Difference between revisions of "Timeline of pollution in Beijing"
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| 1980s || || || || Beijing starts to build its air quality monitoring system.<ref name="Air pollution control in Beijing">{{cite web |title=Air pollution control in Beijing |url=https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/27645/airPolCh_EN.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |website=wedocs.unep.org |accessdate=13 June 2019}}</ref> | | 1980s || || || || Beijing starts to build its air quality monitoring system.<ref name="Air pollution control in Beijing">{{cite web |title=Air pollution control in Beijing |url=https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/27645/airPolCh_EN.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |website=wedocs.unep.org |accessdate=13 June 2019}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 1986 || || {{w|Air pollution}} || Beijing experiences photochemical smog in the summer.<ref>{{cite book |title=Energy Futures and Urban Air Pollution: Challenges for China and the United States |publisher=Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Engineering, National Research Council, National Academy of Engineering, Policy and Global Affairs, Development, Security, and Cooperation, Committee on Energy Futures and Air Pollution in Urban China and the United States |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=gxFkAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT118&lpg=PT118&dq=%22pollution%22+%22beijing%22+%221980..1989%22&source=bl&ots=7yil2y6gsG&sig=ACfU3U1w2bbtod9m6jlTb1oHY49SWWp8Ew&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjq7e_OnpbiAhWlFbkGHQwwAAsQ6AEwB3oECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22pollution%22%20%22beijing%22%20%221980..1989%22&f=false}}</ref> | + | | 1986 || || {{w|Air pollution}} || || Beijing experiences photochemical smog in the summer.<ref>{{cite book |title=Energy Futures and Urban Air Pollution: Challenges for China and the United States |publisher=Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Engineering, National Research Council, National Academy of Engineering, Policy and Global Affairs, Development, Security, and Cooperation, Committee on Energy Futures and Air Pollution in Urban China and the United States |url=https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=gxFkAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT118&lpg=PT118&dq=%22pollution%22+%22beijing%22+%221980..1989%22&source=bl&ots=7yil2y6gsG&sig=ACfU3U1w2bbtod9m6jlTb1oHY49SWWp8Ew&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjq7e_OnpbiAhWlFbkGHQwwAAsQ6AEwB3oECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22pollution%22%20%22beijing%22%20%221980..1989%22&f=false}}</ref> |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 1988 || || || Beijing’s municipal government maintains a preventative policy of eradicating the rodents, which would dramatically reduce rat numbers.<ref name="Beijing Urbanizes">{{cite web |title=Beijing Urbanizes, and a Much-Loved Bird Vanishes From the City |url=https://www.sixthtone.com/news/1003954/beijing-urbanizes%2C-and-a-much-loved-bird-vanishes-from-the-city |website=sixthtone.com |accessdate=12 May 2019}}</ref> | + | | 1988 || || || || Beijing’s municipal government maintains a preventative policy of eradicating the rodents, which would dramatically reduce rat numbers.<ref name="Beijing Urbanizes">{{cite web |title=Beijing Urbanizes, and a Much-Loved Bird Vanishes From the City |url=https://www.sixthtone.com/news/1003954/beijing-urbanizes%2C-and-a-much-loved-bird-vanishes-from-the-city |website=sixthtone.com |accessdate=12 May 2019}}</ref> |
|- | |- | ||
| 1998 || || {{w|Air pollution}} || Program || Beijing begins an intensified air pollution control program, and begins to publish weekly air quality reports.<ref>{{cite web |title=A review of 20 Years’ Air Pollution Control in Beijing |url=https://www.unenvironment.org/resources/report/review-20-years-air-pollution-control-beijing |website=unenvironment.org |accessdate=13 June 2019}}</ref><ref name="Improving Urban Air Quality in China: Beijing Case Study"/> | | 1998 || || {{w|Air pollution}} || Program || Beijing begins an intensified air pollution control program, and begins to publish weekly air quality reports.<ref>{{cite web |title=A review of 20 Years’ Air Pollution Control in Beijing |url=https://www.unenvironment.org/resources/report/review-20-years-air-pollution-control-beijing |website=unenvironment.org |accessdate=13 June 2019}}</ref><ref name="Improving Urban Air Quality in China: Beijing Case Study"/> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 2008–2009 || || || Air quality in Beijing improves significantly during and after the Olympics, but most of the effect fades away by the end of October 2009.<ref name="Air Pollution Control Policies in China: A Retrospective and Prospects">{{cite journal |last1=Jin |first1=Yana |last2=Andersson |first2=Henrik |last3=Zhang |first3=Shiqiu |title=Air Pollution Control Policies in China: A Retrospective and Prospects |doi=10.3390/ijerph13121219 |pmid=27941665 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5201360/ |pmc=5201360}}</ref> | + | | 2008–2009 || || || || Air quality in Beijing improves significantly during and after the Olympics, but most of the effect fades away by the end of October 2009.<ref name="Air Pollution Control Policies in China: A Retrospective and Prospects">{{cite journal |last1=Jin |first1=Yana |last2=Andersson |first2=Henrik |last3=Zhang |first3=Shiqiu |title=Air Pollution Control Policies in China: A Retrospective and Prospects |doi=10.3390/ijerph13121219 |pmid=27941665 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5201360/ |pmc=5201360}}</ref> |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 1999 || January 1 || Policy || Beijing introduces emission standard for exhaust pollutants from light-duty vehicles.<ref name="Improving Urban Air Quality in China: Beijing Case Study"/> | + | | 1999 || January 1 || || Policy || Beijing introduces emission standard for exhaust pollutants from light-duty vehicles.<ref name="Improving Urban Air Quality in China: Beijing Case Study"/> |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 1999 || April 1 || Policy || Beijing introduces mission standard for pollutants at double idle speed from vehicle with petrol engine, and for smoke at free acceleration from farm vehicles.<ref name="Improving Urban Air Quality in China: Beijing Case Study"/> | + | | 1999 || April 1 || || Policy || Beijing introduces mission standard for pollutants at double idle speed from vehicle with petrol engine, and for smoke at free acceleration from farm vehicles.<ref name="Improving Urban Air Quality in China: Beijing Case Study"/> |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 2000 || || {{w|Air pollution}} || Beijing starts publishing daily reports on its air quality.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Chen |first1=Wei |last2=Wang |first2=Fusheng |last3=Xiao |first3=Guofeng |last4=Wu |first4=Kai |last5=Zhang |first5=Shixuan |title=Air Quality of Beijing and Impacts of the New Ambient Air Quality Standard |doi=10.3390/atmos6081243 |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/6/8/1243/pdf |accessdate=}}</ref> | + | | 2000 || || {{w|Air pollution}} || || Beijing starts publishing daily reports on its air quality.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Chen |first1=Wei |last2=Wang |first2=Fusheng |last3=Xiao |first3=Guofeng |last4=Wu |first4=Kai |last5=Zhang |first5=Shixuan |title=Air Quality of Beijing and Impacts of the New Ambient Air Quality Standard |doi=10.3390/atmos6081243 |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/6/8/1243/pdf |accessdate=}}</ref> |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 2001 || January 1 || {{w|Air pollution}} || Beijing introduces emission standard for exhaust emissions from motorcycles and mopeds.<ref name="Improving Urban Air Quality in China: Beijing Case Study"/> | + | | 2001 || January 1 || {{w|Air pollution}} || || Beijing introduces emission standard for exhaust emissions from motorcycles and mopeds.<ref name="Improving Urban Air Quality in China: Beijing Case Study"/> |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 2002 || March 1 || {{w|Air pollution}} || Beijing introduces integrated emission standard of boilers pollutants.<ref name="Improving Urban Air Quality in China: Beijing Case Study"/> | + | | 2002 || March 1 || {{w|Air pollution}} || || Beijing introduces integrated emission standard of boilers pollutants.<ref name="Improving Urban Air Quality in China: Beijing Case Study"/> |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 2003 || || {{w|Air pollution}} || Euro-II emission standards are implemented for new vehicles in Beijing.<ref name="Improving Urban Air Quality in China: Beijing Case Study"/> | + | | 2003 || || {{w|Air pollution}} || || Euro-II emission standards are implemented for new vehicles in Beijing.<ref name="Improving Urban Air Quality in China: Beijing Case Study"/> |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 2003 || || {{w|Air pollution}} || Beijing adopts limits and measurement methods for exhaust smoke under lugdown test from agricultural vehicles, motorcycles and mopeds under steady-state loaded mode, exhaust pollutants from gasoline vehicles | + | | 2003 || || {{w|Air pollution}} || || Beijing adopts limits and measurement methods for exhaust smoke under lugdown test from agricultural vehicles, motorcycles and mopeds under steady-state loaded mode, exhaust pollutants from gasoline vehicles |
under steady-state loaded mode, and exhaust smoke standard for diesel vehicle under lug-down test.<ref name="Improving Urban Air Quality in China: Beijing Case Study"/> | under steady-state loaded mode, and exhaust smoke standard for diesel vehicle under lug-down test.<ref name="Improving Urban Air Quality in China: Beijing Case Study"/> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 2003 || April 1 || {{w|Air pollution}} || Beijing adopts limits and measurement methods for exhaust pollutants from nonroad diesel engines.<ref name="Improving Urban Air Quality in China: Beijing Case Study"/> | + | | 2003 || April 1 || {{w|Air pollution}} || || Beijing adopts limits and measurement methods for exhaust pollutants from nonroad diesel engines.<ref name="Improving Urban Air Quality in China: Beijing Case Study"/> |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 2003 || October 1 || {{w|Air pollution}} || Beijing adopts emission controls and limits for oil-gas from gas stations, emission controls and measurement standard for oil-gas from fuel depots, and emission controls and measurement standard for oil-gas from tank trucks.<ref name="Improving Urban Air Quality in China: Beijing Case Study"/> | + | | 2003 || October 1 || {{w|Air pollution}} || || Beijing adopts emission controls and limits for oil-gas from gas stations, emission controls and measurement standard for oil-gas from fuel depots, and emission controls and measurement standard for oil-gas from tank trucks.<ref name="Improving Urban Air Quality in China: Beijing Case Study"/> |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 2008 || January || {{w|Air pollution}} || Beijing becomes the first city in China to require the Chinese equivalent to the Euro 4 {{w|emission standard}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.automotiveworld.com/AEM/content.asp?contentid=65589 |title=China: Beijing launches Euro 4 standards |publisher=Automotiveworld.com |date=4 January 2008 |accessdate=1 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100427051912/http://www.automotiveworld.com/news/emerging-markets/65589-china-beijing-launches-euro-4-standards |archive-date=27 April 2010}}</ref> | + | | 2008 || January || {{w|Air pollution}} || || Beijing becomes the first city in China to require the Chinese equivalent to the Euro 4 {{w|emission standard}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.automotiveworld.com/AEM/content.asp?contentid=65589 |title=China: Beijing launches Euro 4 standards |publisher=Automotiveworld.com |date=4 January 2008 |accessdate=1 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100427051912/http://www.automotiveworld.com/news/emerging-markets/65589-china-beijing-launches-euro-4-standards |archive-date=27 April 2010}}</ref> |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 2008 || || || Beijing holds the Olympic Games, and starts policy to eradicate cockroaches, flies, and mosquitoes in a bid to make the city cleaner and more “civilized.” <ref name="Beijing Urbanizes"/> | + | | 2008 || || || || Beijing holds the Olympic Games, and starts policy to eradicate cockroaches, flies, and mosquitoes in a bid to make the city cleaner and more “civilized.” <ref name="Beijing Urbanizes"/> |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 2013 || || {{w|Air pollution}} || As part pof a campaign, Beijing starts phasing out coal-fired stoves in the city. Natural gas and other forms of clean energy are used to replace coal.<ref name="Beijing, northern China hit by worst pollution this year">{{cite web |title=Beijing, northern China hit by worst pollution this year|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/environment/pollution/beijing-northern-china-hit-by-worst-pollution-this-year/articleshow/66618105.cms |website=economictimes.indiatimes.com |accessdate=12 May 2019}}</ref> | + | | 2013 || || {{w|Air pollution}} || || As part pof a campaign, Beijing starts phasing out coal-fired stoves in the city. Natural gas and other forms of clean energy are used to replace coal.<ref name="Beijing, northern China hit by worst pollution this year">{{cite web |title=Beijing, northern China hit by worst pollution this year|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/environment/pollution/beijing-northern-china-hit-by-worst-pollution-this-year/articleshow/66618105.cms |website=economictimes.indiatimes.com |accessdate=12 May 2019}}</ref> |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 2013 || || {{w|Air pollution}} || "In January 2013, Beijing experienced a prolonged bout of smog so severe that citizens dubbed it an “airpocalypse”; the concentration of hazardous particles was forty times the level deemed safe by the World Health Organization (WHO)." <ref name="China’s Environmental Crisis">{{cite web |title=China’s Environmental Crisis |url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/chinas-environmental-crisis |website=cfr.org |accessdate=13 May 2019}}</ref> | + | | 2013 || || {{w|Air pollution}} || || "In January 2013, Beijing experienced a prolonged bout of smog so severe that citizens dubbed it an “airpocalypse”; the concentration of hazardous particles was forty times the level deemed safe by the World Health Organization (WHO)." <ref name="China’s Environmental Crisis">{{cite web |title=China’s Environmental Crisis |url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/chinas-environmental-crisis |website=cfr.org |accessdate=13 May 2019}}</ref> |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 2015 || December || {{w|Air pollution}} || "In December 2015, Beijing issued red alerts for severe pollution—the first since the emergency alert system was established. The municipal government closed schools, limited road traffic, halted outdoor construction, and paused factory manufacturing. "<ref name="China’s Environmental Crisis"/> | + | | 2015 || December || {{w|Air pollution}} || || "In December 2015, Beijing issued red alerts for severe pollution—the first since the emergency alert system was established. The municipal government closed schools, limited road traffic, halted outdoor construction, and paused factory manufacturing. "<ref name="China’s Environmental Crisis"/> |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 2015 || December || {{w|Air pollution}} || "In December 2015, the Asian Development Bank approved a $300 million loan to help China address the capital region’s choking smog."<ref name="China’s Environmental Crisis"/> | + | | 2015 || December || {{w|Air pollution}} || || "In December 2015, the Asian Development Bank approved a $300 million loan to help China address the capital region’s choking smog."<ref name="China’s Environmental Crisis"/> |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 2015 || || {{w|Water pollution}} || A reported 1.96 million cubic meters of untreated wastewater was discharged in Beijing. This water has been ruled unusable for agricultural, industrial and even decorative purposes dumped into rivers and lakes.<ref name="theguardian.com"/> | + | | 2015 || || {{w|Water pollution}} || || A reported 1.96 million cubic meters of untreated wastewater was discharged in Beijing. This water has been ruled unusable for agricultural, industrial and even decorative purposes dumped into rivers and lakes.<ref name="theguardian.com"/> |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 2017 || January || {{w|Water pollution}} || According to study, 39.9% of water is Beijing is so polluted that it is essentially functionless.<ref name="theguardian.com">{{cite web |title=In China, the water you drink is as dangerous as the air you breathe |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development-professionals-network/2017/jun/02/china-water-dangerous-pollution-greenpeace |website=theguardian.com |accessdate=19 May 2019}}</ref> | + | | 2017 || January || {{w|Water pollution}} || || According to study, 39.9% of water is Beijing is so polluted that it is essentially functionless.<ref name="theguardian.com">{{cite web |title=In China, the water you drink is as dangerous as the air you breathe |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development-professionals-network/2017/jun/02/china-water-dangerous-pollution-greenpeace |website=theguardian.com |accessdate=19 May 2019}}</ref> |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 2017 || || {{w|Air pollution}} || Average PM2.5 pollution level in Beijing remains 65% above the national standard – and six times above the {{w|World Health Organization}} guidelines.<ref name="Beijing Urbanizes"/> | + | | 2017 || || {{w|Air pollution}} || || Average PM2.5 pollution level in Beijing remains 65% above the national standard – and six times above the {{w|World Health Organization}} guidelines.<ref name="Beijing Urbanizes"/> |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 2017 || October || {{w|Air pollution}} || Beijing starts the biggest shutdown of steel factories in history. The measures are a part of an aggressive nationwide action plan that aims to cut wintertime particulate pollution by 15% year-on-year over the next five months.<ref name="Beautiful China">{{cite web |title=‘Beautiful China’: Beijing starts the biggest shutdown of steel factories in history |url=https://unearthed.greenpeace.org/2017/10/30/china-starts-the-biggest-shutdown-of-steel-factories-in-history/ |website=unearthed.greenpeace.org |accessdate=14 May 2019}}</ref> | + | | 2017 || October || {{w|Air pollution}} || || Beijing starts the biggest shutdown of steel factories in history. The measures are a part of an aggressive nationwide action plan that aims to cut wintertime particulate pollution by 15% year-on-year over the next five months.<ref name="Beautiful China">{{cite web |title=‘Beautiful China’: Beijing starts the biggest shutdown of steel factories in history |url=https://unearthed.greenpeace.org/2017/10/30/china-starts-the-biggest-shutdown-of-steel-factories-in-history/ |website=unearthed.greenpeace.org |accessdate=14 May 2019}}</ref> |
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 10:51, 13 June 2019
This is a timeline of FIXME.
Contents
Big picture
| Time period | Development summary |
|---|---|
| 1990s | Air pollution in Beijing becomes very severe.[1] |
Full timeline
| Year | Month and date | Event type | Details | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1980s | Beijing starts to build its air quality monitoring system.[2] | |||
| 1986 | Air pollution | Beijing experiences photochemical smog in the summer.[3] | ||
| 1988 | Beijing’s municipal government maintains a preventative policy of eradicating the rodents, which would dramatically reduce rat numbers.[4] | |||
| 1998 | Air pollution | Program | Beijing begins an intensified air pollution control program, and begins to publish weekly air quality reports.[5][1] | |
| 2008–2009 | Air quality in Beijing improves significantly during and after the Olympics, but most of the effect fades away by the end of October 2009.[6] | |||
| 1999 | January 1 | Policy | Beijing introduces emission standard for exhaust pollutants from light-duty vehicles.[1] | |
| 1999 | April 1 | Policy | Beijing introduces mission standard for pollutants at double idle speed from vehicle with petrol engine, and for smoke at free acceleration from farm vehicles.[1] | |
| 2000 | Air pollution | Beijing starts publishing daily reports on its air quality.[7] | ||
| 2001 | January 1 | Air pollution | Beijing introduces emission standard for exhaust emissions from motorcycles and mopeds.[1] | |
| 2002 | March 1 | Air pollution | Beijing introduces integrated emission standard of boilers pollutants.[1] | |
| 2003 | Air pollution | Euro-II emission standards are implemented for new vehicles in Beijing.[1] | ||
| 2003 | Air pollution | Beijing adopts limits and measurement methods for exhaust smoke under lugdown test from agricultural vehicles, motorcycles and mopeds under steady-state loaded mode, exhaust pollutants from gasoline vehicles
under steady-state loaded mode, and exhaust smoke standard for diesel vehicle under lug-down test.[1] | ||
| 2003 | April 1 | Air pollution | Beijing adopts limits and measurement methods for exhaust pollutants from nonroad diesel engines.[1] | |
| 2003 | October 1 | Air pollution | Beijing adopts emission controls and limits for oil-gas from gas stations, emission controls and measurement standard for oil-gas from fuel depots, and emission controls and measurement standard for oil-gas from tank trucks.[1] | |
| 2008 | January | Air pollution | Beijing becomes the first city in China to require the Chinese equivalent to the Euro 4 emission standard.[8] | |
| 2008 | Beijing holds the Olympic Games, and starts policy to eradicate cockroaches, flies, and mosquitoes in a bid to make the city cleaner and more “civilized.” [4] | |||
| 2013 | Air pollution | As part pof a campaign, Beijing starts phasing out coal-fired stoves in the city. Natural gas and other forms of clean energy are used to replace coal.[9] | ||
| 2013 | Air pollution | "In January 2013, Beijing experienced a prolonged bout of smog so severe that citizens dubbed it an “airpocalypse”; the concentration of hazardous particles was forty times the level deemed safe by the World Health Organization (WHO)." [10] | ||
| 2015 | December | Air pollution | "In December 2015, Beijing issued red alerts for severe pollution—the first since the emergency alert system was established. The municipal government closed schools, limited road traffic, halted outdoor construction, and paused factory manufacturing. "[10] | |
| 2015 | December | Air pollution | "In December 2015, the Asian Development Bank approved a $300 million loan to help China address the capital region’s choking smog."[10] | |
| 2015 | Water pollution | A reported 1.96 million cubic meters of untreated wastewater was discharged in Beijing. This water has been ruled unusable for agricultural, industrial and even decorative purposes dumped into rivers and lakes.[11] | ||
| 2017 | January | Water pollution | According to study, 39.9% of water is Beijing is so polluted that it is essentially functionless.[11] | |
| 2017 | Air pollution | Average PM2.5 pollution level in Beijing remains 65% above the national standard – and six times above the World Health Organization guidelines.[4] | ||
| 2017 | October | Air pollution | Beijing starts the biggest shutdown of steel factories in history. The measures are a part of an aggressive nationwide action plan that aims to cut wintertime particulate pollution by 15% year-on-year over the next five months.[12] |
Meta information on the timeline
How the timeline was built
The initial version of the timeline was written by User:Sebastian.
Funding information for this timeline is available.
Feedback and comments
Feedback for the timeline can be provided at the following places:
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What the timeline is still missing
Timeline update strategy
See also
External links
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 "Improving Urban Air Quality in China: Beijing Case Study". tandfonline.com. Retrieved 13 May 2019.
- ↑ "Air pollution control in Beijing" (PDF). wedocs.unep.org. Retrieved 13 June 2019.
- ↑ Energy Futures and Urban Air Pollution: Challenges for China and the United States. Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Engineering, National Research Council, National Academy of Engineering, Policy and Global Affairs, Development, Security, and Cooperation, Committee on Energy Futures and Air Pollution in Urban China and the United States.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "Beijing Urbanizes, and a Much-Loved Bird Vanishes From the City". sixthtone.com. Retrieved 12 May 2019.
- ↑ "A review of 20 Years' Air Pollution Control in Beijing". unenvironment.org. Retrieved 13 June 2019.
- ↑ Jin, Yana; Andersson, Henrik; Zhang, Shiqiu. "Air Pollution Control Policies in China: A Retrospective and Prospects". PMC 5201360
. PMID 27941665. doi:10.3390/ijerph13121219.
- ↑ Chen, Wei; Wang, Fusheng; Xiao, Guofeng; Wu, Kai; Zhang, Shixuan. "Air Quality of Beijing and Impacts of the New Ambient Air Quality Standard". doi:10.3390/atmos6081243.
- ↑ "China: Beijing launches Euro 4 standards". Automotiveworld.com. 4 January 2008. Archived from the original on 27 April 2010. Retrieved 1 June 2010.
- ↑ "Beijing, northern China hit by worst pollution this year". economictimes.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 12 May 2019.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 "China's Environmental Crisis". cfr.org. Retrieved 13 May 2019.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 "In China, the water you drink is as dangerous as the air you breathe". theguardian.com. Retrieved 19 May 2019.
- ↑ "'Beautiful China': Beijing starts the biggest shutdown of steel factories in history". unearthed.greenpeace.org. Retrieved 14 May 2019.
