to standard settings for the construction of pipelines.

Year Category Content supplied (when applicable) Event Country/location
5000 BC Material Water Bamboo pipes are used in China to carry water.[1][2] China
4000 BC Material Water, wastewater? The origin of the earliest known pipe in Babylonia is documented as one of the first places to mold clay into pipe (via potter’s wheel). Tees and angle joints are produced and then baked to make drainage pipe.[7]
3200 BC–2300 BC Material Water, wastewater In the Minoan civilization several types of stone and terracotta conduits and pipes are used to transfer water, and drain stormwater and wastewater.[7] Clay pipes transport water and drainage system develops, working with the natural gradations of the terrain, to manage sewage and water overflow.[8][9] Greece
3000 BC Material The first metal pipes of copper are made in Egypt.[2] Egypt
2500 BC Material Water, wastewater? In Egypt, copper pipes are used to build elaborate bathrooms inside the pyramids and intricate irrigation and sewages systems.[7] Egypt
525 BC Material Water A long distance pipeline made out of ox–hides sewn together is laid across the desert to supply water to the Persian forces during the invasion of Egypt by Cambyses II.[1]
480 BC–67 BC Material Water The Hellenes use pipes of lead and bronze to distribute water.[7] Greece
400 BC Material Natural gas Bamboo pipes are used to transmit natural gas to light Beijing.[3] China
1830s Material Iron pipes for other uses other than oil transportation already operate in the United States.[10] United States
1840s Material Cast-iron pipes come into common use, providing resistance to corrosion better than steel pipes, and being therefore frequently used underground.[2]
1859 Background Oil The first commercial oil well in the United States is drilled by “Colonel” Edwin Drake in Titusville, Pennsylvania. Soon after, the use of pipe for oil transportation starts in the country.[10] United States
1860s Policy Quality control of pipe manufacturing develops as the pipeline business grows. Also, the type of metal for pipes improves from wrought iron to steel.[10] United States
1861 Material Oil The first crude oil pipeline is constructed of wood in the United States.[1] United States
1862–1863 Pipeline Oil Pennsylvania oilman J.L. Hutchinson attempts to build a pipeline, running over a hill, to a refinery, and working on the principle of a siphon: as long as the outlet is lower than the inlet, liquid flows. The pipe wouldn't work for not being airtight. Over the next year Hutchinson tries again, building a 2-mile line. Although leaking, the combination of pumps and pipes manage to work well enough to be considered a success.[11] United States
1863 Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev proposes the idea of using a pipeline to transfer oil and products of oil refining.[5] Russia
1865 Pipeline Oil An early modern oil pipeline is built in Pennsylvania by S. F. Karns to counteract the high transport cost imposed by teamsters who haul oil over a five–mile route for US$3 a barrel.[1] United States
1872 Statistics Oil 1,200 wells in the Pennsylvania region produce 6 million barrels of oil a year, all of it gathered through pipelines.[11] United States
1878 Pipeline Oil The first pipeline is put into operation in Russia, for carrying oil.[5] Russia
1880 Pipeline Oil The Cleveland line pipeline is completed by American company Standard Oil, reducing shipping costs by more than half. At this time Standard Oil is building its own pipelines towards its refineries in the United States.[4] United States
1882 Statistics American magnate John D. Rockefeller controlls 3,000 miles of pipelines.[4] United States
1905 Oil Crude oil pipelines start carrying oil from the fields in Texas, Oklahoma and Kansas to the refineries in the East.[12] United States
1906 Pipeline Kerosene, crude oil The w:Baku–Batumi pipeline:Baku–Batumi fuel line is the first trunk pipeline built in the Russian Empire. At the time, it is the world’s largest system with 882 km length, 204 mm diameter and a capacity of 900 thousand tons per year.[5] Azerbaijan, Georgia
1906 Policy The Hepburn Act in the United States makes interstate pipelines common carriers that are required to offer their services at equal cost to all shippers.[12] United States
1912 Pipeline Natural gas A 275 Km natural gas pipeline is built by the Canadian Western Natural Gas from Bow Island, Alberta, to Calgary.[13] Canada
1914 Statistics Oil Three trunk pipelines operate in Russia: Maykop – Krasnodar, Kaluzhskaya – Afipskaya and Makhachkala – Groznyi.[5] Russia
1917 Statistics The total extent of pipes in Russia equals to 1100 kilometers, with no further extension for over a decade.[5] Russia
1920s Statistics The total pipeline mileage in the United States grows to over 115,000 miles, driven by the growth of the automobile industry.[12] United States
1923 Pipeline Natural gas A 124 kilometres natural gas pipeline and 129 kilometres of distribution pipeline are built by Northwestern Utilities Company Limited from Viking, Alberta to Edmonton.[13] Canada
1928 Pipeline Construction of large pipeline system in the USSR is resumed, when the Groznyi – Tuapse pipeline (250 mm in diameter, 618 km long) is put into operation.[5] Russia
1936 Pipeline Crude oil The Ishimbay–Ufa pipeline (166 km long, 300 mm in diameter) is put in operation, ensuring a non-stop crude oil supply to the Ufa oil refinery.[5] Russia
1954 Indiana Standard pipeline company Stanolind, becomes the largest liquid pipeline carrier in North America, a position it would hold until the Enbridge expansion.[14] United States
1955 Material Ductile cast-iron pipe becomes the industry standard, being used in water distribution systems. It becomes the industry standard for metal due to its superior strength, durability, and reliability over cast iron. The pipe is used to transport potable water, sewage, and fuel, and is also used in fire-fighting systems.[15]
1957 Pipeline Natural gas TransCanada pipeline begins construction on a natural gas pipeline across Canada. Natural gas transportation begins from northeastern British Columbia to the BC/US border. The TransCanada Pipeline’s Alberta system also begins operations."[13][16] Canada
1956 Pipeline Milk Pipelines are successfully used to transport milk in parts of Switzerland.[1][17] Switzerland
1970 Pipeline Coal slurry The Black Mesa pipeline is built in the United States. The 18-inch pipeline transports 4.8 million tons of coal per year from Black Mesa, Arizona, to southern Nevada, over a distance of 273 miles. It is the longest coal-slurry pipeline in the world.[3] United States
1973 Pipeline Oil The construction of the Aleksandrovskoye–Anzhero-Sudzhensk oil pipeline, with the diameter of 1220 mm and with the extent of 817 km, is completed. Western Siberia becomes the leader in the USSR in oil production.[5] Russia
1977 Pipeline The Trans-Alaska Pipeline is completed.[14] United States
1983 Pipeline Natural gas The 2475 km long Trans–Mediterranean natural gas pipeline is built to transport natural gas from Algeria to Italy via Tunisia. It has the capacity to deliver 30.2 bcm/y of natural gas.[16] Algeria, Italy, Tunisia
1991 A Capsule Pipeline Research Center is established at the University of Missouri in Columbia, jointly funded by industry and the government.[3] United States
1992 Policy Oil The United States Congress passes the Energy Policy Act (EPAct), requiring Federal Energy Regulatory Commission to establish a "simplified and generally applicable" ratemaking methodology for oil pipelines. In response, the FERC would issue a rulemaking in which it adopts the industrywide oil pipeline rate indexing methodology, which is the most frequently used approach to set oil pipeline rates.[14] United states
1993 Organization The Canadian Energy Pipeline Association is founded.[13] Canada
1997 Pipeline Natural gas The 463 km long GasAndes Pipeline is commissioned. With a diameter of 610 mm and an annual capacity of 3.3 bcm, it is supplied mainly from the Neuquén gas fields.[18] Argentina, Chile
2000 Pipeline Natural gas The 3150 km long Bolivia–Brazil pipeline (GASBOL) is completed. It is the longest natural gas pipeline in South America, having a total cost of US$ 2.15 billion, of which US$ 1.72 billion is spent on the Brazilian section and US$ 435 million on the Bolivian section.[16] Bolivia. Brazil
2001 Pipeline Oil The Baltic Pipeline System (BPS) is created for oil transportation. The BPS transports oil from the Timan-Pechora region, West Siberia and Urals-Volga regions to Primorsk oil terminal at the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland.[5]
2005 Pipeline Natural gas The 4196 km long Yamal–Europe pipeline reaches full capacity. It connects the natural gas fields in Western Siberia with Germany. The pipeline has a capacity of 33 bcm of natural gas per annum. The diameter of the pipeline is 1420 mm.[16] Russia, Poland, Germany, Belarus
2005 Pipeline Natural gas The 935 km long Parallel Shaan-Jing Pipeline is completed and put into operation. The pipeline is supplied from the Sulige Gas Field and it starts from the gas processing plant Yulin, Shaanxi. The pipeline runs via Shijiazhuang to Beijing.[19] China
2005 Pipeline Natural gas The The 886 km long Ji–Ning branch of the West–East Gas Pipeline becomes fully operational.[16] China
2010 Pipeline Natural gas The construction of the first 1,360 km section of the Sichuan–Shanghai gas pipeline from Yichang in Hubei Province to Shanghai is completed.[20] China

Numerical and visual data

Google Scholar

The following table summarizes per-year mentions on Google Scholar as of October 20, 2021.

Year "pipeline transport"
1950 1
1955 4
1960 9
1965 14
1970 33
1975 42
1980 116
1985 128
1990 92
1995 116
2000 258
2005 393
2010 719
2015 1,110
2020 1,500
Pipeline transport gsch.png

Google Trends

The chart below shows Google Trends data for Pipeline transport (Topic), from January 2004 to April 2021, when the screenshot was taken. Interest is also ranked by country and displayed on world map.[21]

Pipeline transport gt.png

Google Ngram Viewer

The chart below shows Google Ngram Viewer data for Pipeline transport, from 1900 to 2019.[22]

Pipeline transport ngram.png

Wikipedia Views

The chart below shows pageviews of the English Wikipedia article Pipeline transport, on desktop from December 2007, and on mobile-web, desktop-spider, mobile-web-spider and mobile app, from July 2015; to March 2021. A data gap observed from October 2014 to May 2015 is the result of Wikipedia Views failure to retrieve data. A data gap on desktop observed from October 2014 to June 2015 is the result of Wikipedia Views failure to retrieve data.[23]

Pipeline transport wv.png

Meta information on the timeline

How the timeline was built

The initial version of the timeline was written by User:Sebastian.

Funding information for this timeline is available.

What the timeline is still missing

  • Visual data illustrating the pipeline network evolution at a worldwide level. Also more mention on important pipelines is needed.
  • Trans-Alaska Pipeline System
  • [1]

Timeline update strategy

See also

External links

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 "Historical Development of the Pipeline as a Mode of Transportation" (PDF). gammathetaupsilon.org. Retrieved 18 August 2017. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 "pipe". factmonster.com. Retrieved 18 August 2017. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 "Pipeline technology". britannica.com. Retrieved 18 August 2017. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Zrinski, Tara M. "Pipelines By". philadelphiaencyclopedia.org. Retrieved 19 August 2017. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 "Pipelines History". transneft.ru. Retrieved 18 August 2017. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Pipelines CIA". cia.gov. Retrieved 18 August 2017. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 De Feo, Giovanni; Antoniou, George; Fardin, Hilal Franz; El-Gohary, Fatma; Zheng, Xiao Yun; Reklaityte, Ieva; Butler, David; Yannopoulos, Stavros; Angelakis, Andreas N. "The Historical Development of Sewers Worldwide". doi:10.3390/su6063936. Retrieved 22 August 2017. 
  8. ↑ "History of Plumbing Systems". homeadvisor.com. Retrieved 6 August 2017. 
  9. ↑ Angelakis, Andreas N.; Snyder, Shane A. (9 September 2015). "Wastewater Treatment and Reuse: Past, Present, and Future". Water. 7 (9): 4887–4895. doi:10.3390/w7094887. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 "The History of Pipelines". pipeline101.org. Retrieved 17 August 2017. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Waldman, Jonathan. "How the Oil Pipeline Began". nautil.us. Retrieved 18 August 2017. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 "The History of Pipelines". pipeline101.org. Retrieved 17 August 2017. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 "How long has the pipeline industry been around?". aboutpipelines.com. Retrieved 18 August 2017. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 "The History of Pipelines". pipeline101.org. Retrieved 17 August 2017. 
  15. ↑ "Water Supply and Distribution Timeline". greatachievements.org. Retrieved 8 August 2017. 
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 Menon, Shashi. Transmission Pipeline Calculations and Simulations Manual. Retrieved 25 August 2017. 
  17. ↑ "Swiss use hose to transport milk down mountainside in 1956". gettyimages.co.uk. Retrieved 27 August 2017. 
  18. ↑ Menon, Shashi. Transmission Pipeline Calculations and Simulations Manual. Retrieved 26 August 2017. 
  19. ↑ "CASES". petrobest.com. Retrieved 27 August 2017. 
  20. ↑ "Sinopec starts up Sichuan-East China gas project". Reuters. Retrieved 27 August 2017. 
  21. ↑ "Pipeline transport". Google Trends. Retrieved 11 April 2021. 
  22. ↑ "Pipeline transport". books.google.com. Retrieved 11 April 2021. 
  23. ↑ "Pipeline transport". wikipediaviews.org. Retrieved 11 April 2021. 
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