Difference between revisions of "Timeline of high-speed rail"

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| 1938 || Model || The steam traction, {{w|LNER Class A4 4468 Mallard}} high speed runs on Britain’s {{w|East Coast Main Line}} at a speed of 203km/h.<ref name="The High Speed Rail Revolution: History and Prospects"/><ref name="The ten fastest trains in the world… 1801 to present."/> || {{w|United Kingdom}}  
 
| 1938 || Model || The steam traction, {{w|LNER Class A4 4468 Mallard}} high speed runs on Britain’s {{w|East Coast Main Line}} at a speed of 203km/h.<ref name="The High Speed Rail Revolution: History and Prospects"/><ref name="The ten fastest trains in the world… 1801 to present."/> || {{w|United Kingdom}}  
 
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| 1938 || HSR line || The Italian ETR200 electric train serves the {{w|Bologna}}-{{w|Rome}}-{{w|Naples}} route at 200 km/h.<ref name="The High Speed Rail Revolution: History and Prospects"/><ref name="High-Speed Rail History and Facts"/><ref name="The ten fastest trains in the world… 1801 to present."/> || {{w|Italy}}
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| 1938 || Line || The Italian ETR200 electric train serves the {{w|Bologna}}-{{w|Rome}}-{{w|Naples}} route at 200 km/h.<ref name="The High Speed Rail Revolution: History and Prospects"/><ref name="High-Speed Rail History and Facts"/><ref name="The ten fastest trains in the world… 1801 to present."/> || {{w|Italy}}
 
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| 1957 || Model || Engineers at the private Odakyu Electric Railway in {{w|Greater Tokyo Area}} launch the {{w|Odakyu 3000 series SE}} {{w|electric multiple unit}} EMU. This unit sets a world record for narrow gauge trains at 145 km/h.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Blue Ribbon and Laurel Awards|url=http://www.japaneserailwaysociety.com/jrs/members/fossett/ribbon/blue_ribbon_laurel.htm|website=japaneserailwaysociety.com|accessdate=29 December 2017}}</ref><ref name="High Speed Trains"/> || {{w|Japan}}
 
| 1957 || Model || Engineers at the private Odakyu Electric Railway in {{w|Greater Tokyo Area}} launch the {{w|Odakyu 3000 series SE}} {{w|electric multiple unit}} EMU. This unit sets a world record for narrow gauge trains at 145 km/h.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Blue Ribbon and Laurel Awards|url=http://www.japaneserailwaysociety.com/jrs/members/fossett/ribbon/blue_ribbon_laurel.htm|website=japaneserailwaysociety.com|accessdate=29 December 2017}}</ref><ref name="High Speed Trains"/> || {{w|Japan}}
 
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| 1964 (October 1) || HSR line || Japan opens the world's first high-speed rail line, between {{w|Tokyo}} and {{w|Osaka}}, in time for the 1964 Olympics. The {{w|Shinkansen}} (新幹線, new trunk line) is the first high speed system in the world.<ref name="HIGH SPEED RAIL HISTORY"/> The new service operates at speeds up to 210 km/h and average over 110 km/h.<ref name="High-Speed Rail and Sustainability: Decision-making and the Political Economy of Investment"/><ref name="The ten fastest trains in the world… 1801 to present."/><ref name="A Brief History of High-Speed Rail">{{cite web|title=A Brief History of High-Speed Rail|url=http://content.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1892463,00.html|website=content.time.com|accessdate=14 March 2018}}</ref> || {{w|Japan}}  
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| 1964 (October 1) || Line || Japan opens the world's first high-speed rail line, between {{w|Tokyo}} and {{w|Osaka}}, in time for the 1964 Olympics. The {{w|Shinkansen}} (新幹線, new trunk line) is the first high speed system in the world.<ref name="HIGH SPEED RAIL HISTORY"/> The new service operates at speeds up to 210 km/h and average over 110 km/h.<ref name="High-Speed Rail and Sustainability: Decision-making and the Political Economy of Investment"/><ref name="The ten fastest trains in the world… 1801 to present."/><ref name="A Brief History of High-Speed Rail">{{cite web|title=A Brief History of High-Speed Rail|url=http://content.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1892463,00.html|website=content.time.com|accessdate=14 March 2018}}</ref> || {{w|Japan}}  
 
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| 1965 (June) || || In Europe, high-speed rail begins during the International Transport Fair in {{w|Munich}}, when German Federal Railways operate fast trains with 200 km/h between Munich and {{w|Augsburg}}.<ref name="How to Overcome Geotechnical Challenges in Implementing High Speed Rail Systems in Australia">{{cite web|last1=Khabbaz|first1=Hadi|last2=Fatahi|first2=Behzad|title=How to Overcome Geotechnical Challenges in Implementing High Speed Rail Systems in Australia|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260312341_How_to_Overcome_Geotechnical_Challenges_in_Implementing_High_Speed_Rail_Systems_in_Australia|website=researchgate.net|accessdate=30 December 2017}}</ref><ref name="High Speed Trains"/> || {{w|Germany}}  
 
| 1965 (June) || || In Europe, high-speed rail begins during the International Transport Fair in {{w|Munich}}, when German Federal Railways operate fast trains with 200 km/h between Munich and {{w|Augsburg}}.<ref name="How to Overcome Geotechnical Challenges in Implementing High Speed Rail Systems in Australia">{{cite web|last1=Khabbaz|first1=Hadi|last2=Fatahi|first2=Behzad|title=How to Overcome Geotechnical Challenges in Implementing High Speed Rail Systems in Australia|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260312341_How_to_Overcome_Geotechnical_Challenges_in_Implementing_High_Speed_Rail_Systems_in_Australia|website=researchgate.net|accessdate=30 December 2017}}</ref><ref name="High Speed Trains"/> || {{w|Germany}}  
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| 1965 || Model || French engineer Jean Bertin invents the Aérotrain, a hovercraft monorail train, and builds the first prototype.<ref name="How to Overcome Geotechnical Challenges in Implementing High Speed Rail Systems in Australia"/> || {{w|France}}
 
| 1965 || Model || French engineer Jean Bertin invents the Aérotrain, a hovercraft monorail train, and builds the first prototype.<ref name="How to Overcome Geotechnical Challenges in Implementing High Speed Rail Systems in Australia"/> || {{w|France}}
 
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| 1976 || HSR line || The first high speed rail service is introduced in Great Britain, with diesel-powered High Speed Trains or HSTs running at up to 200km/h.<ref name="The High Speed Rail Revolution: History and Prospects"/><ref name="High speed rail from wheels to magnet">{{cite web|title=High speed rail from wheels to magnet|url=https://futurism.com/images/history-future-high-speed-rail/|website=futurism.com|accessdate=14 March 2018}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
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| 1976 || Line || The first high speed rail service is introduced in Great Britain, with diesel-powered High Speed Trains or HSTs running at up to 200km/h.<ref name="The High Speed Rail Revolution: History and Prospects"/><ref name="High speed rail from wheels to magnet">{{cite web|title=High speed rail from wheels to magnet|url=https://futurism.com/images/history-future-high-speed-rail/|website=futurism.com|accessdate=14 March 2018}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
 
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| 1978 || HSR line || Italy is credited with Europe's first high-speed line, the "Direttissima", opening between {{w|Rome}} and {{w|Florence}}. The service opens with a top speed of 250 km/h.<ref name="High-Speed Rail and Sustainability: Decision-making and the Political Economy of Investment">{{cite book|last1=Pérez Henríquez,|first1=Blas Luis|last2=Deakin|first2=Elizabeth|title=High-Speed Rail and Sustainability: Decision-making and the Political Economy of Investment|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=2i4lDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA12&dq=Italy+is+credited+with+Europe%27s+first+high-speed+line,+opening+between+between+Rome+and+Florence+in+1978&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjz38y20anYAhVJI5AKHf42C6sQ6AEIJzAA#v=onepage&q=Italy%20is%20credited%20with%20Europe's%20first%20high-speed%20line%2C%20opening%20between%20between%20Rome%20and%20Florence%20in%201978&f=false|accessdate=27 December 2017}}</ref><ref name="Gridlock: Why We're Stuck in Traffic and What To Do About It"/><ref name="A Brief History of High-Speed Rail"/> || {{w|Italy}}
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| 1978 || Line || Italy is credited with Europe's first high-speed line, the ''Direttissima'', opening between {{w|Rome}} and {{w|Florence}}. The service opens with a top speed of 250 km/h.<ref name="High-Speed Rail and Sustainability: Decision-making and the Political Economy of Investment">{{cite book|last1=Pérez Henríquez,|first1=Blas Luis|last2=Deakin|first2=Elizabeth|title=High-Speed Rail and Sustainability: Decision-making and the Political Economy of Investment|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=2i4lDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA12&dq=Italy+is+credited+with+Europe%27s+first+high-speed+line,+opening+between+between+Rome+and+Florence+in+1978&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjz38y20anYAhVJI5AKHf42C6sQ6AEIJzAA#v=onepage&q=Italy%20is%20credited%20with%20Europe's%20first%20high-speed%20line%2C%20opening%20between%20between%20Rome%20and%20Florence%20in%201978&f=false|accessdate=27 December 2017}}</ref><ref name="Gridlock: Why We're Stuck in Traffic and What To Do About It"/><ref name="A Brief History of High-Speed Rail"/> || {{w|Italy}}
 
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| 1981 (September 27) || HSR line || The [[w:SNCF|National French Railway Company]] starts the operation of the first high speed line {{w|TGV}} (French: ''Train à Grande Vitesse'', "high-speed train"), between {{w|Paris}} and {{w|Lyon}}, at 260km/h.<ref name="HIGH SPEED RAIL HISTORY"/><ref name="High-Speed Rail and Sustainability: Decision-making and the Political Economy of Investment"/> Since then, France would become the European leader of the high speed rail movement.<ref name="Gridlock: Why We're Stuck in Traffic and What To Do About It">{{cite book|last1=O'Toole|first1=Randal|title=Gridlock: Why We're Stuck in Traffic and What To Do About It|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=DW2QAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA90&dq=Italy+is+credited+with+Europe%27s+first+high-speed+line,+opening+between+between+Rome+and+Florence+in+1978&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjz38y20anYAhVJI5AKHf42C6sQ6AEIMzAC#v=onepage&q=Italy%20is%20credited%20with%20Europe's%20first%20high-speed%20line%2C%20opening%20between%20between%20Rome%20and%20Florence%20in%201978&f=false|accessdate=27 December 2017}}</ref> || {{w|France}}  
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| 1981 (September 27) || Line || The [[w:SNCF|National French Railway Company]] starts the operation of the first high speed line {{w|TGV}} (French: ''Train à Grande Vitesse'', "high-speed train"), between {{w|Paris}} and {{w|Lyon}}, at 260km/h.<ref name="HIGH SPEED RAIL HISTORY"/><ref name="High-Speed Rail and Sustainability: Decision-making and the Political Economy of Investment"/> Since then, France would become the European leader of the high speed rail movement.<ref name="Gridlock: Why We're Stuck in Traffic and What To Do About It">{{cite book|last1=O'Toole|first1=Randal|title=Gridlock: Why We're Stuck in Traffic and What To Do About It|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=DW2QAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA90&dq=Italy+is+credited+with+Europe%27s+first+high-speed+line,+opening+between+between+Rome+and+Florence+in+1978&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjz38y20anYAhVJI5AKHf42C6sQ6AEIMzAC#v=onepage&q=Italy%20is%20credited%20with%20Europe's%20first%20high-speed%20line%2C%20opening%20between%20between%20Rome%20and%20Florence%20in%201978&f=false|accessdate=27 December 2017}}</ref> || {{w|France}}  
 
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| 1981 || Speed record || The TGV reaches the record speed of 380 km/hour.<ref name="THE CONSTRUCTION OF HIGH-SPEED TRAIN LINES">{{cite web|title=THE CONSTRUCTION OF HIGH-SPEED TRAIN LINES|url=https://www.sncf-reseau.fr/en/the-construction-of-high-speed-train-lines|website=sncf-reseau.fr|accessdate=29 December 2017}}</ref> || {{w|France}}
 
| 1981 || Speed record || The TGV reaches the record speed of 380 km/hour.<ref name="THE CONSTRUCTION OF HIGH-SPEED TRAIN LINES">{{cite web|title=THE CONSTRUCTION OF HIGH-SPEED TRAIN LINES|url=https://www.sncf-reseau.fr/en/the-construction-of-high-speed-train-lines|website=sncf-reseau.fr|accessdate=29 December 2017}}</ref> || {{w|France}}
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| 1990 || || The French TGV breaks speed record for an electric train reaching 515 km/h.<ref name="High speed rail from wheels to magnet"/> || {{w|France}}
 
| 1990 || || The French TGV breaks speed record for an electric train reaching 515 km/h.<ref name="High speed rail from wheels to magnet"/> || {{w|France}}
 
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| 1991 (June 2)  || HSR line || {{w|High-speed rail in Germany}} is established with the introduction of the {{w|Intercity-Express}} train at 320 km/h.<ref name="High-Speed Rail and Sustainability: Decision-making and the Political Economy of Investment"/><ref name="China's High-Speed Rail Technology: An International Perspective">{{cite book|last1=Fang|first1=Youtong|last2=Zhang|first2=Yuehong (Helen)|title=China's High-Speed Rail Technology: An International Perspective|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=HzhDDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA54&dq=%22AVE%22+in+Spain+%221992%22+%22high+speed%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjh1dHv2anYAhWEC5AKHaagCqgQ6AEIJzAA#v=onepage&q=%22AVE%22%20in%20Spain%20%221992%22%20%22high%20speed%22&f=false|accessdate=27 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=High-Speed Rail and Sustainability: Decision-making and the political economy of investment|edition=Blas Luis Pérez Henríquez, Elizabeth Deakin|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=E6rZDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT33&lpg=PT33&dq=%22in+1991%22+Germany+introduces+the+HSR+with+its+320+km/h+ICE+train&source=bl&ots=pXeOIcO69f&sig=dH6gOBIX2cwrYAT1PT1cgR-Db_g&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjt55mEmrDYAhWDIpAKHeA8DX0Q6AEILTAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201991%22%20Germany%20introduces%20the%20HSR%20with%20its%20320%20km%2Fh%20ICE%20train&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|Germany}}
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| 1991 (June 2)  || Line || {{w|High-speed rail in Germany}} is established with the introduction of the {{w|Intercity-Express}} train at 320 km/h.<ref name="High-Speed Rail and Sustainability: Decision-making and the Political Economy of Investment"/><ref name="China's High-Speed Rail Technology: An International Perspective">{{cite book|last1=Fang|first1=Youtong|last2=Zhang|first2=Yuehong (Helen)|title=China's High-Speed Rail Technology: An International Perspective|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=HzhDDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA54&dq=%22AVE%22+in+Spain+%221992%22+%22high+speed%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjh1dHv2anYAhWEC5AKHaagCqgQ6AEIJzAA#v=onepage&q=%22AVE%22%20in%20Spain%20%221992%22%20%22high%20speed%22&f=false|accessdate=27 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=High-Speed Rail and Sustainability: Decision-making and the political economy of investment|edition=Blas Luis Pérez Henríquez, Elizabeth Deakin|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=E6rZDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT33&lpg=PT33&dq=%22in+1991%22+Germany+introduces+the+HSR+with+its+320+km/h+ICE+train&source=bl&ots=pXeOIcO69f&sig=dH6gOBIX2cwrYAT1PT1cgR-Db_g&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjt55mEmrDYAhWDIpAKHeA8DX0Q6AEILTAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201991%22%20Germany%20introduces%20the%20HSR%20with%20its%20320%20km%2Fh%20ICE%20train&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|Germany}}
 
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| 1992 || HSR line || The [[w:Alta Velocidad Española|AVE]] (Alta Velocidad Española) iniciates with the {{w|Madrid}}–{{w|Seville}} service opened on dedicated track. In spite of its late introduction, the Spanish high speed railway system would become the second in the world only to China.<ref name="China's High-Speed Rail Technology: An International Perspective"/><ref name="HIGH SPEED RAIL HISTORY"/><ref name="High-Speed Rail and Sustainability: Decision-making and the political economy of investment">{{cite book|title=High-Speed Rail and Sustainability: Decision-making and the political economy of investment|edition=Blas Luis Pérez Henríquez, Elizabeth Deakin|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=E6rZDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT245&dq=AVE+high+speed+rail+spain+%221992%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiV5NTT26nYAhUCI5AKHeq8BocQ6AEIPjAE#v=onepage&q=AVE%20high%20speed%20rail%20spain%20%221992%22&f=false|accessdate=27 December 2017}}</ref><ref name="The Economics and Politics of High-speed Rail: Lessons from Experiences Abroad">{{cite book|last1=Albalate|first1=Daniel|last2=Bel i  Queralt|first2=Germa|title=The Economics and Politics of High-speed Rail: Lessons from Experiences Abroad|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=5noU8pjFKnkC&pg=PA95&dq=AVE+high+speed+rail+spain+%221992%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiV5NTT26nYAhUCI5AKHeq8BocQ6AEITTAH#v=onepage&q=AVE%20high%20speed%20rail%20spain%20%221992%22&f=false|accessdate=27 December 2017}}</ref> || {{w|Spain}}
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| 1992 || Line || The [[w:Alta Velocidad Española|AVE]] (Alta Velocidad Española) iniciates with the {{w|Madrid}}–{{w|Seville}} service opened on dedicated track. In spite of its late introduction, the Spanish high speed railway system would become the second in the world only to China.<ref name="China's High-Speed Rail Technology: An International Perspective"/><ref name="HIGH SPEED RAIL HISTORY"/><ref name="High-Speed Rail and Sustainability: Decision-making and the political economy of investment">{{cite book|title=High-Speed Rail and Sustainability: Decision-making and the political economy of investment|edition=Blas Luis Pérez Henríquez, Elizabeth Deakin|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=E6rZDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT245&dq=AVE+high+speed+rail+spain+%221992%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiV5NTT26nYAhUCI5AKHeq8BocQ6AEIPjAE#v=onepage&q=AVE%20high%20speed%20rail%20spain%20%221992%22&f=false|accessdate=27 December 2017}}</ref><ref name="The Economics and Politics of High-speed Rail: Lessons from Experiences Abroad">{{cite book|last1=Albalate|first1=Daniel|last2=Bel i  Queralt|first2=Germa|title=The Economics and Politics of High-speed Rail: Lessons from Experiences Abroad|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=5noU8pjFKnkC&pg=PA95&dq=AVE+high+speed+rail+spain+%221992%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiV5NTT26nYAhUCI5AKHeq8BocQ6AEITTAH#v=onepage&q=AVE%20high%20speed%20rail%20spain%20%221992%22&f=false|accessdate=27 December 2017}}</ref> || {{w|Spain}}
 
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| 1993 || Speed || The Japanese Jōetsu Shinkansen reaches 425.0 km/h.<ref name="The ten fastest trains in the world… 1801 to present."/> || {{w|Japan}}
 
| 1993 || Speed || The Japanese Jōetsu Shinkansen reaches 425.0 km/h.<ref name="The ten fastest trains in the world… 1801 to present."/> || {{w|Japan}}
 
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| 1994 || HSR line || {{w|Eurostar}} high–speed rail service starts operating, linking directly {{w|London}} to {{w|Continental Europe}} via the {{w|Channel Tunnel}}.<ref>{{cite book|title=International high-speed rail systems: hearing before the Subcommittee on Railroads, Pipelines, and Hazardous Materials of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, House of Representatives, One Hundred Tenth Congress, first session, April 19, 2007, Volume 4|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=6qSRAAAAIAAJ&q=%22high+speed+rail%22+%22belgium%22+%22in+1950..2015%22&dq=%22high+speed+rail%22+%22belgium%22+%22in+1950..2015%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjD0KSR-6rYAhUEHZAKHfGjAgwQ6AEIRzAG|accessdate=27 December 2017}}</ref> || {{w|Europe}}
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| 1994 || Line || {{w|Eurostar}} high–speed rail service starts operating, linking directly {{w|London}} to {{w|Continental Europe}} via the {{w|Channel Tunnel}}.<ref>{{cite book|title=International high-speed rail systems: hearing before the Subcommittee on Railroads, Pipelines, and Hazardous Materials of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, House of Representatives, One Hundred Tenth Congress, first session, April 19, 2007, Volume 4|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=6qSRAAAAIAAJ&q=%22high+speed+rail%22+%22belgium%22+%22in+1950..2015%22&dq=%22high+speed+rail%22+%22belgium%22+%22in+1950..2015%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjD0KSR-6rYAhUEHZAKHfGjAgwQ6AEIRzAG|accessdate=27 December 2017}}</ref> || {{w|Europe}}
 
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| 1997 || HSR line || {{w|High-speed rail in Belgium}} is introduced with the opening of the {{w|HSL 1}} to {{w|France}}, cutting the {{w|Eurostar}} {{w|London}}–{{w|Brussels}} journey time.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Lawton|first1=Thomas C.|title=Strategic Management in Aviation: Critical Essays|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=mgokDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT552&dq=%22High-speed+rail+%22+%22belgium%22+%221997%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjQtNPRjbDYAhVDlZAKHXZXDZUQ6AEIJzAA#v=onepage&q=%22High-speed%20rail%20%22%20%22belgium%22%20%221997%22&f=false|accessdate=29 December 2017}}</ref><ref name="HIGH SPEED RAIL HISTORY"/> || {{w|Belgium}}
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| 1997 || Line || {{w|High-speed rail in Belgium}} is introduced with the opening of the {{w|HSL 1}} to {{w|France}}, cutting the {{w|Eurostar}} {{w|London}}–{{w|Brussels}} journey time.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Lawton|first1=Thomas C.|title=Strategic Management in Aviation: Critical Essays|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=mgokDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT552&dq=%22High-speed+rail+%22+%22belgium%22+%221997%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjQtNPRjbDYAhVDlZAKHXZXDZUQ6AEIJzAA#v=onepage&q=%22High-speed%20rail%20%22%20%22belgium%22%20%221997%22&f=false|accessdate=29 December 2017}}</ref><ref name="HIGH SPEED RAIL HISTORY"/> || {{w|Belgium}}
 
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| 2003 || HSR line || The first section the Channel Tunnel Rail Link (re-branded "{{w|High Speed 1}}" in 2006) opens. It is the first purpose-built high-speed rail line in the {{w|United Kingdom}}.<ref name="HIGH SPEED RAIL HISTORY"/><ref>{{cite book|title=Delivering a Sustainable Railway: A 30-year Strategy for the Railways? : Tenth Report of Session 2007-08 : Report, Together with Formal Minutes, Oral and Written Evidence|edition=Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Transport Committee|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=YLxl92qYnE8C&pg=PA145&dq=%22in+2003%22+%22High+Speed+1%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj0o5eukrDYAhUJh5AKHe8hDyoQ6AEILDAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%202003%22%20%22High%20Speed%201%22&f=false|accessdate=29 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Railway Development: Impacts on Urban Dynamics|edition=Frank Bruinsma, Eric Pels, Hugo Priemus, Piet Rietveld, Bert van Wee|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=wMhi0nyS-uYC&pg=PA21&dq=%22in+2003%22+%22high+speed+rail%22+%22united+Kingdom%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjxuPXukLDYAhWDHZAKHSVLCg4Q6AEIJzAA#v=onepage&q=%22in%202003%22%20%22high%20speed%20rail%22%20%22united%20Kingdom%22&f=false}}</ref> ||{{w|United Kingdom}}   
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| 2003 || Line || The first section the Channel Tunnel Rail Link (re-branded "{{w|High Speed 1}}" in 2006) opens. It is the first purpose-built high-speed rail line in the {{w|United Kingdom}}.<ref name="HIGH SPEED RAIL HISTORY"/><ref>{{cite book|title=Delivering a Sustainable Railway: A 30-year Strategy for the Railways? : Tenth Report of Session 2007-08 : Report, Together with Formal Minutes, Oral and Written Evidence|edition=Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Transport Committee|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=YLxl92qYnE8C&pg=PA145&dq=%22in+2003%22+%22High+Speed+1%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj0o5eukrDYAhUJh5AKHe8hDyoQ6AEILDAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%202003%22%20%22High%20Speed%201%22&f=false|accessdate=29 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Railway Development: Impacts on Urban Dynamics|edition=Frank Bruinsma, Eric Pels, Hugo Priemus, Piet Rietveld, Bert van Wee|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=wMhi0nyS-uYC&pg=PA21&dq=%22in+2003%22+%22high+speed+rail%22+%22united+Kingdom%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjxuPXukLDYAhWDHZAKHSVLCg4Q6AEIJzAA#v=onepage&q=%22in%202003%22%20%22high%20speed%20rail%22%20%22united%20Kingdom%22&f=false}}</ref> ||{{w|United Kingdom}}   
 
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| 2003 || Maglev || Japan Railway’s magnetic levitation {{w|maglev}} line reaches 581km/h.<ref name="Japan's maglev train breaks world speed record with 600km/h test run"/> || {{w|Japan}}
 
| 2003 || Maglev || Japan Railway’s magnetic levitation {{w|maglev}} line reaches 581km/h.<ref name="Japan's maglev train breaks world speed record with 600km/h test run"/> || {{w|Japan}}
Line 95: Line 95:
 
| 2004 (April) || Maglev || The {{w|Shanghai maglev train}} starts operations.<ref name="The ten fastest trains in the world… 1801 to present."/> || {{w|China}}
 
| 2004 (April) || Maglev || The {{w|Shanghai maglev train}} starts operations.<ref name="The ten fastest trains in the world… 1801 to present."/> || {{w|China}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2004 || HSR line || {{w|Korea Train Express}} (KTX) high–speed rail system is launched in {{w|South Korea}}.<ref name="HIGH SPEED RAIL HISTORY"/> || {{w|South Korea}}
+
| 2004 || Line || {{w|Korea Train Express}} (KTX) high–speed rail system is launched in {{w|South Korea}}.<ref name="HIGH SPEED RAIL HISTORY"/> || {{w|South Korea}}
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 2007 || Speed record || France’s LGV Est travelling at speeds of 574.8 km/h wins the prize for the fastest high-speed train in the world.<ref name="HIGH SPEED RAIL HISTORY"/> || {{w|France}}
 
| 2007 || Speed record || France’s LGV Est travelling at speeds of 574.8 km/h wins the prize for the fastest high-speed train in the world.<ref name="HIGH SPEED RAIL HISTORY"/> || {{w|France}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2007 (january 5) || HSR line|| {{w|Taiwan High Speed Rail}} begins operation with first line between {{w|Taipei}} and {{w|Kaohshiung}}, at speeds up to 300 km/h.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Pérez Henríquez|first1=Blas Luis|last2=Deakin|first2=Elizabeth|title=High-Speed Rail and Sustainability: Decision-making and the Political Economy of Investment|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=2i4lDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA119&dq=%22high+speed+rail%22+%22taiwan%22+%22in+2007%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi1vav28K_YAhWIf5AKHYc2BwwQ6AEIKjAB#v=onepage&q=%22high%20speed%20rail%22%20%22taiwan%22%20%22in%202007%22&f=false}}</ref><ref name="HIGH SPEED RAIL HISTORY"/> || {{w|Taiwan}}
+
| 2007 (january 5) || Line|| {{w|Taiwan High Speed Rail}} begins operation with first line between {{w|Taipei}} and {{w|Kaohshiung}}, at speeds up to 300 km/h.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Pérez Henríquez|first1=Blas Luis|last2=Deakin|first2=Elizabeth|title=High-Speed Rail and Sustainability: Decision-making and the Political Economy of Investment|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=2i4lDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA119&dq=%22high+speed+rail%22+%22taiwan%22+%22in+2007%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi1vav28K_YAhWIf5AKHYc2BwwQ6AEIKjAB#v=onepage&q=%22high%20speed%20rail%22%20%22taiwan%22%20%22in%202007%22&f=false}}</ref><ref name="HIGH SPEED RAIL HISTORY"/> || {{w|Taiwan}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2008 || HSR line || {{w|High-speed rail in China}} is introduced with the first line opened between {{w|Beijing}} and {{w|Tianjin}}.<ref name="HIGH SPEED RAIL HISTORY"/><ref>{{cite book|last1=Zhang|first1=Guangrui|title=Green Book of China's Tourism 2011: China Tourism Development Analysis and Forecast|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=ozSZsFihE60C&pg=PA14&dq=%22CRH%22+%22china%22+%22high+speed%22+%22in+2008%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjNrMy-76_YAhWIkZAKHYz1DYUQ6AEILDAB#v=onepage&q=%22CRH%22%20%22china%22%20%22high%20speed%22%20%22in%202008%22&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|China}}
+
| 2008 || Line || {{w|High-speed rail in China}} is introduced with the first line opened between {{w|Beijing}} and {{w|Tianjin}}.<ref name="HIGH SPEED RAIL HISTORY"/><ref>{{cite book|last1=Zhang|first1=Guangrui|title=Green Book of China's Tourism 2011: China Tourism Development Analysis and Forecast|url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=ozSZsFihE60C&pg=PA14&dq=%22CRH%22+%22china%22+%22high+speed%22+%22in+2008%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjNrMy-76_YAhWIkZAKHYz1DYUQ6AEILDAB#v=onepage&q=%22CRH%22%20%22china%22%20%22high%20speed%22%20%22in%202008%22&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|China}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2009 || HSR line || {{w|High-speed rail in Turkey}} is introduced with the first line between {{w|Ankara}} and {{w|Eskişehir}}.<ref name="HIGH SPEED RAIL HISTORY"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Turkey uses resources wisely to develop rail network|url=https://www.globalrailwayreview.com/article/22832/turkey-uses-resources-wisely-develop-rail-network/|website=globalrailwayreview.com|accessdate=29 December 2017}}</ref> || {{w|Turkey}}
+
| 2009 || Line || {{w|High-speed rail in Turkey}} is introduced with the first line between {{w|Ankara}} and {{w|Eskişehir}}.<ref name="HIGH SPEED RAIL HISTORY"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Turkey uses resources wisely to develop rail network|url=https://www.globalrailwayreview.com/article/22832/turkey-uses-resources-wisely-develop-rail-network/|website=globalrailwayreview.com|accessdate=29 December 2017}}</ref> || {{w|Turkey}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2009 (December 13) || HSR line || High-speed rail is introduced in the Netherlands with first service by {{w|Thalys}} operating on the {{w|HSL-Zuid}}.<ref name="HIGH SPEED RAIL HISTORY"/> || {{w|Netherlands}}
+
| 2009 (December 13) || Line || High-speed rail is introduced in the Netherlands with first service by {{w|Thalys}} operating on the {{w|HSL-Zuid}}.<ref name="HIGH SPEED RAIL HISTORY"/> || {{w|Netherlands}}
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 2009 || Organization || [[w:High Speed 2|High Speed Two Ltd]] is established; with aims was at developing proposals for a high speed railway link between London and the West Midlands.<ref name="How to Overcome Geotechnical Challenges in Implementing High Speed Rail Systems in Australia"/> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
 
| 2009 || Organization || [[w:High Speed 2|High Speed Two Ltd]] is established; with aims was at developing proposals for a high speed railway link between London and the West Midlands.<ref name="How to Overcome Geotechnical Challenges in Implementing High Speed Rail Systems in Australia"/> || {{w|United Kingdom}}
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===What the timeline is still missing===
 
===What the timeline is still missing===
  
−
[https://futurism.com/images/history-future-high-speed-rail/]
 
 
[http://www.trainhistory.net/railway-history/high-speed-rail/]
 
[http://www.trainhistory.net/railway-history/high-speed-rail/]
 
For visual data: [http://www.railwaysarchive.co.uk/documents/HS2_TheHighSpeedRailRevolutionHistoryAndProspects2010.pdf]
 
For visual data: [http://www.railwaysarchive.co.uk/documents/HS2_TheHighSpeedRailRevolutionHistoryAndProspects2010.pdf]

Revision as of 17:59, 13 March 2018

This is a timeline of high-speed rail, focusing on speed evolution of the transport.

Big picture

Time period Development summary
19th century Railways originate in Europe during the Industrial Revolution, with earliest events taking blace in the United Kingdom. Since the very beginning, the speed of passengers trains is an essential argument to compete, not necessarily with other transport modes but among the different companies. The speed on rails also constitute an evidence of technological development of the most advanced countries at that time.[1]
1930s Trains designed for commercial operation between cities average 133 km/h.[2]
1950s Japanese railway engineers begin their own extensive research and development on high speed rail, aiming to improve rail transportation for the densely populated and rapidly growing Tokyo–Osaka corridor. In France, tests conducted by the French National Railway show that speeds over 300 km/h could be achieved with powerful electric locomotives.[3]
1964 < The Japanese Shinkansen becomes the first high speed system in the world, marking a new era of modern transport. Japan is the first country in the world to build a dedicated line for new high speed trains.[4]
1970s–1990s High–speed rail sees a great adoption in Europe, with France leading with its TGV. Magnetic levitation (Maglev) technology is first tested in the 1970s.[5]
2000s< High–speed rail is adopted late in China, yet the country quickly raises as the worldwide top with the largest network. In Europe, Spain, which also saw a late introduction, has notwithstanding topped the continent with the current largest network worldwide second only to China.

Visual data

High–Speed Rail development, 1964-autumn 2009 (kms). Japan shows early development. The two countries with the largest networks currently, China and Spain, had a late introduction
High–speed rail under construction, 2009-12 (kms).

Full timeline

Year Event type Details Present day country/location
1803 Model British inventor and mining engineer Richard Trevithick develops the first high-pressure steam engine as well as the first full scale working railway steam locomotive, the ‘Puffing Devil,’ which is widely recognised as the first demonstration of transportation powered by steam. It successfully carries six passengers to the next nearby village travelling at a speed of 8 km/h.[6] United Kingdom
1812 Model English manufacturer Matthew Murray builds the first commercially viable steam locomotive.[2] United Kingdom
1829 Speed English engineer George Stephenson develops his “Rocket” locomotive, which reaches 50 km/h, representing a true high speed consideration for railways at the time.[1][2][6] United Kingdom
1845 Line The British Great Western Railway introduces the fastest rail service in the world with its London to Exeter expresses, which averages 70kph.[7] United Kingdom
1854 Speed Railways reach 130 km/h.[1]
1891 Engineer Károly Zipernowsky proposes a high-speed line Vienna–Budapest, bound for electric railcars at 250km/h.[8] Austria, Hungary
1899 Test Early experiments in high-speed rail are conducted in Germany. Railway between Marienfelde and Zossen, in length of 72 km, is electrified by Prussian state railway and ten electrical and engineering firms. After four years of experimenting rails would manage to achieve a speed of 210.2 km/h though this train would not enter the regular service.[9][6] Germany
1903 (October) Model The Siemens & Halske-equipped railcar obtains speed of 206.7 km/h on 23th October, and on 27 October the AEG-equipped railcar achieves 210.2 km/h.[10][1] Germany
1933 The first high speed trains appear in Europe and the United States when streamliner trains start being used to transport goods and people at speeds of around 130 km/h.[11] Europe, United States
1933 Model Diesel-powered “Fliegender Hamburger” enters regular service between Berlin and Hamburg with a top speed of 160 km/h.[7][9] Germany
1934 Model The Denver Zephyr averages 134 km/h[7] and peaks at 185 km/h.[9][6] United States
1938 Model The steam traction, LNER Class A4 4468 Mallard high speed runs on Britain’s East Coast Main Line at a speed of 203km/h.[7][6] United Kingdom
1938 Line The Italian ETR200 electric train serves the Bologna-Rome-Naples route at 200 km/h.[7][9][6] Italy
1957 Model Engineers at the private Odakyu Electric Railway in Greater Tokyo Area launch the Odakyu 3000 series SE electric multiple unit EMU. This unit sets a world record for narrow gauge trains at 145 km/h.[12][11] Japan
1964 (October 1) Line Japan opens the world's first high-speed rail line, between Tokyo and Osaka, in time for the 1964 Olympics. The Shinkansen (新幹線, new trunk line) is the first high speed system in the world.[1] The new service operates at speeds up to 210 km/h and average over 110 km/h.[3][6][13] Japan
1965 (June) In Europe, high-speed rail begins during the International Transport Fair in Munich, when German Federal Railways operate fast trains with 200 km/h between Munich and Augsburg.[5][11] Germany
1965 Model French engineer Jean Bertin invents the Aérotrain, a hovercraft monorail train, and builds the first prototype.[5] France
1976 Line The first high speed rail service is introduced in Great Britain, with diesel-powered High Speed Trains or HSTs running at up to 200km/h.[7][14] United Kingdom
1978 Line Italy is credited with Europe's first high-speed line, the Direttissima, opening between Rome and Florence. The service opens with a top speed of 250 km/h.[3][15][13] Italy
1981 (September 27) Line The National French Railway Company starts the operation of the first high speed line TGV (French: Train à Grande Vitesse, "high-speed train"), between Paris and Lyon, at 260km/h.[1][3] Since then, France would become the European leader of the high speed rail movement.[15] France
1981 Speed record The TGV reaches the record speed of 380 km/hour.[16] France
1988 Test West Germany’s Intercity Experimental train reaches 406.9 km/h, a record that would become the predecessor of all Intercity-Express trains on the Deutsche Bahn.[6][14] Germany
1989 Model The TGV "Atlantique" becomes the first train to operate regularly at 300 km/h.[1] France
1990 The Community of European Railways proposes an interconnected high–speed rail network.[5] Europe
1990 The French TGV breaks speed record for an electric train reaching 515 km/h.[14] France
1991 (June 2) Line High-speed rail in Germany is established with the introduction of the Intercity-Express train at 320 km/h.[3][17][18] Germany
1992 Line The AVE (Alta Velocidad Española) iniciates with the Madrid–Seville service opened on dedicated track. In spite of its late introduction, the Spanish high speed railway system would become the second in the world only to China.[17][1][4][19] Spain
1993 Speed The Japanese Jōetsu Shinkansen reaches 425.0 km/h.[6] Japan
1994 Line Eurostar high–speed rail service starts operating, linking directly London to Continental Europe via the Channel Tunnel.[20] Europe
1997 Line High-speed rail in Belgium is introduced with the opening of the HSL 1 to France, cutting the Eurostar London–Brussels journey time.[21][1] Belgium
2003 Line The first section the Channel Tunnel Rail Link (re-branded "High Speed 1" in 2006) opens. It is the first purpose-built high-speed rail line in the United Kingdom.[1][22][23] United Kingdom
2003 Maglev Japan Railway’s magnetic levitation maglev line reaches 581km/h.[24] Japan
2004 (April) Maglev The Shanghai maglev train starts operations.[6] China
2004 Line Korea Train Express (KTX) high–speed rail system is launched in South Korea.[1] South Korea
2007 Speed record France’s LGV Est travelling at speeds of 574.8 km/h wins the prize for the fastest high-speed train in the world.[1] France
2007 (january 5) Line Taiwan High Speed Rail begins operation with first line between Taipei and Kaohshiung, at speeds up to 300 km/h.[25][1] Taiwan
2008 Line High-speed rail in China is introduced with the first line opened between Beijing and Tianjin.[1][26] China
2009 Line High-speed rail in Turkey is introduced with the first line between Ankara and Eskişehir.[1][27] Turkey
2009 (December 13) Line High-speed rail is introduced in the Netherlands with first service by Thalys operating on the HSL-Zuid.[1] Netherlands
2009 Organization High Speed Two Ltd is established; with aims was at developing proposals for a high speed railway link between London and the West Midlands.[5] United Kingdom
2010 Statistics High speed trains worldwide carry 250 billion passenger km per annum.[4]
2014 Maglev Construction of the first intercity maglev line begins, netween Tokyo and Nagoya. It is anticipated to open in 2027.[4] Japan
2015 (April) Speed record Japan Railway’s magnetic levitation maglev line breaks world speed record with 600km/h test run.[2][24] Japan
2015 Statistics High speed lines worldwide extend over almost 30,000 kilometres.[1]
2016 Statistics China has 22,000 kilometres of high-speed rail as of end December 2016, accounting for two-thirds of the world's total.[28][29] China
2017 Maglev The Shanghai Maglev Maglev wins the prize as the fastest high-speed train in the world, with a top operational speed of 430km/h and average speed of 251 km/h.[6] China

Meta information on the timeline

How the timeline was built

The initial version of the timeline was written by User:Sebastian.

Funding information for this timeline is available.

What the timeline is still missing

[1] For visual data: [2] [3] [4] For visual data: [5] [6] [7] Book: (table included) Book (see page 86):[8] Book: [9] Book: [10] Book: [11] Book: [12] with table TO MAKE GRAPHS FROM PAGE 18 [13] [14]

Timeline update strategy

See also

External links

References

  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 "HIGH SPEED RAIL HISTORY". uic.org. Retrieved 27 December 2017. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 "The History (and Future) of High Speed Rail". blog.midwestind.com. Retrieved 29 December 2017. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Pérez Henríquez,, Blas Luis; Deakin, Elizabeth. High-Speed Rail and Sustainability: Decision-making and the Political Economy of Investment. Retrieved 27 December 2017. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 High-Speed Rail and Sustainability: Decision-making and the political economy of investment (Blas Luis Pérez Henríquez, Elizabeth Deakin ed.). Retrieved 27 December 2017. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Khabbaz, Hadi; Fatahi, Behzad. "How to Overcome Geotechnical Challenges in Implementing High Speed Rail Systems in Australia". researchgate.net. Retrieved 30 December 2017. 
  6. ↑ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 "The ten fastest trains in the world… 1801 to present.". smartrailworld.com. Retrieved 30 December 2017. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 Gourvish, Terry. "The High Speed Rail Revolution: History and Prospects" (PDF). Retrieved 27 December 2017. 
  8. ↑ "E n d o f a n E p o c h & N e w S t a r t". trains-worldexpresses.com. Retrieved 31 December 2017. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 "High-Speed Rail History and Facts". trainhistory.net. Retrieved 30 December 2017. 
  10. ↑ Sith Sastrasinh, "Electrical Train Marienfelde–Zossen in 1901", 21 January 2000, WorldRailFans. Accessed 23 January 2013.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 "High Speed Trains". thoughtco.com. Retrieved 14 March 2018. 
  12. ↑ "The Blue Ribbon and Laurel Awards". japaneserailwaysociety.com. Retrieved 29 December 2017. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 "A Brief History of High-Speed Rail". content.time.com. Retrieved 14 March 2018. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 "High speed rail from wheels to magnet". futurism.com. Retrieved 14 March 2018. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 O'Toole, Randal. Gridlock: Why We're Stuck in Traffic and What To Do About It. Retrieved 27 December 2017. 
  16. ↑ "THE CONSTRUCTION OF HIGH-SPEED TRAIN LINES". sncf-reseau.fr. Retrieved 29 December 2017. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Fang, Youtong; Zhang, Yuehong (Helen). China's High-Speed Rail Technology: An International Perspective. Retrieved 27 December 2017. 
  18. ↑ High-Speed Rail and Sustainability: Decision-making and the political economy of investment (Blas Luis Pérez Henríquez, Elizabeth Deakin ed.). 
  19. ↑ Albalate, Daniel; Bel i Queralt, Germa. The Economics and Politics of High-speed Rail: Lessons from Experiences Abroad. Retrieved 27 December 2017. 
  20. ↑ International high-speed rail systems: hearing before the Subcommittee on Railroads, Pipelines, and Hazardous Materials of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, House of Representatives, One Hundred Tenth Congress, first session, April 19, 2007, Volume 4. Retrieved 27 December 2017. 
  21. ↑ Lawton, Thomas C. Strategic Management in Aviation: Critical Essays. Retrieved 29 December 2017. 
  22. ↑ Delivering a Sustainable Railway: A 30-year Strategy for the Railways? : Tenth Report of Session 2007-08 : Report, Together with Formal Minutes, Oral and Written Evidence (Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Transport Committee ed.). Retrieved 29 December 2017. 
  23. ↑ Railway Development: Impacts on Urban Dynamics (Frank Bruinsma, Eric Pels, Hugo Priemus, Piet Rietveld, Bert van Wee ed.). 
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 "Japan's maglev train breaks world speed record with 600km/h test run". theguardian.com. Retrieved 29 December 2017. 
  25. ↑ Pérez Henríquez, Blas Luis; Deakin, Elizabeth. High-Speed Rail and Sustainability: Decision-making and the Political Economy of Investment. 
  26. ↑ Zhang, Guangrui. Green Book of China's Tourism 2011: China Tourism Development Analysis and Forecast. 
  27. ↑ "Turkey uses resources wisely to develop rail network". globalrailwayreview.com. Retrieved 29 December 2017. 
  28. ↑ "China's high speed railway exceeds 20,000 km". chinadaily.com.cn. Retrieved 25 October 2017. 
  29. ↑ "China to start construction on 35 railway projects: report". news.xinhuanet.com. Retrieved 28 December 2017. 
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