Difference between revisions of "Timeline of hepatology"
From Timelines
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| 1943 || || Harper and Raper produce a purified pancreozymin which greatly increases the enzyme content of pancreatic juice as distinct from the increase in volume evoked by secretin.<ref name="A clinical study of chronic pancreatitis"/> || | | 1943 || || Harper and Raper produce a purified pancreozymin which greatly increases the enzyme content of pancreatic juice as distinct from the increase in volume evoked by secretin.<ref name="A clinical study of chronic pancreatitis"/> || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 1946 || || Chronic pancreatitis is first described.<ref name="A clinical study of chronic pancreatitis">{{cite web |title=A clinical study of chronic pancreatitis |url=https://gut.bmj.com/content/gutjnl/4/3/193.full.pdf |website=gut.bmj.com |accessdate=19 September 2018}}</ref> || | + | | 1946 || Field development || {{w|Chronic pancreatitis}} is first described.<ref>{{cite book |title=Chronic Pancreatitis: From Basic Research to Clinical Treatment |edition=Zhao-Shen Li, Zhuan Liao, Jian-Min Chen, Claude Férec |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=mERADwAAQBAJ&pg=PA2&dq=%22Chronic+pancreatitis%22+%221946%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiuj4yDvM3dAhULHZAKHVS7CxcQ6AEIQjAF#v=onepage&q=%22Chronic%20pancreatitis%22%20%221946%22&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Cruickshank |first1=Alan H. |title=Pathology of the Pancreas |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=C_gqBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA234&dq=%22Chronic+pancreatitis%22+%221946%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiuj4yDvM3dAhULHZAKHVS7CxcQ6AEINzAD#v=onepage&q=%22Chronic%20pancreatitis%22%20%221946%22&f=false}}</ref> |
| + | <ref name="A clinical study of chronic pancreatitis">{{cite web |title=A clinical study of chronic pancreatitis |url=https://gut.bmj.com/content/gutjnl/4/3/193.full.pdf |website=gut.bmj.com |accessdate=19 September 2018}}</ref> || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 1950 || Organization || The {{w|American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases}} is established.<ref>{{cite web |title=American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases |url=http://www.choosingwisely.org/societies/american-association-for-the-study-of-liver-diseases/ |website=choosingwisely.org |accessdate=19 September 2018}}</ref> || {{w|United States}} | | 1950 || Organization || The {{w|American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases}} is established.<ref>{{cite web |title=American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases |url=http://www.choosingwisely.org/societies/american-association-for-the-study-of-liver-diseases/ |website=choosingwisely.org |accessdate=19 September 2018}}</ref> || {{w|United States}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 1958 || || American surgeon {{w|Francis Daniels Moore}} develops and performs the first liver transplantation in dog experimental models.<ref name="Hepatology History"/> || {{w|United States}} | + | | 1958 || Field development || American surgeon {{w|Francis Daniels Moore}} develops and performs the first liver transplantation in dog experimental models.<ref name="Hepatology History"/> || {{w|United States}} |
|- | |- | ||
| 1960 || Literature || Journal ''[[w:Gut (journal)|Gut]]'' is established.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gut |url=https://gut.bmj.com/pages/about/ |website=gut.bmj.com |accessdate=13 September 2018}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}} | | 1960 || Literature || Journal ''[[w:Gut (journal)|Gut]]'' is established.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gut |url=https://gut.bmj.com/pages/about/ |website=gut.bmj.com |accessdate=13 September 2018}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}} | ||
| Line 63: | Line 64: | ||
| 1974 || Organization || The {{w|Foundation for Liver Research}} is established in the {{w|United Kingdom}} to develop and extend research into diseases of the human liver and to enhance medical research generally.<ref>{{cite web |title=Foundation for Liver Research |url=http://www.liver-research.org.uk/ |website=liver-research.org.uk |accessdate=13 September 2018}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}} | | 1974 || Organization || The {{w|Foundation for Liver Research}} is established in the {{w|United Kingdom}} to develop and extend research into diseases of the human liver and to enhance medical research generally.<ref>{{cite web |title=Foundation for Liver Research |url=http://www.liver-research.org.uk/ |website=liver-research.org.uk |accessdate=13 September 2018}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 1977 || || M. Rizzetto at al. detect the delta virus.<ref name="Hepatology: Textbook and Atlas"/> || | + | | 1977 || Field development || M. Rizzetto at al. detect the delta virus.<ref name="Hepatology: Textbook and Atlas"/> || |
|- | |- | ||
| 1981 || Literature || Peer-reviewed medical journal ''[[w:Hepatology (journal)|Hepatology]]'' is first issued.<ref>{{cite web |title=List of Issues Hepatology |url=https://www.journal-of-hepatology.eu/issues#decade=loi_decade_198 |website=journal-of-hepatology.eu |accessdate=19 September 2018}}</ref> || {{w|United States}} | | 1981 || Literature || Peer-reviewed medical journal ''[[w:Hepatology (journal)|Hepatology]]'' is first issued.<ref>{{cite web |title=List of Issues Hepatology |url=https://www.journal-of-hepatology.eu/issues#decade=loi_decade_198 |website=journal-of-hepatology.eu |accessdate=19 September 2018}}</ref> || {{w|United States}} | ||
| Line 69: | Line 70: | ||
| 1982 || Field development || H. Thaler introduces the term postinfantile giant-cell hepatitis.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kuntz |first1=Erwin |last2=Kuntz |first2=Hans-Dieter |title=Hepatology: Textbook and Atlas |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=oL6d9KuVqLQC&pg=PA425&lpg=PA425&dq=%22in+1982%22+H.+Thaler+introduces+the+term+postinfantile+giant-cell+hepatitis&source=bl&ots=gWcUVjUKX3&sig=VtYe8COY-Xmxd4bTnX1kpTGpnoo&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiQnfD5-szdAhWJHZAKHRJlCP4Q6AEwAXoECAEQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22in%201982%22%20H.%20Thaler%20introduces%20the%20term%20postinfantile%20giant-cell%20hepatitis&f=false}}</ref><ref name="Hepatology: Textbook and Atlas"/> || | | 1982 || Field development || H. Thaler introduces the term postinfantile giant-cell hepatitis.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kuntz |first1=Erwin |last2=Kuntz |first2=Hans-Dieter |title=Hepatology: Textbook and Atlas |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=oL6d9KuVqLQC&pg=PA425&lpg=PA425&dq=%22in+1982%22+H.+Thaler+introduces+the+term+postinfantile+giant-cell+hepatitis&source=bl&ots=gWcUVjUKX3&sig=VtYe8COY-Xmxd4bTnX1kpTGpnoo&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiQnfD5-szdAhWJHZAKHRJlCP4Q6AEwAXoECAEQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22in%201982%22%20H.%20Thaler%20introduces%20the%20term%20postinfantile%20giant-cell%20hepatitis&f=false}}</ref><ref name="Hepatology: Textbook and Atlas"/> || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 1983 || || {{w|Hepatitis E}} virus is identified.<ref name="Hepatology: Textbook and Atlas"/> || | + | | 1983 || Field development || {{w|Hepatitis E}} virus is identified.<ref name="Hepatology: Textbook and Atlas"/> || |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 1985 || || German surgeon {{w|Erich Mühe}} carries out the first {{w|laparoscopic cholecystectomy}}.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Litynski |first1=GS |title=Erich Mühe and the rejection of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (1985): a surgeon ahead of his time. |pmid=10036125 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10036125 |pmc=3015244}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Robotic Approaches to Colon and Rectal Surgery |edition=Howard Ross, Sang Lee, Bradley J. Champagne, Alessio Pigazzi, David E. Rivadeneira |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=x_6zCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA267&dq=%22in+1985%22+%22Erich+M%C3%BChe%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjhwqzZ1cfdAhWLiJAKHcudCYYQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%22in%201985%22%20%22Erich%20M%C3%BChe%22&f=false}}</ref><ref name="Essentials of Pediatric Endoscopic Surgery">{{cite book |title=Essentials of Pediatric Endoscopic Surgery |edition=Amulya K. Saxena, Michael E. Höllwarth |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=W61g0rfQ82oC&pg=PA14&dq=%22in+1985%22+%22Erich+M%C3%BChe%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjhwqzZ1cfdAhWLiJAKHcudCYYQ6AEILTAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201985%22%20%22Erich%20M%C3%BChe%22&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|Germany}} | + | | 1985 || Field development || German surgeon {{w|Erich Mühe}} carries out the first {{w|laparoscopic cholecystectomy}}.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Litynski |first1=GS |title=Erich Mühe and the rejection of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (1985): a surgeon ahead of his time. |pmid=10036125 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10036125 |pmc=3015244}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Robotic Approaches to Colon and Rectal Surgery |edition=Howard Ross, Sang Lee, Bradley J. Champagne, Alessio Pigazzi, David E. Rivadeneira |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=x_6zCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA267&dq=%22in+1985%22+%22Erich+M%C3%BChe%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjhwqzZ1cfdAhWLiJAKHcudCYYQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=%22in%201985%22%20%22Erich%20M%C3%BChe%22&f=false}}</ref><ref name="Essentials of Pediatric Endoscopic Surgery">{{cite book |title=Essentials of Pediatric Endoscopic Surgery |edition=Amulya K. Saxena, Michael E. Höllwarth |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=W61g0rfQ82oC&pg=PA14&dq=%22in+1985%22+%22Erich+M%C3%BChe%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjhwqzZ1cfdAhWLiJAKHcudCYYQ6AEILTAB#v=onepage&q=%22in%201985%22%20%22Erich%20M%C3%BChe%22&f=false}}</ref> || {{w|Germany}} |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 1985 – 1990 || || French surgeon Jacques Perissat experiments with intracorporeal lithotripsy.<ref name="Mouret, Dubois, and Perissat: The Laparoscopic Breakthrough in Europe"/> || | + | | 1985 – 1990 || Field development || French surgeon Jacques Perissat experiments with intracorporeal lithotripsy.<ref name="Mouret, Dubois, and Perissat: The Laparoscopic Breakthrough in Europe"/> || |
|- | |- | ||
| 1987 || Journal || The ''{{w|Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology}}'' is established.<ref>{{cite web |title=Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology |url=https://www.hindawi.com/journals/cjgh/biblio/ |website=hindawi.com |accessdate=19 September 2018}}</ref> || {{w|Canada}} | | 1987 || Journal || The ''{{w|Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology}}'' is established.<ref>{{cite web |title=Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology |url=https://www.hindawi.com/journals/cjgh/biblio/ |website=hindawi.com |accessdate=19 September 2018}}</ref> || {{w|Canada}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 1987 || || French surgeon Phillipe Mouret carries out his first cholecystectomy by means of electronic laparoscopy.<ref name="Mouret, Dubois, and Perissat: The Laparoscopic Breakthrough in Europe"/><ref name="Essentials of Pediatric Endoscopic Surgery"/> || | + | | 1987 || Field development || French surgeon Phillipe Mouret carries out his first cholecystectomy by means of electronic laparoscopy.<ref name="Mouret, Dubois, and Perissat: The Laparoscopic Breakthrough in Europe"/><ref name="Essentials of Pediatric Endoscopic Surgery"/> || |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 1988 || || French surgeon Francois Dubois performs a {{w|laparoscopic cholecystectomy}} (LC) in {{w|Paris}}.<ref name="Mouret, Dubois, and Perissat: The Laparoscopic Breakthrough in Europe">{{cite journal |last1=Litynski |first1=Grzegorz S. |title=Mouret, Dubois, and Perissat: The Laparoscopic Breakthrough in Europe (1987-1988) |pmid=10444020 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3015318/ |pmc=3015318}}</ref> || {{w|France}} | + | | 1988 || Field development || French surgeon Francois Dubois performs a {{w|laparoscopic cholecystectomy}} (LC) in {{w|Paris}}.<ref name="Mouret, Dubois, and Perissat: The Laparoscopic Breakthrough in Europe">{{cite journal |last1=Litynski |first1=Grzegorz S. |title=Mouret, Dubois, and Perissat: The Laparoscopic Breakthrough in Europe (1987-1988) |pmid=10444020 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3015318/ |pmc=3015318}}</ref> || {{w|France}} |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 1989 || || Daniel Bradley and Michael Houghton identify the {{w|hepatitis C}} virus, which was previously known as non-A, non-B hepatitis and could not be detected in the blood supply. || | + | | 1989 || Field development || Daniel Bradley and Michael Houghton identify the {{w|hepatitis C}} virus, which was previously known as non-A, non-B hepatitis and could not be detected in the blood supply. || |
|- | |- | ||
| 1989 || Journal || The ''{{w|European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology}}'' is first issued.<ref>{{cite journal |title=European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog/9000874}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}} | | 1989 || Journal || The ''{{w|European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology}}'' is first issued.<ref>{{cite journal |title=European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog/9000874}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 1992 || || A blood test that could detect {{w|hepatitis C}} in donated blood is created.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pre-1990 transfusions may have infected thousands with hepatitis C |url=http://edition.cnn.com/HEALTH/9807/08/hepatitis.notify/index.html |website=edition.cnn.com |accessdate=21 September 2018}}</ref> || | + | | 1992 || Field development || A blood test that could detect {{w|hepatitis C}} in donated blood is created.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pre-1990 transfusions may have infected thousands with hepatitis C |url=http://edition.cnn.com/HEALTH/9807/08/hepatitis.notify/index.html |website=edition.cnn.com |accessdate=21 September 2018}}</ref> || |
|- | |- | ||
| 1994 || Organization || The {{w|International Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association}} is established.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Pitt |first1=Henry A. |title=International Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association: who are we and where are we going? |doi=10.1080/13651820600835967 |pmid=18333134 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2023894/ |pmc=2023894}}</ref> || {{w|United States}} | | 1994 || Organization || The {{w|International Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association}} is established.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Pitt |first1=Henry A. |title=International Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association: who are we and where are we going? |doi=10.1080/13651820600835967 |pmid=18333134 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2023894/ |pmc=2023894}}</ref> || {{w|United States}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 1995 || | + | | 1995 || Literature || Peer-reviewed medical journal ''{{w|Inflammatory Bowel Diseases}}'' is first issued.<ref>{{cite web |title=Volume 1, Issue 1, 1 February 1995 |url=https://academic.oup.com/ibdjournal/issue/1/1 |website=academic.oup.com |accessdate=19 September 2018}}</ref> || |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 2003 || | + | | 2003 || Literature || Journal ''{{w|Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology}}'' is established.<ref>{{cite web |title=Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology |url=https://www.scimagojr.com/journalsearch.php?q=28273&tip=sid |website=scimagojr.com |accessdate=21 September 2018}}</ref> || {{w|United States}} |
|- | |- | ||
| 2007 || Organization || The {{w|World Hepatitis Alliance}} is formed. The organization advocates and raises awareness for the elimination of viral hepatitis.<ref>{{cite web |title=OUR STORY |url=http://www.worldhepatitisalliance.org/about/our-story |website=worldhepatitisalliance.org |accessdate=19 September 2018}}</ref> || | | 2007 || Organization || The {{w|World Hepatitis Alliance}} is formed. The organization advocates and raises awareness for the elimination of viral hepatitis.<ref>{{cite web |title=OUR STORY |url=http://www.worldhepatitisalliance.org/about/our-story |website=worldhepatitisalliance.org |accessdate=19 September 2018}}</ref> || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 2007 || | + | | 2007 || Literature || {{w|Journal of Crohn's and Colitis}} is established.<ref>{{cite web |title=Journal of Crohn's and Colitis |url=https://academic.oup.com/ecco-jcc/issue/1/2 |website=academic.oup.com |accessdate=19 September 2018}}</ref> || {{w|United Kingdom}} |
|- | |- | ||
| 2007 || || {{w|Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology}} || | | 2007 || || {{w|Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology}} || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 2009 || | + | | 2009 || Literature || The {{w|World Journal of Hepatology}} is launched.<ref>{{cite web |title=World Journal of Hepatology |url=https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5182 |website=wjgnet.com |accessdate=4 September 2018}}</ref> || |
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 17:37, 21 September 2018
This is a timeline of hepatology.
Contents
Big picture
| Time period | Development summary |
|---|---|
| Ancient history | Infectious jaundice is the most imposing clinical picture in hepatology and has occupied physicians for more than 2,500 years.[1] |
Full timeline
| Year | Event type | Details | Location |
|---|---|---|---|
| 400 BC | Field development | Hippocrates describes liver abscess.[2] | |
| 100 CE | Field development | Greek physician Aretaeus of Cappadocia describes jaundice and its symptoms.[2][3] | |
| c.980 – 1037 | Field development | Persian polymath Avicenna observes the significance of urine in the diagnosis of liver disease.[2] | |
| 1770 | Field development | French anatomist Antoine Portal notes the bleeding that occurs due to the presence of esophageal varices caused by portal hypertension in cirrhosis patients.[2] | |
| 1844 | Field development | German physiologist Gabriel Valentin demonstrates how pancreatic enzymes are responsible for breaking down food during digestion.[2] | |
| 1846 | Field development | German chemist Justus Von Leibig discovers the pancreatic juice tyrosine.[4] [2] | Germany |
| 1852 | Field development | Bernard first reports the association between gallstones and acute pancreatitis.[5] | |
| 1854 | Field development | German pathologist Friedrich Theodor von Frerichs first describes Wilson's disease (named after Samuel Wilson). | |
| 1862 | Field development | Austin Flint describes the production of "stercorin".[6][7][8][2] | |
| 1875 | Field development | French physician Victor Charles Hanot describes the condition of cholangiolytic biliary cirrhosis (Hanot disease).[9][10][11][2] | France |
| 1882 | German surgeon Carl Langenbuch performs the first acknowledged open cholecystectomy.[12][13][14] | Germany | |
| 1882 | Acute pancreatitis is first described at autopsy. | ||
| 1901 | Opie describes impacted gallstones at autopsy.[5] | ||
| 1943 | Harper and Raper produce a purified pancreozymin which greatly increases the enzyme content of pancreatic juice as distinct from the increase in volume evoked by secretin.[15] | ||
| 1946 | Field development | Chronic pancreatitis is first described.[16][17]
[15] || | |
| 1950 | Organization | The American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases is established.[18] | United States |
| 1958 | Field development | American surgeon Francis Daniels Moore develops and performs the first liver transplantation in dog experimental models.[2] | United States |
| 1960 | Literature | Journal Gut is established.[19] | United Kingdom |
| 1961 | Literature | Journal Endoscopy is launched.[20] | |
| 1963 | Field development | American physician Thomas Starzl in Denver performs the first human liver transplant on a 3-year-old male with biliary atresia.[21][22][23][2] | United States |
| 1966 | Organization | The European Association for the Study of the Liver is founded.[24][25] | |
| 1969 | Field development | American physician Baruch Samuel Blumberg discovers the hepatitis B virus and goes on to develop the first hepatitis B vaccine.[2] | |
| 1973 | Field development | S.M. Feinstone discovers the Hepatitis A virus.[1] | |
| 1974 | Organization | The Foundation for Liver Research is established in the United Kingdom to develop and extend research into diseases of the human liver and to enhance medical research generally.[26] | United Kingdom |
| 1977 | Field development | M. Rizzetto at al. detect the delta virus.[1] | |
| 1981 | Literature | Peer-reviewed medical journal Hepatology is first issued.[27] | United States |
| 1982 | Field development | H. Thaler introduces the term postinfantile giant-cell hepatitis.[28][1] | |
| 1983 | Field development | Hepatitis E virus is identified.[1] | |
| 1985 | Field development | German surgeon Erich Mühe carries out the first laparoscopic cholecystectomy.[29][30][31] | Germany |
| 1985 – 1990 | Field development | French surgeon Jacques Perissat experiments with intracorporeal lithotripsy.[32] | |
| 1987 | Journal | The Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology is established.[33] | Canada |
| 1987 | Field development | French surgeon Phillipe Mouret carries out his first cholecystectomy by means of electronic laparoscopy.[32][31] | |
| 1988 | Field development | French surgeon Francois Dubois performs a laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in Paris.[32] | France |
| 1989 | Field development | Daniel Bradley and Michael Houghton identify the hepatitis C virus, which was previously known as non-A, non-B hepatitis and could not be detected in the blood supply. | |
| 1989 | Journal | The European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology is first issued.[34] | United Kingdom |
| 1992 | Field development | A blood test that could detect hepatitis C in donated blood is created.[35] | |
| 1994 | Organization | The International Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association is established.[36] | United States |
| 1995 | Literature | Peer-reviewed medical journal Inflammatory Bowel Diseases is first issued.[37] | |
| 2003 | Literature | Journal Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology is established.[38] | United States |
| 2007 | Organization | The World Hepatitis Alliance is formed. The organization advocates and raises awareness for the elimination of viral hepatitis.[39] | |
| 2007 | Literature | Journal of Crohn's and Colitis is established.[40] | United Kingdom |
| 2007 | Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology | ||
| 2009 | Literature | The World Journal of Hepatology is launched.[41] |
Meta information on the timeline
How the timeline was built
The initial version of the timeline was written by User:Sebastian.
Funding information for this timeline is available.
Feedback and comments
Feedback for the timeline can be provided at the following places:
- FIXME
What the timeline is still missing
Timeline update strategy
See also
External links
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Kuntz, Erwin; Kuntz, Hans-Dieter. Hepatology: Textbook and Atlas.
- ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 "Hepatology History". news-medical.net. Retrieved 3 September 2018.
- ↑ Bassari, Ramez; Koea, Jonathan B. "Jaundice associated pruritis: A review of pathophysiology and treatment". PMC 4316083
. PMID 25663760. doi:10.3748/wjg.v21.i5.1404.
- ↑ Netters Essential Physiology. CTI Reviews.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Acute Gallstone Pancreatitis". researchgate.net. Retrieved 19 September 2018.
- ↑ Medical Review, Volumes 35-36. St. Louis Medical Review Association.
- ↑ Transactions of the First Pan-American Medical Congress, Part 2. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1895.
- ↑ Flint, Austin. Handbook of physiology.
- ↑ Sebastian, Anton. A Dictionary of the History of Medicine.
- ↑ Wain, Harry. The story behind the word: some interesting origins of medical terms.
- ↑ Bogousslavsky, Julien. Following Charcot: A Forgotten History of Neurology and Psychiatry.
- ↑ Landmark Papers in General Surgery (Graham MacKay, Richard Molloy, Patrick O'Dwyer ed.).
- ↑ Landmark Papers in General Surgery (Graham MacKay, Richard Molloy, Patrick O'Dwyer ed.).
- ↑ Jarnagin, William R. Blumgart's Surgery of the Liver, Pancreas and Biliary Tract E-Book: Expert Consult - Online.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 "A clinical study of chronic pancreatitis" (PDF). gut.bmj.com. Retrieved 19 September 2018.
- ↑ Chronic Pancreatitis: From Basic Research to Clinical Treatment (Zhao-Shen Li, Zhuan Liao, Jian-Min Chen, Claude Férec ed.).
- ↑ Cruickshank, Alan H. Pathology of the Pancreas.
- ↑ "American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases". choosingwisely.org. Retrieved 19 September 2018.
- ↑ "Gut". gut.bmj.com. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
- ↑ "Endoscopy Journal". esge.com. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
- ↑ In Her Lifetime: Female Morbidity and Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa. Committee to Study Female Morbidity and Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa, Institute of Medicine.
- ↑ Hakim, Nadey. Introduction to Organ Transplantation.
- ↑ Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology in Liver Transplantation (E. Bücheler, Volkmar Nicolas, C.E. Broelsch, X. Rogiers, G. Krupski ed.).
- ↑ "HEPAHEALTH Project Report -- risk factors and the burden of liver disease in Europe and selected Central Asian countries". eurekalert.org. Retrieved 19 September 2018.
- ↑ "European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL". bionity.com. Retrieved 19 September 2018.
- ↑ "Foundation for Liver Research". liver-research.org.uk. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
- ↑ "List of Issues Hepatology". journal-of-hepatology.eu. Retrieved 19 September 2018.
- ↑ Kuntz, Erwin; Kuntz, Hans-Dieter. Hepatology: Textbook and Atlas.
- ↑ Litynski, GS. "Erich Mühe and the rejection of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (1985): a surgeon ahead of his time.". PMC 3015244. PMID 10036125.
- ↑ Robotic Approaches to Colon and Rectal Surgery (Howard Ross, Sang Lee, Bradley J. Champagne, Alessio Pigazzi, David E. Rivadeneira ed.).
- ↑ 31.0 31.1 Essentials of Pediatric Endoscopic Surgery (Amulya K. Saxena, Michael E. Höllwarth ed.).
- ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 Litynski, Grzegorz S. "Mouret, Dubois, and Perissat: The Laparoscopic Breakthrough in Europe (1987-1988)". PMC 3015318. PMID 10444020.
- ↑ "Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology". hindawi.com. Retrieved 19 September 2018.
- ↑ "European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology".
- ↑ "Pre-1990 transfusions may have infected thousands with hepatitis C". edition.cnn.com. Retrieved 21 September 2018.
- ↑ Pitt, Henry A. "International Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association: who are we and where are we going?". PMC 2023894. PMID 18333134. doi:10.1080/13651820600835967.
- ↑ "Volume 1, Issue 1, 1 February 1995". academic.oup.com. Retrieved 19 September 2018.
- ↑ "Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology". scimagojr.com. Retrieved 21 September 2018.
- ↑ "OUR STORY". worldhepatitisalliance.org. Retrieved 19 September 2018.
- ↑ "Journal of Crohn's and Colitis". academic.oup.com. Retrieved 19 September 2018.
- ↑ "World Journal of Hepatology". wjgnet.com. Retrieved 4 September 2018.
