Difference between revisions of "Timeline of silicon"
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| 1857 || || {{w|Henri Étienne Sainte-Claire Deville}} and German chemist {{w|Friedrich Wöhler}} discover silicon nitride.<ref name="Ceramic Materials: Science and Engineering">{{cite book |last1=Carter |first1=C. Barry |last2=Norton |first2=M. Grant |title=Ceramic Materials: Science and Engineering |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=aE_VQ8I24OoC&pg=PA27&dq=%22W%C3%B6hler%22+%22deville%22+%22silicon+nitride%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjolubZ593bAhWElJAKHTgaAnsQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%22W%C3%B6hler%22%20%22deville%22%20%22silicon%20nitride%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Keen |first1=Robin |title=The life and works of Friedrich Wöhler (1800-1882) |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=k1AaAQAAMAAJ&q=%22W%C3%B6hler%22+%22deville%22+%22silicon+nitride%22&dq=%22W%C3%B6hler%22+%22deville%22+%22silicon+nitride%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjolubZ593bAhWElJAKHTgaAnsQ6AEILzAB}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lange |first1=Horst |last2=Wötting |first2=Gerhard |last3=Winter |first3=Gerhard |title=Silicon Nitride—From Powder Synthesis to Ceramic Materials |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/anie.199115791}}</ref> || | | 1857 || || {{w|Henri Étienne Sainte-Claire Deville}} and German chemist {{w|Friedrich Wöhler}} discover silicon nitride.<ref name="Ceramic Materials: Science and Engineering">{{cite book |last1=Carter |first1=C. Barry |last2=Norton |first2=M. Grant |title=Ceramic Materials: Science and Engineering |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=aE_VQ8I24OoC&pg=PA27&dq=%22W%C3%B6hler%22+%22deville%22+%22silicon+nitride%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjolubZ593bAhWElJAKHTgaAnsQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%22W%C3%B6hler%22%20%22deville%22%20%22silicon%20nitride%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Keen |first1=Robin |title=The life and works of Friedrich Wöhler (1800-1882) |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=k1AaAQAAMAAJ&q=%22W%C3%B6hler%22+%22deville%22+%22silicon+nitride%22&dq=%22W%C3%B6hler%22+%22deville%22+%22silicon+nitride%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjolubZ593bAhWElJAKHTgaAnsQ6AEILzAB}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lange |first1=Horst |last2=Wötting |first2=Gerhard |last3=Winter |first3=Gerhard |title=Silicon Nitride—From Powder Synthesis to Ceramic Materials |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/anie.199115791}}</ref> || | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | 1891 – 1893 || || American chemist {{w|Edward Goodrich Acheson}} discovers a method for making an industrial abrasive composed of silicon carbide, which Acheson would patent in 1893 and name it carborundum.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sherwood |first1=Anand |title=Essentials of Operative Dentistry |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=ZqJtTV6DLTAC&pg=PA184&dq=%22Silicon+carbide%22+%22in+1893%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjVw_v_0t7bAhWKF5AKHWeWBSkQ6AEIMzAC#v=onepage&q=%22Silicon%20carbide%22%20%22in%201893%22&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United States}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 1893 || || Silicon carbide (SiC) starts being produced in powder form for use as an abrasive.<ref name="Silicon Carbide (SiC): History and Applications">{{cite web |last1=Miron |first1=Rich |title=Silicon Carbide (SiC): History and Applications |url=https://www.digikey.com/en/articles/techzone/2016/dec/silicon-carbide-history-and-applications |website=digikey.com |accessdate=18 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Cardarelli |first1=François |title=Materials Handbook: A Concise Desktop Reference |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=PvU-qbQJq7IC&pg=PA626&dq=%22Silicon+carbide%22+%22in+1893%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjVw_v_0t7bAhWKF5AKHWeWBSkQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%22Silicon%20carbide%22%20%22in%201893%22&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United States}} | | 1893 || || Silicon carbide (SiC) starts being produced in powder form for use as an abrasive.<ref name="Silicon Carbide (SiC): History and Applications">{{cite web |last1=Miron |first1=Rich |title=Silicon Carbide (SiC): History and Applications |url=https://www.digikey.com/en/articles/techzone/2016/dec/silicon-carbide-history-and-applications |website=digikey.com |accessdate=18 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Cardarelli |first1=François |title=Materials Handbook: A Concise Desktop Reference |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=PvU-qbQJq7IC&pg=PA626&dq=%22Silicon+carbide%22+%22in+1893%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjVw_v_0t7bAhWKF5AKHWeWBSkQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%22Silicon%20carbide%22%20%22in%201893%22&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|United States}} | ||
Revision as of 18:17, 18 June 2018
This is a timeline of silicon.
Contents
Big picture
| Time period | Development summary |
|---|---|
| 1950s | Silicon becomes the industry’s preferred material in the transistor industry, and Texas Instruments the dominant semiconductor vendor.[1] |
Full timeline
| Year | Event type | Details | Country/region |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1787 | Antoine Lavoisier first identifies silicon.[2] | ||
| 1811 | Joseph Gay Lussac and Louis Jacques Thénard react silicon tetrachloride with potassium metal and produce some very impure form of silicon.[3][2] | ||
| 1824 | Swedish chemist Jöns Jacob Berzelius discovers silicon by heating chips of potassium in a silica container and then carefully washing away the residual by-products.[4] | ||
| 1854 | French chemist Henri Étienne Sainte-Claire Deville first prepares crystaline silicon, the second allotropic form of the element.[5][6][7][8] | ||
| 1857 | Henri Étienne Sainte-Claire Deville and German chemist Friedrich Wöhler discover silicon nitride.[9][10][11] | ||
| 1891 – 1893 | American chemist Edward Goodrich Acheson discovers a method for making an industrial abrasive composed of silicon carbide, which Acheson would patent in 1893 and name it carborundum.[12] | United States | |
| 1893 | Silicon carbide (SiC) starts being produced in powder form for use as an abrasive.[13][14] | United States | |
| 1907 | Electroluminescence is first discovered using silicon carbide light emitting diodes (LEDs).[13] | ||
| 1948 – 1952 | American Carborundum Company applies for several patents on the manufacture and application of silicon nitride.[9] | ||
| 1954 | American engineer Gordon Kidd Teal develops a working silicon transistor.[15] | United States | |
| 1954 – 1955 | The first working silicon transistor is developed at Bell Labs by Morris Tanenbaum.[16][1] | United States | |
| 1955 | American technology company Texas Instruments creates the first commercial, mass-produced silicon transistor.[16] | United States | |
| 1958 | Silicon transistors replace germanium transistors, which break down at high temperatures.[17] | ||
| 1958 | A double-diffused silicon mesa transistor is introduced.[1] |
Meta information on the timeline
How the timeline was built
The initial version of the timeline was written by User:Sebastian.
Funding information for this timeline is available.
Feedback and comments
Feedback for the timeline can be provided at the following places:
- FIXME
What the timeline is still missing
[1], [2] [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11],
Timeline update strategy
See also
External links
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Who Invented the Transistor?". computerhistory.org. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Chemical Elements.
- ↑ "Silicon". rsc.org. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
- ↑ "The Element Silicon". education.jlab.org. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
- ↑ Haynes, William M. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 93rd Edition.
- ↑ Berger, Lev I. Semiconductor Materials.
- ↑ Enghag, Per. Encyclopedia of the Elements: Technical Data - History - Processing - Applications.
- ↑ Fantasy & Science Fiction, Volume 63, Issues 374-379.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Carter, C. Barry; Norton, M. Grant. Ceramic Materials: Science and Engineering.
- ↑ Keen, Robin. The life and works of Friedrich Wöhler (1800-1882).
- ↑ Lange, Horst; Wötting, Gerhard; Winter, Gerhard. "Silicon Nitride—From Powder Synthesis to Ceramic Materials".
- ↑ Sherwood, Anand. Essentials of Operative Dentistry.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Miron, Rich. "Silicon Carbide (SiC): History and Applications". digikey.com. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
- ↑ Cardarelli, François. Materials Handbook: A Concise Desktop Reference.
- ↑ "The First Silicon Transistor". pbs.org. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 Anthony, Sebastian. "The genesis of the transistor, the single greatest discovery in the last 100 years". extremetech.com. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
- ↑ "Evolution of the Transistor". pbs.org. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
