Difference between revisions of "Timeline of diphtheria"
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| 1923 || Medical development || Diphtheria toxoid is licensed; prepared from inactivated bacterial toxin that has lost its toxicity but retains its antitoxin producing properties.<ref name="Vaccine Timeline"/> || | | 1923 || Medical development || Diphtheria toxoid is licensed; prepared from inactivated bacterial toxin that has lost its toxicity but retains its antitoxin producing properties.<ref name="Vaccine Timeline"/> || | ||
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| + | | 1924 || Scientific development || French biologist [[wikipedia:Gaston Ramon|Gaston Ramon]], working at Pasteur Institute, discoveres diphtheria and tetanus toxoid, then referred to as anatoxins.<ref>{{cite book|title=Medical Sciences - Volume I|edition=B.P. Mansourian, S.M. Mahfouz, A. Wojtezak|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=Fb3VCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA124&dq=%221924%22+%22gaston+ramon%22+%22diphtheria%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjfi-GgruPTAhVLgpAKHbY-BIIQ6AEIITAA#v=onepage&q=%221924%22%20%22gaston%20ramon%22%20%22diphtheria%22&f=false|accessdate=9 May 2017}}</ref> || [[wikipedia:France|France]] | ||
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| 1947 || Medical development || Combination diphtheria and tetanus toxoids for pediatric use is first licensed in the United States.<ref name="Vaccine Timeline"/> || [[wikipedia:United States|United States]] | | 1947 || Medical development || Combination diphtheria and tetanus toxoids for pediatric use is first licensed in the United States.<ref name="Vaccine Timeline"/> || [[wikipedia:United States|United States]] | ||
Revision as of 09:47, 9 May 2017
| Year/period | Key developments |
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Full timeline
| Year/period | Type of event | Event | Present time geographical location |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5th century BC | Scientific development | Diphtheria is first described by Greek physician Hippocrates.[1] | Greece |
| 1884 | Scientific development | German bacteriologist Friedrich Loeffler first grows diphtheria bacterium corynebacterium diphtheriae in pure culture.[2] | Germany |
| 1921 | Report | 206,000 cases of diphtheria and 15,520 deaths are recorded in the United States.[3] | United States |
| 1923 | Medical development | Diphtheria toxoid is licensed; prepared from inactivated bacterial toxin that has lost its toxicity but retains its antitoxin producing properties.[4] | |
| 1924 | Scientific development | French biologist Gaston Ramon, working at Pasteur Institute, discoveres diphtheria and tetanus toxoid, then referred to as anatoxins.[5] | France |
| 1947 | Medical development | Combination diphtheria and tetanus toxoids for pediatric use is first licensed in the United States.[4] | United States |
| 1953 | Medical development | Tetanus and diphtheria toxoids (adult formulation) are first licensed in the United States, after the concentration of diphtheria toxoid is reduced.[4] | United States |
| 1974 | Epidemic | Diphtheria epidemic breaks out in Lisbon. 500 persons are involved, and about 40 deaths are recorded.[2] | Portugal |
| 1982 | Epidemic | 5 deaths are recorded in Germany during a diphtheria outbreak.[2] | Germany |
| 1996 | Medical development | Lederle Laboratories licenses diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine Acel-Imune, for use as the first through fifth doses in the series.[4] | |
| 1997 | Medical development | British pharmaceutical company SmithKline Beecham licenses Infanrix (diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine adsorbed), for the first four doses of the series.[4] | |
| 1998 | Medical development | North American Vaccine Inc licenses Certiva (diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine adsorbed), for boosting immunization of infants and children.[4] | |
| 1999 | Medical development | Connaught Laboratories licenses diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine Tripedia.[4] | |
| 2002 | Medical development | British pharmaceutical GlaxoSmithKline licenses Pediarix, a vaccine combining diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, inactivated polio, and hepatitis B antigens.[4] | |
| 2002 | Medical development | Aventis Pasteur licenses diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine Daptacel.[4] | |
| 2004 | Medical development | Aventis Pasteur licenses vaccine Decavac, indicated for active immunization against tetanus and diphtheria.[4][6] | |
| 2005 | Medical development | Sanofi Pasteur licenses Menactra, the first meningococcal polysaccharide (Serogroups A, C, Y and W-135) diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccine. This would be the first immunogenic meningococcal vaccine indicated for children younger than 2 years of age.[4] | |
| 2007 | Report | 4,190 cases of diphtheria are reported globally.[3] | |
| 2011 | Medical development | United States Food and Drug Administration approves Boostrix (developed by GlaxoSmithKline) to prevent tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis in older people.[4] | United States |
See also
- ↑ "Diphtheria". medscape.com. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 KWANTES, W. "Diphtheria in Europe" (PDF). nih.gov. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Diphtheria: The Plague Among Children". historyofvaccines.org. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
- ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 "Vaccine Timeline". immunize.org. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
- ↑ Medical Sciences - Volume I (B.P. Mansourian, S.M. Mahfouz, A. Wojtezak ed.). Retrieved 9 May 2017.
- ↑ "HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION" (PDF). vaccineshoppe.com. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
