Difference between revisions of "Timeline of Oracle Corporation"

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This is a '''timeline of {{w|Oracle Corporation}}'''.
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This is a '''timeline of {{w|Oracle Corporation}}''', an American multinational computer technology corporation.
  
 
==Big picture==
 
==Big picture==
  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
−
! Time period !! Development summary !! More details
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! Time period !! Development summary  
 +
|-
 +
| 1970s || System Development Laboratories (the precursor to Oracle Corporation), is founded in the second half of the 1970s. The Oracle Relational Database Manager System (the first commercially available {{w|Relational database management system}}) is developed in the first years.<ref name="A Brief History of Oracle Corporation">{{cite web|title=A Brief History of Oracle Corporation|url=http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/RocelaAppManagement-1899220-brief-history-oracle-corporation/|website=authorstream.com|accessdate=29 May 2018}}</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| 1980s || Oracle begins the decade jousting with new entrants in the [[w:database|database-management system]] market. The company adopts officially the name Oracle after its flagship product, the Oracle database. The company's reputation for innovations and its aggressive advertising style, helps to push Oracle's sales upward.<ref name="Oracle Corporation encyclopedia.com">{{cite web|title=Oracle Corporation|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences-and-law/economics-business-and-labor/businesses-and-occupations/oracle-corp|website=encyclopedia.com|accessdate=29 May 2018}}</ref> In 1986 Oracle goes public on NASDAQ and launches its SQL *Star software. Oracle's customer base grows to include 2,000 mainframe and minicomputer users represented by major international firms operating in such fields as the aerospace, automotive, pharmaceutical, and computer manufacturing industries, as well as a variety of government organizations.<ref name="Oracle Corporation encyclopedia.com"/> By 1987, Oracle is confirmed as the world’s largest database management software company.<ref name="A Brief History of Oracle Corporation"/>
 +
|-
 +
| 1990s || Oracle nearly goes bankrupt early in the decade.<ref name="Tales in Tech History: Oracle"/> In 1991, the company experiences its first fiscal loss. In 1992 Nippon Steel Corporation buys a stake in Oracle Japan; and Oracle7 makes its debut. By mid-1994, Oracle's sales reach US$2 billion, with its consulting services accounted for a healthy 20 percent of sales.<ref name="Oracle Corporation encyclopedia.com"/> In 1997 [[w:network computer|Network Computer Inc.]] is established. In 1999 Oracle Japan goes public.<ref name="Oracle Corporation encyclopedia.com"/>
 +
|-
 +
| 2000s || In early 2000 Oracle establishes multiple joint ventures, including one with Texas-based Entrust Technologies, Inc. for a new database program called Oracle Advanced Security.<ref name="Oracle Corporation encyclopedia.com"/> In 2001, Oracle's database system is the first to pass nine industry standard security evaluations.<ref name="A Brief History of Oracle Corporation"/> In 2003, Oracle attempts a hostile takeover of rival PeopleSoft. In 2004, the US Department of Justice files multiple antitrust lawsuits to prevent Oracle's takeover of PeopleSoft. In 2009 Oracle acquires {{w|Sun Microsystems}}.
 +
|-
 +
| 2010s || Oracle starts the decade with a huge acquisition, after buying Sun Microsystems. As of 2017, Oracle has more than 430,000 customers and is present in 175 countries. The company has more than 138,000 employees.<ref name="Tales in Tech History: Oracle"/>
 
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|-
 
|}
 
|}
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==Full timeline==
 
==Full timeline==
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! Year !! Event type !! Details
 
! Year !! Event type !! Details
 
|-
 
|-
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| 1977 || || Software Development Laboratories is founded by {{w|Larry Ellison}} and {{w|Bob Miner}} and {{w|Ed Oates}}.<ref name="Oracle Corporation History">{{cite web|title=Oracle Corporation History|url=http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/oracle-corporation-history/|website=fundinguniverse.com|accessdate=21 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="Oracle Corporation britannica.com">{{cite web|title=Oracle Corporation|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Oracle-Corporation|website=britannica.com|accessdate=21 May 2018}}</ref>
+
| 1977 || || Software Development Laboratories (SDL) is founded by {{w|Larry Ellison}}, {{w|Bob Miner}} and {{w|Ed Oates}}.<ref name="Oracle Corporation History">{{cite web|title=Oracle Corporation History|url=http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/oracle-corporation-history/|website=fundinguniverse.com|accessdate=21 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="Oracle Corporation britannica.com">{{cite web|title=Oracle Corporation|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Oracle-Corporation|website=britannica.com|accessdate=21 May 2018}}</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1978 || || "The Oracle Relational Database Manager Program is developed."<ref name="Oracle Corporation History"/>
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| 1978 || || The Oracle Relational Database Manager Program is developed.<ref name="Oracle Corporation History"/>
 
|-
 
|-
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| 1979 || || Software Development Laboratories releases Oracle, the earliest commercial relational database program to use Structured Query Language (SQL). The program would quickly became popular, with the {{w|United States Air Force}} as the first costumer.<ref name="Oracle Corporation britannica.com"/>
+
| 1978 || || Software Development Laboratories is renamed Relational Software Inc. (RSI).<ref name="Tales in Tech History: Oracle">{{cite web|title=Tales in Tech History: Oracle|url=https://www.silicon.co.uk/data-storage/database/oracle-tech-history-222823|website=silicon.co.uk|accessdate=29 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="Partners Found Software Development Laboratories">{{cite web|title=Partners Found Software Development Laboratories|url=http://www.eweek.com/enterprise-apps/partners-found-software-development-laboratories|website=eweek.com|accessdate=21 May 2018}}</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1979 || || Software Development Laboratories is renamed Relational Software Inc. (RSI).<ref name="Partners Found Software Development Laboratories">{{cite web|title=Partners Found Software Development Laboratories|url=http://www.eweek.com/enterprise-apps/partners-found-software-development-laboratories|website=eweek.com|accessdate=21 May 2018}}</ref>
+
| 1979 || Product || RSI releases Oracle database, the earliest commercial relational database program to use Structured Query Language (SQL). The program would quickly became popular, with the {{w|United States Air Force}} as the first costumer.<ref name="Oracle Corporation britannica.com"/>
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 1979 || || Oracle V2 (Version 2) is introduced as the first commercially available SQL-based RDBMS.<ref name="1 Introduction to Oracle Database">{{cite web|title=1 Introduction to Oracle Database|url=https://docs.oracle.com/database/121/CNCPT/intro.htm#CNCPT88784|website=docs.oracle.com|accessdate=21 May 2018}}</ref>
 
| 1979 || || Oracle V2 (Version 2) is introduced as the first commercially available SQL-based RDBMS.<ref name="1 Introduction to Oracle Database">{{cite web|title=1 Introduction to Oracle Database|url=https://docs.oracle.com/database/121/CNCPT/intro.htm#CNCPT88784|website=docs.oracle.com|accessdate=21 May 2018}}</ref>
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| 1981 || || Relational Software Inc. begins developing tools for Oracle, including the Interactive Application Facility, a predecessor of Oracle Forms.<ref name="Oracle Milestones: From ZERO to HERO">{{cite web|title=Oracle Milestones: From ZERO to HERO|url=https://sshailesh.wordpress.com/2010/05/09/oracle-milestones-from-zero-to-hero/|website=sshailesh.wordpress.com|accessdate=22 May 2018}}</ref>
 
| 1981 || || Relational Software Inc. begins developing tools for Oracle, including the Interactive Application Facility, a predecessor of Oracle Forms.<ref name="Oracle Milestones: From ZERO to HERO">{{cite web|title=Oracle Milestones: From ZERO to HERO|url=https://sshailesh.wordpress.com/2010/05/09/oracle-milestones-from-zero-to-hero/|website=sshailesh.wordpress.com|accessdate=22 May 2018}}</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1982 || || Relational Software Inc. is renamed Oracle Systems, after its flagship product.<ref name="Partners Found Software Development Laboratories"/><ref name="Oracle Corporation britannica.com"/>
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| 1982 || Brand || Relational Software Inc. is renamed Oracle Systems Corp, after its flagship product.<ref name="Partners Found Software Development Laboratories"/><ref name="Oracle Corporation britannica.com"/><ref name="Tales in Tech History: Oracle"/>
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 1982 || International expansion || Oracle establishes its first international subsidiary, Oracle Denmark.<ref name="Oracle Corporation History"/>
 
| 1982 || International expansion || Oracle establishes its first international subsidiary, Oracle Denmark.<ref name="Oracle Corporation History"/>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1983 || || Oracle Version 3 becomes the first {{w|relational database management system}} to run on mainframes, minicomputers and PCs, giving customers the ability to use the software in almost any enterprise computing environment.<ref name="Partners Found Software Development Laboratories"/><ref>{{cite book|last1=Krishnan|first1=Sriram|title=Programming Windows Azure: Programming the Microsoft Cloud|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=ANqnTECyE9oC&pg=PA4&dq=%22in+1983+oracle%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi21Pep9JnbAhXBC5AKHU8QA-cQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%22in%201983%20oracle%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Malonis|first1=Jane A.|title=Gale encyclopedia of e-commerce|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=xkYOAQAAMAAJ&q=%22in+1983+oracle%22&dq=%22in+1983+oracle%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi21Pep9JnbAhXBC5AKHU8QA-cQ6AEIMjAC}}</ref>
+
| 1983 || Product || Oracle database Version 3 is released, becoming the first {{w|relational database management system}} to run on mainframes, minicomputers and PCs, giving customers the ability to use the software in almost any enterprise computing environment.<ref name="Partners Found Software Development Laboratories"/><ref>{{cite book|last1=Krishnan|first1=Sriram|title=Programming Windows Azure: Programming the Microsoft Cloud|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=ANqnTECyE9oC&pg=PA4&dq=%22in+1983+oracle%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi21Pep9JnbAhXBC5AKHU8QA-cQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%22in%201983%20oracle%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Malonis|first1=Jane A.|title=Gale encyclopedia of e-commerce|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=xkYOAQAAMAAJ&q=%22in+1983+oracle%22&dq=%22in+1983+oracle%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi21Pep9JnbAhXBC5AKHU8QA-cQ6AEIMjAC}}</ref> The new version features {{w|concurrency control}}, {{w|data distribution}}, and {{w|scalability}}.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1983 || || Oracle Systems becomes Oracle Corporation.<ref name="Oracle Corporation History"/>
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| 1983 || Brand || Oracle Systems becomes Oracle Corporation.<ref name="Oracle Corporation History"/>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1984 || Product || Oracle Version 4 is released. Oracle ports Oracle Database to the PC platform. The MS-DOS version (4.1.4) of Oracle runs in only 512K of memory.<ref name="Oracle Milestones: From ZERO to HERO"/>
+
| 1984 || Product || Oracle database Version 4 is released, featuring multiversion read consistency. Oracle ports Oracle Database to the PC platform. The MS-DOS version (4.1.4) of Oracle runs in only 512K of memory.<ref name="Oracle Milestones: From ZERO to HERO"/>
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 1984 || Revenue || Oracle's sales double to US$12.7 million.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Symonds|first1=Matthew|title=Softwar: An Intimate Portrait of Larry Ellison and Oracle|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=vTP4sUJukzgC&pg=PA69&dq=%22in+1984+oracle%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwje3OW275nbAhVFEJAKHcU7DyMQ6AEIKDAA}}</ref>
 
| 1984 || Revenue || Oracle's sales double to US$12.7 million.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Symonds|first1=Matthew|title=Softwar: An Intimate Portrait of Larry Ellison and Oracle|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=vTP4sUJukzgC&pg=PA69&dq=%22in+1984+oracle%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwje3OW275nbAhVFEJAKHcU7DyMQ6AEIKDAA}}</ref>
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| 1985 || International expansion || Oracle Canada is established.<ref>{{cite book|title=Blue Book of Canadian Business, 1993|publisher=Canadian Newspaper Services International|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=U_BACFuUuCMC&q=%22in+1985+oracle%22&dq=%22in+1985+oracle%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi624DT55nbAhWKGJAKHW8KCB8Q6AEIQDAE}}</ref>
 
| 1985 || International expansion || Oracle Canada is established.<ref>{{cite book|title=Blue Book of Canadian Business, 1993|publisher=Canadian Newspaper Services International|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=U_BACFuUuCMC&q=%22in+1985+oracle%22&dq=%22in+1985+oracle%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi624DT55nbAhWKGJAKHW8KCB8Q6AEIQDAE}}</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1985 || Product || Oracle Version 5 is released, one of the first {{w|relational database management system}}s to operate in client/server environments.<ref name="Oracle Milestones: From ZERO to HERO"/>
+
| 1985 || Product || Oracle database Version 5 is released, featuring support for [[w:Client-server computing | client/server computing]] and [[w:distributed database | distributed database systems]]. It is one of the first {{w|relational database management system}}s to operate in client/server environments.<ref name="Oracle Milestones: From ZERO to HERO"/>
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 1985 || International expansion || Oracle establishes a Japanese subsidiary.<ref>{{cite book|title=Look Japan, Issues 487-490; Issues 494-506|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=1DeQx3cy7n4C&q=%22in+1985+oracle%22&dq=%22in+1985+oracle%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi624DT55nbAhWKGJAKHW8KCB8Q6AEIPDAD}}</ref>
 
| 1985 || International expansion || Oracle establishes a Japanese subsidiary.<ref>{{cite book|title=Look Japan, Issues 487-490; Issues 494-506|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=1DeQx3cy7n4C&q=%22in+1985+oracle%22&dq=%22in+1985+oracle%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi624DT55nbAhWKGJAKHW8KCB8Q6AEIPDAD}}</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1986 (March) || || Oracle makes its first public offering of stock, selling one million common shares.<ref name="Oracle Corporation History"/>
+
| 1986 (March) || Financial || Oracle makes its first public offering of stock, selling one million common shares.<ref name="Oracle Corporation History"/>
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 1986 || Product || Oracle introduces the first clustered database solution called Oracle Parallel Server (OPS), with Oracle Version 5.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Vallath|first1=Murali|title=Oracle Real Application Clusters|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=HHd6LQaSsgUC&pg=PR13&dq=%22in+1986+oracle%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjq3KyE5pnbAhUGkJAKHQgmBPsQ6AEIMDAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201986%20oracle%22&f=false}}</ref>  
 
| 1986 || Product || Oracle introduces the first clustered database solution called Oracle Parallel Server (OPS), with Oracle Version 5.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Vallath|first1=Murali|title=Oracle Real Application Clusters|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=HHd6LQaSsgUC&pg=PR13&dq=%22in+1986+oracle%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjq3KyE5pnbAhUGkJAKHQgmBPsQ6AEIMDAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201986%20oracle%22&f=false}}</ref>  
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| 1986 || Userbase || Oracle's customer base grows to include 2,000 mainframe and minicomputer users represented by major international firms operating in such fields as the aerospace, automotive, pharmaceutical, and computer manufacturing industries, as well as a variety of government organizations.<ref name="Oracle Corporation History"/>
 
| 1986 || Userbase || Oracle's customer base grows to include 2,000 mainframe and minicomputer users represented by major international firms operating in such fields as the aerospace, automotive, pharmaceutical, and computer manufacturing industries, as well as a variety of government organizations.<ref name="Oracle Corporation History"/>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1986 || || Oracle expands its {{w|relational database management system}} product line and debuts another industry first, a distributed {{w|database management system}} based on the company's SQL*Star software.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kepos|first1=Paula|last2=Derdak|first2=Thomas|title=International Directory of Company Histories, Volume 6|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=2dS6AAAAIAAJ&q=%22in+1986+oracle%22&dq=%22in+1986+oracle%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjq3KyE5pnbAhUGkJAKHQgmBPsQ6AEIWjAI}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=International Directory of Company Histories, Volume 6|publisher=St. James Press|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=vj8kAQAAMAAJ&q=%22in+1986+oracle%22&dq=%22in+1986+oracle%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjq3KyE5pnbAhUGkJAKHQgmBPsQ6AEIVjAH}}</ref>  
+
| 1986 || Expansion || Oracle expands its {{w|relational database management system}} product line and debuts another industry first, a distributed {{w|database management system}} based on the company's SQL*Star software.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kepos|first1=Paula|last2=Derdak|first2=Thomas|title=International Directory of Company Histories, Volume 6|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=2dS6AAAAIAAJ&q=%22in+1986+oracle%22&dq=%22in+1986+oracle%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjq3KyE5pnbAhUGkJAKHQgmBPsQ6AEIWjAI}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=International Directory of Company Histories, Volume 6|publisher=St. James Press|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=vj8kAQAAMAAJ&q=%22in+1986+oracle%22&dq=%22in+1986+oracle%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjq3KyE5pnbAhUGkJAKHQgmBPsQ6AEIVjAH}}</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| 1986 || Growth || Oracle's year annual sales more than double since the previous year, to a record US$55.4 million.<ref name="Oracle Corporation encyclopedia.com"/>  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 1987 || Growth || Oracle becomes the largest database management company in the world.<ref name="Oracle Corporation History"/><ref name="Oracle Corporation britannica.com"/>
 
| 1987 || Growth || Oracle becomes the largest database management company in the world.<ref name="Oracle Corporation History"/><ref name="Oracle Corporation britannica.com"/>
 
|-
 
|-
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| 1988 || Product || Oracle Version 6 is released, featuring major advances: Row-level locking allows multiple users to work in the same table, by processing only the specific data used in a transaction. Hot backup reduces system maintenance overhead, by allowing employees to continue working in the system while administrators duplicate and archive data. PL/SQL enables users to process data while it remains in the database.<ref name="Oracle Milestones: From ZERO to HERO"/>
+
| 1988 || Product || Oracle database Version 6 is released, featuring major advances: Row-level locking allows multiple users to work in the same table, by processing only the specific data used in a transaction. Hot backup reduces system maintenance overhead, by allowing employees to continue working in the system while administrators duplicate and archive data. PL/SQL enables users to process data while it remains in the database.<ref name="Oracle Milestones: From ZERO to HERO"/>
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 1989 || Facility || Oracle's new world headquarters opens in {{w|Redwood Shores}}, {{w|California}}.<ref name="Oracle Milestones: From ZERO to HERO"/>
 
| 1989 || Facility || Oracle's new world headquarters opens in {{w|Redwood Shores}}, {{w|California}}.<ref name="Oracle Milestones: From ZERO to HERO"/>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1990 || || Oracle Applications Release 8 is launched, including accounting programs designed for the emerging client/server computing environment.<ref name="Oracle Milestones: From ZERO to HERO"/>
+
| 1990 || Product || Oracle Applications Release 8 is launched, including accounting programs designed for the emerging client/server computing environment.<ref name="Oracle Milestones: From ZERO to HERO"/>
 +
|-
 +
| 1990 (April) || Legal || A dozen shareholders bring suit against Oracle, charging the company has made false and misleading earnings forecasts. Oracle announces it would conduct an internal audit and immediately restructured its management team with Lawrence Ellison assuming the additional post of chairman, with Donald L. Lucas remaining as a director.<ref name="Oracle Corporation History"/>  
 
|-
 
|-
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| 1990 (April) || || A dozen shareholders bring suit against Oracle, charging the company has made false and misleading earnings forecasts. Oracle announces it would conduct an internal audit and immediately restructured its management team with Lawrence Ellison assuming the additional post of chairman, with Donald L. Lucas remaining as a director.<ref name="Oracle Corporation History"/>  
+
| 1990 || Recognition || Oracle Chief Executive Officer {{w|Larry Ellison}} is lauded for his accomplishments, being named Entrepreneur of the Year for 1990 by the {{w|Harvard School of Business}}.<ref name="Oracle Corporation encyclopedia.com"/>  
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 1991 || Revenue || Oracle experiences its first fiscal loss.<ref name="Oracle Corporation History"/>
 
| 1991 || Revenue || Oracle experiences its first fiscal loss.<ref name="Oracle Corporation History"/>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1992 || || "Nippon Steel Corporation buys a stake in Oracle Japan; Oracle7 makes its debut."<ref name="Oracle Corporation History"/>
+
| 1992 || Acquisition || "Nippon Steel Corporation buys a stake in Oracle Japan; Oracle7 makes its debut."<ref name="Oracle Corporation History"/>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1992 || Product || Oracle7 is released, introducing PL/SQL stored procedures and triggers.<ref name="1 Introduction to Oracle Database"/>
+
| 1992 (June) || Product || Oracle7 is released, featuring PL/SQL stored procedures, triggers, distributed 2-phase commit, shared cursors, and cost Based Optimizer<ref name="1 Introduction to Oracle Database"/>
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 1993 || || Oracle becomes the first software company to rewrite business applications to run in client/server environments and automating business processes from a centralized data center.<ref name="Partners Found Software Development Laboratories"/>
 
| 1993 || || Oracle becomes the first software company to rewrite business applications to run in client/server environments and automating business processes from a centralized data center.<ref name="Partners Found Software Development Laboratories"/>
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| 1994 (Mid-year) || Revenue || Oracle's sales reach US$2 billion, with its consulting services accounting for 20 percent of sales.<ref name="Oracle Corporation History"/>
 
| 1994 (Mid-year) || Revenue || Oracle's sales reach US$2 billion, with its consulting services accounting for 20 percent of sales.<ref name="Oracle Corporation History"/>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1995 || || Oracle announces a comprehensive internet strategy, becoming the first major software company to do so.<ref name="Oracle Milestones: From ZERO to HERO"/>
+
| 1995 || Brand || Oracle Systems Corp is renamed Oracle Corp.<ref name="Tales in Tech History: Oracle"/> 
 +
|-
 +
| 1995 || Strategy || Oracle announces a comprehensive internet strategy, becoming the first major software company to do so.<ref name="Oracle Milestones: From ZERO to HERO"/>
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 1996 || Product || Oracle 7.3 is released with the Universal Server delivery, allowing customers to use Oracle to manage any type of data –text, video, maps, sound or images.<ref name="Partners Found Software Development Laboratories"/>
 
| 1996 || Product || Oracle 7.3 is released with the Universal Server delivery, allowing customers to use Oracle to manage any type of data –text, video, maps, sound or images.<ref name="Partners Found Software Development Laboratories"/>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1997 (June) || Product || Oracle 8 is launched.<ref name="Oracle Corporation History"/><ref name="Oracle Milestones: From ZERO to HERO"/>
+
| 1997 (June) || Product || Oracle 8 database is launched<ref name="Oracle Corporation History"/>, featuring recovery manager and partitioning.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1997 || || "Network Computer Inc. is established."<ref name="Oracle Corporation History"/>
+
| 1998 || || With the Oracle8 database and Oracle Applications 10.7, Oracle becomes the first enterprise computing company to embrace the {{w|Java programming language}}.<ref name="Partners Found Software Development Laboratories"/><ref name="Essay: Brief History of Oracle Database">{{cite web|title=Essay: Brief History of Oracle Database|url=http://www.marketoracle.co.uk/Article58739.html|website=marketoracle.co.uk|accessdate=29 May 2018}}</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 1998 || || With the Oracle8 database and Oracle Applications 10.7, Oracle becomes the first enterprise computing company to embrace the Java programming language.<ref name="Partners Found Software Development Laboratories"/>
+
| 1999 || Financial || Oracle Corporation Japan goes public.<ref name="Oracle Corporation History"/>
−
|-
 
−
| 1999 || || Oracle Corporation Japan goes public.<ref name="Oracle Corporation History"/>
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 1999 || Partnership || Oracle teams up with Hewlett-Packard Company to integrate HP's e-business applications with its database management software.<ref name="Oracle Corporation History"/>
 
| 1999 || Partnership || Oracle teams up with Hewlett-Packard Company to integrate HP's e-business applications with its database management software.<ref name="Oracle Corporation History"/>
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| 1999 || Product || Oracle8i Database is released, providing native support for internet protocols and server-side support for Java. Oracle8i is designed for internet computing, enabling the database to be deployed in a multitier environment.<ref name="1 Introduction to Oracle Database"/>
 
| 1999 || Product || Oracle8i Database is released, providing native support for internet protocols and server-side support for Java. Oracle8i is designed for internet computing, enabling the database to be deployed in a multitier environment.<ref name="1 Introduction to Oracle Database"/>
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2000 || || Oracle establishes multiple joint ventures, including one with Texas-based Entrust Technologies, Inc. for a new database program called Oracle Advanced Security.<ref name="Oracle Corporation History"/>  
+
| 2000 || Expansion || Oracle establishes multiple joint ventures, including one with Texas-based Entrust Technologies, Inc. for a new database program called Oracle Advanced Security.<ref name="Oracle Corporation History"/>  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2000 || || Oracle E-Business Suite 11i and Technology Network (OTN) Xchange are introduced, with the former being the first integrated suite of enterprise applications.<ref name="Oracle Corporation History"/><ref name="Oracle Milestones: From ZERO to HERO"/>
+
| 2000 || Product || Oracle E-Business Suite 11i and Technology Network (OTN) Xchange are introduced, with the former being the first integrated suite of enterprise applications.<ref name="Oracle Corporation History"/><ref name="Oracle Milestones: From ZERO to HERO"/>
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 2000 || Revenue || Oracle finishes fiscal year with revenues of US$10.2 billion and earnings at an all-time high of $6.3 billion due to an extra $4 billion from selling shares in Oracle Japan.<ref name="Oracle Corporation History"/>  
 
| 2000 || Revenue || Oracle finishes fiscal year with revenues of US$10.2 billion and earnings at an all-time high of $6.3 billion due to an extra $4 billion from selling shares in Oracle Japan.<ref name="Oracle Corporation History"/>  
 +
|-
 +
| 2000 || Expansion || Oracle Corporation founds the Oracle Mobile subsidiary.<ref name="The History of Oracle Corporation: 2000 – 2013">{{cite web|title=The History of Oracle Corporation: 2000 – 2013|url=https://www.dsp.co.uk/the-history-of-oracle-corporation-2000-2013/|website=dsp.co.uk|accessdate=29 May 2018}}</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 2001 || || Oracle's database system becomes the first to pass nine industry standard security evaluations.<ref name="Oracle Corporation History"/>
 
| 2001 || || Oracle's database system becomes the first to pass nine industry standard security evaluations.<ref name="Oracle Corporation History"/>
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| 2001 || Product || [[w:Oracle Database|Oracle9i Database]] introduces Oracle RAC, enabling multiple instances to access a single database simultaneously. Additionally, Oracle XML Database (Oracle XML DB) introduces the ability to store and query XML.
 
| 2001 || Product || [[w:Oracle Database|Oracle9i Database]] introduces Oracle RAC, enabling multiple instances to access a single database simultaneously. Additionally, Oracle XML Database (Oracle XML DB) introduces the ability to store and query XML.
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2003 || Product || Oracle Database 10g is launched as the first grid computing database available for the enterprise. Oracle Grid Computing serves computing power across the enterprise as a utility, automatically shifting processing loads based on demand.<ref name="Partners Found Software Development Laboratories"/>
+
| 2003 || Acquisition || Oracle attempts a hostile takeover of rival {{w|PeopleSoft}}– a provider of human resource management systems (HRMS). In mid-year Oracle initiates the takeover for US$5.1 billion.<ref name="Oracle Corporation History"/>
 +
|-
 +
| 2003 || Product || [[w:Oracle Database|Oracle Database 10g]] is launched as the first grid computing database available for the enterprise. Oracle Grid Computing serves computing power across the enterprise as a utility, automatically shifting processing loads based on demand.<ref name="Partners Found Software Development Laboratories"/><ref>{{cite book|last1=Greenwald|first1=Rick|last2=Stackowiak|first2=Robert|last3=Stern|first3=Jonathan|title=Oracle Essentials: Oracle Database 12c|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=oSKwAAAAQBAJ&pg=PT12&dq=%222003%22+%22Oracle+Database+10g%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj_hb-W-pnbAhUGh5AKHUEQD7EQ6AEIZDAJ#v=onepage&q=%222003%22%20%22Oracle%20Database%2010g%22&f=false}}</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| 2004 || Acquisition || The {{w|United States Department of Justice}} files multiple antitrust lawsuits to prevent Oracle's takeover of {{w|PeopleSoft}}.<ref name="Oracle Corporation History"/>
 +
|-
 +
| 2004 (December 13) || Acquisition || Oracle Corporation signs an agreement to acquire PeopleSoft after a long hard battle. The acquisition would be transacted for US$26.50 per share which equals US$10.3 billion.<ref name="A look at Oracle’s 10 biggest acquisitions">{{cite web|title=A look at Oracle’s 10 biggest acquisitions|url=https://www.networkworld.com/article/3101876/software/a-look-at-oracle-s-10-biggest-acquisitions.html|website=networkworld.com|accessdate=29 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Oracle Buys PeopleSoft|url=http://www.oracle.com/us/corporate/press/017124_EN|website=oracle.com|accessdate=29 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=It's official: Oracle closes on PeopleSoft acquisition|url=https://www.computerworld.com/article/2568706/enterprise-applications/it-s-official--oracle-closes-on-peoplesoft-acquisition.html|website=computerworld.com|accessdate=29 May 2018}}</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| 2005 (January 14) || Staff || Oracle announces a reduction of their combined workforces to 50,000.<ref name="The History of Oracle Corporation: 2000 – 2013"/>
 +
|-
 +
| 2006 || Acquisition || Oracle acquires Siebel Systems– a provider of Customer relationship management, for US$5.85 billion.<ref name="A look at Oracle’s 10 biggest acquisitions"/>
 +
|-
 +
| 2006 (April 12) || Acquisition || Oracle announces the acquisition of Portal Software, Inc.<ref name="The History of Oracle Corporation: 2000 – 2013"/>
 +
|-
 +
| 2006 (October) || Product || Oracle announces {{w|Unbreakable Linux}}, a {{w|Linux distribution}} packaged and freely distributed by [[W:Oracle Corporation|Oracle]], available partially under the {{w|GNU General Public License}}.<ref name="The History of Oracle Corporation: 2000 – 2013"/><ref name="FAQ">{{cite web|title= Oracle Linux FAQ|url= http://www.oracle.com/us/technologies/027617.pdf|publisher= Oracle Corporation|accessdate= 29 May 2018}}</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| 2007 (March 22) || Legal || Oracle sues German-based European multinational software corporation [[w:SAP SE|SAP]], accusing them of fraud and unfair competition. The court case would last until 23rd November 2010 where Oracle wins the US$1.3 billion lawsuit, known as the largest software piracy judgement in history.<ref name="The History of Oracle Corporation: 2000 – 2013"/> 
 +
|-
 +
| 2007 (May 15) || Acquisition || Oracle acquires Agile Software Corporation, a {{w|San Jose, California}}–based company that provides product lifecycle management (PLM) software.<ref name="The History of Oracle Corporation: 2000 – 2013"/>
 +
|-
 +
| 2007 || Acquisition || Orcle pays US$3.3 billion for the acquisition of Hyperion Corporation, a provider of enterprise performance management software.<ref>{{cite web|title=Oracle buys Hyperion for $3.3 billion|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/oracle-buys-hyperion-for-3-3-billion/|website=cnet.com|accessdate=30 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Oracle and Hyperion: is it really a strategic fit?|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2007/03/12/oracle_hyperion_fit/|website=theregister.co.uk|accessdate=30 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Oracle buys Hyperion, turns heat on SAP|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2007/03/01/oracle_hyperion_acquisition/|website=theregister.co.uk|accessdate=30 May 2018}}</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| 2008 || Acquisition || Oracle acquires {{w|BEA Systems}}, a provider of application development and middleware software platform, for US$8.5 billion in 2008.<ref name="A look at Oracle’s 10 biggest acquisitions"/>
 +
|-
 +
| 2009 (April 20) || Acquisition || [[w:Sun acquisition by Oracle|Oracle acquires Sun Microsystems]] after paying US$7.4 billion, its largest acquisition.<ref>{{cite web|title=Oracle Buys Sun|url=http://www.oracle.com/us/corporate/press/018363|website=oracle.com|accessdate=30 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=How Has The SUN Acquisition Worked Out For Oracle?|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/quora/2015/05/20/how-has-the-sun-acquisition-worked-out-for-oracle/#2a2204aa554e|website=forbes.com|accessdate=30 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Oracle to buy Sun for $7.4B after IBM drops bid|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/story?id=7395780&page=1|website=abcnews.go.com|accessdate=30 May 2018}}</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| 2010–2016 || Legal || In late 2010 Oracle files a multibillion-dollar lawsuit against {{w|Google, Inc.}}, alleging that Google has illegally used elements of Java in its development of the Android operating system for mobile phones. In 2016, after years of litigation and a remanded trial, a jury finds that Google has not violated Oracle’s copyrights.<ref name="Oracle Corporation britannica.com"/>
 +
|-
 +
| 2011 (March 24) || Revenue || Oracle publicizes its achievements boasting fiscal 2011 [[w:Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (United States)|Q3 GAAP]] total revenues up by 37% to US$8.8 billion and non-GAAP total revenues up by 36% to US$8.8 billion.<ref name="The History of Oracle Corporation: 2000 – 2013"/>
 +
|-
 +
| 2011 (October 24) || Acquisition || Oracle pays US$1.5 billion for RightNow Technologies, a customer relationship management (CRM) software service for enterprise organizations.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Dignan|first1=Larry|title=Oracle acquires RightNow for $1.5 billion, aims turrets at Salesforce.com|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/oracle-acquires-rightnow-for-1-5-billion-aims-turrets-at-salesforce-com/|website=zdnet.com|accessdate=29 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Pallatto|first1=John|title=Oracle Buys RightNow Technologies for $1.5B to Expand CRM Portfolio|url=http://www.eweek.com/cloud/oracle-buys-rightnow-technologies-for-1.5b-to-expand-crm-portfolio|website=eweek.com|accessdate=29 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Frier|first1=Sarah|title=Oracle Buys RightNow for $1.5 Billion to Add Cloud Services|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2011-10-24/oracle-agrees-to-purchase-rightnow-technologies-for-about-1-5-billion|website=bloomberg.com|accessdate=29 May 2018}}</ref> 
 +
|-
 +
| 2012 (February 9) || Acquisition || Oracle pays US$1.9 billion for the acquisition of Taleo Corporation, a leading provider of cloud-based talent management.<ref>{{cite web|title=Oracle Buys Taleo|url=http://www.oracle.com/us/corporate/press/1517159|website=oracle.com|accessdate=30 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Oracle buying Taleo for $1.9 billion, cloud war brews|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-taleo-oracle-idUSTRE81813U20120209|website=reuters.com|accessdate=30 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Oracle Buys Talent Management Solutions Company Taleo For $1.9 Billion|url=https://techcrunch.com/2012/02/09/oracle-buys-talent-management-solutions-company-taleo-for-1-9-billion/|website=techcrunch.com|accessdate=30 May 2018}}</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| 2013 (December 20) || Acquisition || Oracle pays US$1.5 billion for the acquisition of Responsys, Inc., a leading provider of enterprise-scale cloud-based B2C marketing software.<ref>{{cite web|title=Oracle Buys Responsys|url=http://www.oracle.com/us/corporate/press/2088698|website=oracle.com|accessdate=30 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Oracle to buy Responsys for $1.39 billion in cloud software push|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-responsys-offer/oracle-to-buy-responsys-for-1-39-billion-in-cloud-software-push-idUSBRE9BJ0RX20131220|website=reuters.com|accessdate=30 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Oracle Acquires Responsys|url=https://www.constellationr.com/blog-news/oracle-acquires-responsys|website=constellationr.com|accessdate=30 May 2018}}</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| 2014 (September) || Staff || {{w|Larry Ellison}} steps down, and {{w|Mark Hurd}} becomes Oracle's {{w|chief executive officer}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Oracle CEO Larry Ellison steps down, Catz and Hurd named CEOs|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2014/09/18/oracle-ceo-larry-ellison-steps-down-will-be-replaced-by-mark-hurd-and-safra-catz.html|website=cnbc.com|accessdate=30 May 2018}}</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| 2014 || Recognition || Oracle Financials is ranked in the Top 20 Most Popular Accounting Software Infographic by Web service {{w|Capterra}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nonprofit-software.com/|title=Best Donation Management Software - 2015 Reviews of the Most Popular Systems|accessdate=May 21, 2018}}</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| 2014 (June 23) || Acquisition || Oracle acquires {{w|MICROS Systems}}, – a retail and hospitality hardware/software systems provider, for US$5.3 billion.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Bort|first1=Julie|title=This Is Why Oracle Just Made A Huge $5.3 Billion Acquisition|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/why-oracle-bought-micros-for-53b-2014-6|website=businessinsider.com|accessdate=29 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=A Closer Look At Oracle's Acquisition Of MICROS Systems -- Part 1|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/greatspeculations/2014/06/27/a-closer-look-at-oracles-acquisition-of-micros-systems-part-1/#d0b96e1490a6|website=forbes.com|accessdate=29 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Oracle Completes Acquisition of MICROS Systems|url=http://www.oracle.com/us/corporate/press/2287167|website=.oracle.com|accessdate=29 May 2018}}</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| 2014 (December 22) || Acquisition || Oracle acquires consumer data collection company {{w|datalogix}}, for US$1.2 billion.<ref>{{cite web|title=Oracle Buys Datalogix|url=http://www.oracle.com/us/corporate/press/2395487|website=oracle.com|accessdate=29 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Oracle Has Acquired Datalogix|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/oracle-acquires-datalogix-2014-12|website=businessinsider.com|accessdate=29 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Oracle buys Datalogix, beefs up digital marketing cloud|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/oracle-buys-datalogix-beefs-up-digital-marketing-cloud/|website=zdnet.com|accessdate=29 May 2018}}</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| 2015 || Growth || Oracle is the second-largest software maker by revenue, after {{w|Microsoft}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Global 100 Software Leaders by revenue|url=http://www.pwc.com/gx/en/industries/technology/publications/global-100-software-leaders/explore-the-data.html|publisher=PriceWaterhouseCoopers|accessdate=May 21, 2018}}</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| 2016 (July 28) || Acquisition || Oracle acquires American cloud computing company NetSuite for US$9.3 billion in 2016. NetSuite provides {{w|Software as a Service}} platform for enterprise resource planning (ERP).<ref>{{cite web|title=Oracle Buys NetSuite|url=https://www.oracle.com/corporate/pressrelease/oracle-buys-netsuite-072816.html|website=oracle.com|accessdate=29 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Oracle Buys NetSuite|url=http://www.netsuite.com/portal/company/pressreleases/07-28-16.shtml|website=netsuite.com|accessdate=29 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Why NetSuite Is Coming Home To Oracle In $9.3 Billion Acquisition|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/alexkonrad/2016/07/28/why-netsuite-is-coming-home-to-oracle-in-9-3-billion-acquisition/#354ff79a158a|website=forbes.com|accessdate=29 May 2018}}</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| 2017 (December 17) || Acquisition || Oracle pays US$1.2 billion for the acquisition of Aconex Limited, a leading cloud-based solution that manages team collaboration for construction projects.<ref>{{cite web|title=Oracle Buys Aconex|url=https://www.oracle.com/corporate/pressrelease/oracle-buys-aconex-121717.html|website=oracle.com|accessdate=30 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Shu|first1=Catherine|title=Oracle to buy construction collaboration software maker Aconex for $1.2B in cash|url=https://techcrunch.com/2017/12/17/oracle-to-buy-construction-collaboration-software-maker-aconex-for-1-2b-in-cash/|website=techcrunch.com|accessdate=30 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Oracle Agrees to Buy Aconex|url=https://www.aconex.com/news/press-release/oracle-agrees-to-buy-aconex|website=aconex.com|accessdate=30 May 2018}}</ref>
 +
|-
 +
| 2017 || Revenue || Oracle's annual revenues exceed US$37 billion.<ref name="Tales in Tech History: Oracle"/>
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
== Numerical and visual data  ==
 +
 
 +
=== Google Scholar ===
 +
 
 +
The following table summarizes per-year mentions on Google Scholar as of October 19, 2021.
 +
 
 +
{| class="sortable wikitable"
 +
! Year
 +
! "Oracle Corporation"
 +
|-
 +
| 1996 || 251
 +
|-
 +
| 1998 || 381
 +
|-
 +
| 2000 || 489
 +
|-
 +
| 2002 || 742
 +
|-
 +
| 2004 || 781
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2003 || Acquisition || In 2003 Oracle attempts a hostile takeover of rival PeopleSoft Inc.– a provider of human resource management systems (HRMS). In mid-year Oracle initiates the takeover for US$5.1 billion.<ref name="Oracle Corporation History"/>
+
| 2006 || 864
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2003 || || [[w:Oracle Database|Oracle Database 10g]] introduces grid computing.<ref name="1 Introduction to Oracle Database"/>
+
| 2008 || 905
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2004 || Acquisition || The {{w|United States Department of Justice}} files multiple antitrust lawsuits to prevent Oracle's takeover of {{w|PeopleSoft}}.<ref name="Oracle Corporation History"/>
+
| 2010 || 1,500
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2010 || Acquisition || Oracle acquires {{w|Sun Microsystems}}.<ref name="Oracle Milestones: From ZERO to HERO"/>
+
| 2012 || 1,840
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2010–2016 || || In late 2010 Oracle files a multibillion-dollar lawsuit against {{w|Google, Inc.}}, alleging that Google has illegally used elements of Java in its development of the Android operating system for mobile phones. In 2016, after years of litigation and a remanded trial, a jury would find that Google had not violated Oracle’s copyrights.<ref name="Oracle Corporation britannica.com"/>
+
| 2014 || 1,790
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2014 (September) || || {{w|Mark Hurd}} becomes Oracle's CEO.
+
| 2016 || 1,800
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2014 || || Oracle Financials is ranked in the Top 20 Most Popular Accounting Software Infographic by Web service {{w|Capterra}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nonprofit-software.com/|title=Best Donation Management Software - 2015 Reviews of the Most Popular Systems|accessdate=May 21, 2018}}</ref>
+
| 2018 || 1,700
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2015 || || Oracle is the second-largest software maker by revenue, after {{w|Microsoft}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Global 100 Software Leaders by revenue|url=http://www.pwc.com/gx/en/industries/technology/publications/global-100-software-leaders/explore-the-data.html|publisher=PriceWaterhouseCoopers|accessdate=May 21, 2018}}</ref>
+
| 2020 || 1,300
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
 +
 +
[[File:Oracle Corporation gscho.png|thumb|center|700px]]
 +
 +
=== Google Trends ===
 +
 +
The image below shows {{w|Google Trends}} data for Oracle Corporation (Computer software company), from January 2004 to March 2021, when the screenshot was taken. Interest is also ranked by country and displayed on world map.<ref>{{cite web |title=Oracle Corporation |url=https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=all&q=%2Fm%2F05njw |website=Google Trends |access-date=26 March 2021}}</ref>
 +
 +
[[File:Oracle Corporation gt.png|thumb|center|600px]]
 +
 +
=== Google Ngram Viewer ===
 +
 +
The chart below shows {{w|Google Ngram Viewer}} data for Oracle Corporation, from 1977 to 2019.<ref>{{cite web |title=Oracle Corporation |url=https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Oracle+Corporation&year_start=1977&year_end=2019&corpus=26&smoothing=3&case_insensitive=true |website=books.google.com |access-date=26 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
 +
 +
[[File:Oracle Corporation ngram.png|thumb|center|700px]]
 +
 +
=== Wikipedia Views ===
 +
 +
The chart below shows pageviews of the English Wikipedia article {{w|Oracle Corporation}}, on desktop from December 2007, and on mobile-web, desktop-spider, mobile-web-spider and mobile app, from July 2015; to February 2021.<ref>{{cite web |title=Oracle Corporation |url=https://wikipediaviews.org/displayviewsformultiplemonths.php?page=Oracle+Corporation&allmonths=allmonths&language=en&drilldown=all |website=wikipediaviews.org |access-date=26 March 2021}}</ref>
 +
 +
[[File:Oracle Corporation wv.png|thumb|center|450px]]
 +
  
 
==Meta information on the timeline==
 
==Meta information on the timeline==

Latest revision as of 21:40, 25 March 2024

This is a timeline of Oracle Corporation, an American multinational computer technology corporation.

Big picture

Time period Development summary
1970s System Development Laboratories (the precursor to Oracle Corporation), is founded in the second half of the 1970s. The Oracle Relational Database Manager System (the first commercially available Relational database management system) is developed in the first years.[1]
1980s Oracle begins the decade jousting with new entrants in the database-management system market. The company adopts officially the name Oracle after its flagship product, the Oracle database. The company's reputation for innovations and its aggressive advertising style, helps to push Oracle's sales upward.[2] In 1986 Oracle goes public on NASDAQ and launches its SQL *Star software. Oracle's customer base grows to include 2,000 mainframe and minicomputer users represented by major international firms operating in such fields as the aerospace, automotive, pharmaceutical, and computer manufacturing industries, as well as a variety of government organizations.[2] By 1987, Oracle is confirmed as the world’s largest database management software company.[1]
1990s Oracle nearly goes bankrupt early in the decade.[3] In 1991, the company experiences its first fiscal loss. In 1992 Nippon Steel Corporation buys a stake in Oracle Japan; and Oracle7 makes its debut. By mid-1994, Oracle's sales reach US$2 billion, with its consulting services accounted for a healthy 20 percent of sales.[2] In 1997 Network Computer Inc. is established. In 1999 Oracle Japan goes public.[2]
2000s In early 2000 Oracle establishes multiple joint ventures, including one with Texas-based Entrust Technologies, Inc. for a new database program called Oracle Advanced Security.[2] In 2001, Oracle's database system is the first to pass nine industry standard security evaluations.[1] In 2003, Oracle attempts a hostile takeover of rival PeopleSoft. In 2004, the US Department of Justice files multiple antitrust lawsuits to prevent Oracle's takeover of PeopleSoft. In 2009 Oracle acquires Sun Microsystems.
2010s Oracle starts the decade with a huge acquisition, after buying Sun Microsystems. As of 2017, Oracle has more than 430,000 customers and is present in 175 countries. The company has more than 138,000 employees.[3]


Full timeline

Year Event type Details
1977 Software Development Laboratories (SDL) is founded by Larry Ellison, Bob Miner and Ed Oates.[4][5]
1978 The Oracle Relational Database Manager Program is developed.[4]
1978 Software Development Laboratories is renamed Relational Software Inc. (RSI).[3][6]
1979 Product RSI releases Oracle database, the earliest commercial relational database program to use Structured Query Language (SQL). The program would quickly became popular, with the United States Air Force as the first costumer.[5]
1979 Oracle V2 (Version 2) is introduced as the first commercially available SQL-based RDBMS.[7]
1981 Relational Software Inc. begins developing tools for Oracle, including the Interactive Application Facility, a predecessor of Oracle Forms.[8]
1982 Brand Relational Software Inc. is renamed Oracle Systems Corp, after its flagship product.[6][5][3]
1982 International expansion Oracle establishes its first international subsidiary, Oracle Denmark.[4]
1983 Product Oracle database Version 3 is released, becoming the first relational database management system to run on mainframes, minicomputers and PCs, giving customers the ability to use the software in almost any enterprise computing environment.[6][9][10] The new version features concurrency control, data distribution, and scalability.
1983 Brand Oracle Systems becomes Oracle Corporation.[4]
1984 Product Oracle database Version 4 is released, featuring multiversion read consistency. Oracle ports Oracle Database to the PC platform. The MS-DOS version (4.1.4) of Oracle runs in only 512K of memory.[8]
1984 Revenue Oracle's sales double to US$12.7 million.[11]
1985 International expansion Oracle Canada is established.[12]
1985 Product Oracle database Version 5 is released, featuring support for client/server computing and distributed database systems. It is one of the first relational database management systems to operate in client/server environments.[8]
1985 International expansion Oracle establishes a Japanese subsidiary.[13]
1986 (March) Financial Oracle makes its first public offering of stock, selling one million common shares.[4]
1986 Product Oracle introduces the first clustered database solution called Oracle Parallel Server (OPS), with Oracle Version 5.[14]
1986 Userbase Oracle's customer base grows to include 2,000 mainframe and minicomputer users represented by major international firms operating in such fields as the aerospace, automotive, pharmaceutical, and computer manufacturing industries, as well as a variety of government organizations.[4]
1986 Expansion Oracle expands its relational database management system product line and debuts another industry first, a distributed database management system based on the company's SQL*Star software.[15][16]
1986 Growth Oracle's year annual sales more than double since the previous year, to a record US$55.4 million.[2]
1987 Growth Oracle becomes the largest database management company in the world.[4][5]
1988 Product Oracle database Version 6 is released, featuring major advances: Row-level locking allows multiple users to work in the same table, by processing only the specific data used in a transaction. Hot backup reduces system maintenance overhead, by allowing employees to continue working in the system while administrators duplicate and archive data. PL/SQL enables users to process data while it remains in the database.[8]
1989 Facility Oracle's new world headquarters opens in Redwood Shores, California.[8]
1990 Product Oracle Applications Release 8 is launched, including accounting programs designed for the emerging client/server computing environment.[8]
1990 (April) Legal A dozen shareholders bring suit against Oracle, charging the company has made false and misleading earnings forecasts. Oracle announces it would conduct an internal audit and immediately restructured its management team with Lawrence Ellison assuming the additional post of chairman, with Donald L. Lucas remaining as a director.[4]
1990 Recognition Oracle Chief Executive Officer Larry Ellison is lauded for his accomplishments, being named Entrepreneur of the Year for 1990 by the Harvard School of Business.[2]
1991 Revenue Oracle experiences its first fiscal loss.[4]
1992 Acquisition "Nippon Steel Corporation buys a stake in Oracle Japan; Oracle7 makes its debut."[4]
1992 (June) Product Oracle7 is released, featuring PL/SQL stored procedures, triggers, distributed 2-phase commit, shared cursors, and cost Based Optimizer[7]
1993 Oracle becomes the first software company to rewrite business applications to run in client/server environments and automating business processes from a centralized data center.[6]
1994 Oracle earns the first independent security evaluations in the industry, adding third-party assurance of the strength of Oracle’s products.[8]
1994 (Mid-year) Revenue Oracle's sales reach US$2 billion, with its consulting services accounting for 20 percent of sales.[4]
1995 Brand Oracle Systems Corp is renamed Oracle Corp.[3]
1995 Strategy Oracle announces a comprehensive internet strategy, becoming the first major software company to do so.[8]
1996 Product Oracle 7.3 is released with the Universal Server delivery, allowing customers to use Oracle to manage any type of data –text, video, maps, sound or images.[6]
1997 (June) Product Oracle 8 database is launched[4], featuring recovery manager and partitioning.
1998 With the Oracle8 database and Oracle Applications 10.7, Oracle becomes the first enterprise computing company to embrace the Java programming language.[6][17]
1999 Financial Oracle Corporation Japan goes public.[4]
1999 Partnership Oracle teams up with Hewlett-Packard Company to integrate HP's e-business applications with its database management software.[4]
1999 Product Oracle8i Database is released, providing native support for internet protocols and server-side support for Java. Oracle8i is designed for internet computing, enabling the database to be deployed in a multitier environment.[7]
2000 Expansion Oracle establishes multiple joint ventures, including one with Texas-based Entrust Technologies, Inc. for a new database program called Oracle Advanced Security.[4]
2000 Product Oracle E-Business Suite 11i and Technology Network (OTN) Xchange are introduced, with the former being the first integrated suite of enterprise applications.[4][8]
2000 Revenue Oracle finishes fiscal year with revenues of US$10.2 billion and earnings at an all-time high of $6.3 billion due to an extra $4 billion from selling shares in Oracle Japan.[4]
2000 Expansion Oracle Corporation founds the Oracle Mobile subsidiary.[18]
2001 Oracle's database system becomes the first to pass nine industry standard security evaluations.[4]
2001 Recognition Oracle Small Business Suite is considered "Best of the Web" by Forbes magazine.[4]
2001 Product Oracle9i Database introduces Oracle RAC, enabling multiple instances to access a single database simultaneously. Additionally, Oracle XML Database (Oracle XML DB) introduces the ability to store and query XML.
2003 Acquisition Oracle attempts a hostile takeover of rival PeopleSoft– a provider of human resource management systems (HRMS). In mid-year Oracle initiates the takeover for US$5.1 billion.[4]
2003 Product Oracle Database 10g is launched as the first grid computing database available for the enterprise. Oracle Grid Computing serves computing power across the enterprise as a utility, automatically shifting processing loads based on demand.[6][19]
2004 Acquisition The United States Department of Justice files multiple antitrust lawsuits to prevent Oracle's takeover of PeopleSoft.[4]
2004 (December 13) Acquisition Oracle Corporation signs an agreement to acquire PeopleSoft after a long hard battle. The acquisition would be transacted for US$26.50 per share which equals US$10.3 billion.[20][21][22]
2005 (January 14) Staff Oracle announces a reduction of their combined workforces to 50,000.[18]
2006 Acquisition Oracle acquires Siebel Systems– a provider of Customer relationship management, for US$5.85 billion.[20]
2006 (April 12) Acquisition Oracle announces the acquisition of Portal Software, Inc.[18]
2006 (October) Product Oracle announces Unbreakable Linux, a Linux distribution packaged and freely distributed by Oracle, available partially under the GNU General Public License.[18][23]
2007 (March 22) Legal Oracle sues German-based European multinational software corporation SAP, accusing them of fraud and unfair competition. The court case would last until 23rd November 2010 where Oracle wins the US$1.3 billion lawsuit, known as the largest software piracy judgement in history.[18]
2007 (May 15) Acquisition Oracle acquires Agile Software Corporation, a San Jose, California–based company that provides product lifecycle management (PLM) software.[18]
2007 Acquisition Orcle pays US$3.3 billion for the acquisition of Hyperion Corporation, a provider of enterprise performance management software.[24][25][26]
2008 Acquisition Oracle acquires BEA Systems, a provider of application development and middleware software platform, for US$8.5 billion in 2008.[20]
2009 (April 20) Acquisition Oracle acquires Sun Microsystems after paying US$7.4 billion, its largest acquisition.[27][28][29]
2010–2016 Legal In late 2010 Oracle files a multibillion-dollar lawsuit against Google, Inc., alleging that Google has illegally used elements of Java in its development of the Android operating system for mobile phones. In 2016, after years of litigation and a remanded trial, a jury finds that Google has not violated Oracle’s copyrights.[5]
2011 (March 24) Revenue Oracle publicizes its achievements boasting fiscal 2011 Q3 GAAP total revenues up by 37% to US$8.8 billion and non-GAAP total revenues up by 36% to US$8.8 billion.[18]
2011 (October 24) Acquisition Oracle pays US$1.5 billion for RightNow Technologies, a customer relationship management (CRM) software service for enterprise organizations.[30][31][32]
2012 (February 9) Acquisition Oracle pays US$1.9 billion for the acquisition of Taleo Corporation, a leading provider of cloud-based talent management.[33][34][35]
2013 (December 20) Acquisition Oracle pays US$1.5 billion for the acquisition of Responsys, Inc., a leading provider of enterprise-scale cloud-based B2C marketing software.[36][37][38]
2014 (September) Staff Larry Ellison steps down, and Mark Hurd becomes Oracle's chief executive officer.[39]
2014 Recognition Oracle Financials is ranked in the Top 20 Most Popular Accounting Software Infographic by Web service Capterra.[40]
2014 (June 23) Acquisition Oracle acquires MICROS Systems, – a retail and hospitality hardware/software systems provider, for US$5.3 billion.[41][42][43]
2014 (December 22) Acquisition Oracle acquires consumer data collection company datalogix, for US$1.2 billion.[44][45][46]
2015 Growth Oracle is the second-largest software maker by revenue, after Microsoft.[47]
2016 (July 28) Acquisition Oracle acquires American cloud computing company NetSuite for US$9.3 billion in 2016. NetSuite provides Software as a Service platform for enterprise resource planning (ERP).[48][49][50]
2017 (December 17) Acquisition Oracle pays US$1.2 billion for the acquisition of Aconex Limited, a leading cloud-based solution that manages team collaboration for construction projects.[51][52][53]
2017 Revenue Oracle's annual revenues exceed US$37 billion.[3]

Numerical and visual data

Google Scholar

The following table summarizes per-year mentions on Google Scholar as of October 19, 2021.

Year "Oracle Corporation"
1996 251
1998 381
2000 489
2002 742
2004 781
2006 864
2008 905
2010 1,500
2012 1,840
2014 1,790
2016 1,800
2018 1,700
2020 1,300
Oracle Corporation gscho.png

Google Trends

The image below shows Google Trends data for Oracle Corporation (Computer software company), from January 2004 to March 2021, when the screenshot was taken. Interest is also ranked by country and displayed on world map.[54]

Oracle Corporation gt.png

Google Ngram Viewer

The chart below shows Google Ngram Viewer data for Oracle Corporation, from 1977 to 2019.[55]

Oracle Corporation ngram.png

Wikipedia Views

The chart below shows pageviews of the English Wikipedia article Oracle Corporation, on desktop from December 2007, and on mobile-web, desktop-spider, mobile-web-spider and mobile app, from July 2015; to February 2021.[56]

Oracle Corporation wv.png


Meta information on the timeline

How the timeline was built

The initial version of the timeline was written by User:Sebastian.

Funding information for this timeline is available.

Feedback and comments

Feedback for the timeline can be provided at the following places:

  • FIXME

What the timeline is still missing

Timeline update strategy

See also

External links

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "A Brief History of Oracle Corporation". authorstream.com. Retrieved 29 May 2018. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 "Oracle Corporation". encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 29 May 2018. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 "Tales in Tech History: Oracle". silicon.co.uk. Retrieved 29 May 2018. 
  4. ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17 4.18 4.19 4.20 "Oracle Corporation History". fundinguniverse.com. Retrieved 21 May 2018. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 "Oracle Corporation". britannica.com. Retrieved 21 May 2018. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 "Partners Found Software Development Laboratories". eweek.com. Retrieved 21 May 2018. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 "1 Introduction to Oracle Database". docs.oracle.com. Retrieved 21 May 2018. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 "Oracle Milestones: From ZERO to HERO". sshailesh.wordpress.com. Retrieved 22 May 2018. 
  9. ↑ Krishnan, Sriram. Programming Windows Azure: Programming the Microsoft Cloud. 
  10. ↑ Malonis, Jane A. Gale encyclopedia of e-commerce. 
  11. ↑ Symonds, Matthew. Softwar: An Intimate Portrait of Larry Ellison and Oracle. 
  12. ↑ Blue Book of Canadian Business, 1993. Canadian Newspaper Services International. 
  13. ↑ Look Japan, Issues 487-490; Issues 494-506. 
  14. ↑ Vallath, Murali. Oracle Real Application Clusters. 
  15. ↑ Kepos, Paula; Derdak, Thomas. International Directory of Company Histories, Volume 6. 
  16. ↑ International Directory of Company Histories, Volume 6. St. James Press. 
  17. ↑ "Essay: Brief History of Oracle Database". marketoracle.co.uk. Retrieved 29 May 2018. 
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5 18.6 "The History of Oracle Corporation: 2000 – 2013". dsp.co.uk. Retrieved 29 May 2018. 
  19. ↑ Greenwald, Rick; Stackowiak, Robert; Stern, Jonathan. Oracle Essentials: Oracle Database 12c. 
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 "A look at Oracle's 10 biggest acquisitions". networkworld.com. Retrieved 29 May 2018. 
  21. ↑ "Oracle Buys PeopleSoft". oracle.com. Retrieved 29 May 2018. 
  22. ↑ "It's official: Oracle closes on PeopleSoft acquisition". computerworld.com. Retrieved 29 May 2018. 
  23. ↑ "Oracle Linux FAQ" (PDF). Oracle Corporation. Retrieved 29 May 2018. 
  24. ↑ "Oracle buys Hyperion for $3.3 billion". cnet.com. Retrieved 30 May 2018. 
  25. ↑ "Oracle and Hyperion: is it really a strategic fit?". theregister.co.uk. Retrieved 30 May 2018. 
  26. ↑ "Oracle buys Hyperion, turns heat on SAP". theregister.co.uk. Retrieved 30 May 2018. 
  27. ↑ "Oracle Buys Sun". oracle.com. Retrieved 30 May 2018. 
  28. ↑ "How Has The SUN Acquisition Worked Out For Oracle?". forbes.com. Retrieved 30 May 2018. 
  29. ↑ "Oracle to buy Sun for $7.4B after IBM drops bid". abcnews.go.com. Retrieved 30 May 2018. 
  30. ↑ Dignan, Larry. "Oracle acquires RightNow for $1.5 billion, aims turrets at Salesforce.com". zdnet.com. Retrieved 29 May 2018. 
  31. ↑ Pallatto, John. "Oracle Buys RightNow Technologies for $1.5B to Expand CRM Portfolio". eweek.com. Retrieved 29 May 2018. 
  32. ↑ Frier, Sarah. "Oracle Buys RightNow for $1.5 Billion to Add Cloud Services". bloomberg.com. Retrieved 29 May 2018. 
  33. ↑ "Oracle Buys Taleo". oracle.com. Retrieved 30 May 2018. 
  34. ↑ "Oracle buying Taleo for $1.9 billion, cloud war brews". reuters.com. Retrieved 30 May 2018. 
  35. ↑ "Oracle Buys Talent Management Solutions Company Taleo For $1.9 Billion". techcrunch.com. Retrieved 30 May 2018. 
  36. ↑ "Oracle Buys Responsys". oracle.com. Retrieved 30 May 2018. 
  37. ↑ "Oracle to buy Responsys for $1.39 billion in cloud software push". reuters.com. Retrieved 30 May 2018. 
  38. ↑ "Oracle Acquires Responsys". constellationr.com. Retrieved 30 May 2018. 
  39. ↑ "Oracle CEO Larry Ellison steps down, Catz and Hurd named CEOs". cnbc.com. Retrieved 30 May 2018. 
  40. ↑ "Best Donation Management Software - 2015 Reviews of the Most Popular Systems". Retrieved May 21, 2018. 
  41. ↑ Bort, Julie. "This Is Why Oracle Just Made A Huge $5.3 Billion Acquisition". businessinsider.com. Retrieved 29 May 2018. 
  42. ↑ "A Closer Look At Oracle's Acquisition Of MICROS Systems -- Part 1". forbes.com. Retrieved 29 May 2018. 
  43. ↑ "Oracle Completes Acquisition of MICROS Systems". .oracle.com. Retrieved 29 May 2018. 
  44. ↑ "Oracle Buys Datalogix". oracle.com. Retrieved 29 May 2018. 
  45. ↑ "Oracle Has Acquired Datalogix". businessinsider.com. Retrieved 29 May 2018. 
  46. ↑ "Oracle buys Datalogix, beefs up digital marketing cloud". zdnet.com. Retrieved 29 May 2018. 
  47. ↑ "Global 100 Software Leaders by revenue". PriceWaterhouseCoopers. Retrieved May 21, 2018. 
  48. ↑ "Oracle Buys NetSuite". oracle.com. Retrieved 29 May 2018. 
  49. ↑ "Oracle Buys NetSuite". netsuite.com. Retrieved 29 May 2018. 
  50. ↑ "Why NetSuite Is Coming Home To Oracle In $9.3 Billion Acquisition". forbes.com. Retrieved 29 May 2018. 
  51. ↑ "Oracle Buys Aconex". oracle.com. Retrieved 30 May 2018. 
  52. ↑ Shu, Catherine. "Oracle to buy construction collaboration software maker Aconex for $1.2B in cash". techcrunch.com. Retrieved 30 May 2018. 
  53. ↑ "Oracle Agrees to Buy Aconex". aconex.com. Retrieved 30 May 2018. 
  54. ↑ "Oracle Corporation". Google Trends. Retrieved 26 March 2021. 
  55. ↑ "Oracle Corporation". books.google.com. Retrieved 26 March 2021. 
  56. ↑ "Oracle Corporation". wikipediaviews.org. Retrieved 26 March 2021. 
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