Timeline of bacteriology
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This is a timeline of FIXME.
Contents
Big picture
| Time period | Development summary |
|---|---|
| 1854–1920 | This period is known as the "golden age of microbiology", in which standardized microbiological techniques are developed and most of the disease-causing bacteria are discovered. Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch stand out as the great scientists in the field.[1] |
Full timeline
| Year | Event type | Details | Geographical location |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 billion BC | A bacterium becomes symbiotic with the cell from which animals and plants later develop. Chromosomes from this bacterium’s mitochondria would later carry 37 genes in the human body.[2] | ||
| 1676 | Dutch merchant Antony Van Leeuwenhoek observes microorganisms using a single lens microscope designed by him and names them animalcules.[3] | ||
| 1749 | John Needham "germination theory".[4] | ||
| 1762 | Austrian medical doctor Marcus Antonius Von Plenciz in Vienna publishes a germ theory of infectious diseases and reports that each disease is caused by a separate organism.[4][5][1][6] | Austria | |
| 1828 | German naturalist Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg coins the name bacterium.[3][7] | ||
| c.1830 | "c.1830. Turning to the study of microscopic organisms in water, soil, and dust, Ehrenberg described many new types of unicells, Protista, diatoms and general infusoria. He also demonstrated that sedimentary rocks, such as chalk, are composed of microscopic shells of ancient creatures." | ||
| 1832 | "1832. G.E. Winslow publishes a standard text on cholera from the pre-bacterial era, Essay on the Nature, Symptoms and Treatment of Asiatic Cholera,1832, New York: Sleight & Robinson." | ||
| 1833 | "1833. Johannes Peter Mueller (1801-1858), now considered the founder of modern physiology, is made Professor of Anatomy and Physiology at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitaet (later Humboldt-Universitaet, Humboldt University) of Berlin. His students included three pioneers in bacteriology, Schwann, Remak, and Virchow." | ||
| 1835 | Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg coins the term Bacillus to contain rod-shaped bacteria.[8][9][10] | ||
| 1839 | " Theodor Schwann (1810-1882) demonstrates the cellular basis of the body." | ||
| 1840 | " Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle offers his theory of contagion in Von den Miasmen und Kontagion." | ||
| 1844 | " Agostino Bassi (1773-1856), an Italian entomologist, applies to human beings his theories regarding the role played by pathogenic organisms in infectious diseases." | ||
| 1847 | " Cranston R. Low and T.C. Dodds publish the illustrated Atlas of Bacteriology. Edinburgh: E. & S. Livingstone" | ||
| 1857 | ". Carl Zeiss (1816-1888), a German optical-instrument maker, produces his Stand I-compound model microscope." | ||
| 1858 | " Louis Pasteur published Memoire sur la fermentation appelée lactique [Memoir on Lactic Fermentation]. — the foundation stone of the cell theory, microbiology, and bacteriology." | ||
| 1865 | British surgeon Joseph Lister develops antiseptic surgery, which greatly increases survival rates.[11] | ||
| c.1868 | German botanist Ferdinand Cohn starts studying bacteria. From his accurate studies of their morphology, or bodily form, Cohn is among the first to attempt to arrange the different varieties of bacteria into genera and species on a systematic basis.[12] Cohn studies on algae and photosynthetic bacteria would lead him to describe several bacteria including Bacillus and Beggiatoa. The field of bacteriology is considered by many to have been founded by Ferdinand Cohn.[3] | ||
| 1876 | Robert Koch proposes a relationship between causal agent and disease, thus establishing medical bacteriology.[4] | ||
| 1878 | Koch observes bacteria bearing a close resemblance to staphylococci.[13] | ||
| 1878 | British pioneer of antiseptic surgery Joseph Lister becomes the first person to obtain a pure culture of a bacterium (Streptococcus lactis) in a liquid medium. Lister isolates a pure culture from sour milk and names it Bacterium lactis.[14][15][16][17] | ||
| 1880 | Pasteur cultivates for the first time bacteria in a fluid medium.[13] | ||
| 1880 | Publication | George M. Sternberg M.D. translation of Les bactéries becomes the first general bacteriology book in English.[18] | |
| 1881 | German Jewish physician Paul Ehrlich introduces the dye methylene blue into bacteriology.[19] | ||
| 1881 | A. Ogston isolates pathogenic Staphiloccocus.[4] | ||
| 1882 | German pathologist and microbiologist Carl Friedländer discovers the microorganism that he believes causes bacterial pneumonia. The organism would later be named Bacillus friedlanderi.[20][21][22] | ||
| 1883 | Belfield publishes the first original general bacteriology book in English, On the Relations of Micro-organisms to Disease.[18] | ||
| 1884 | A. Nicolaier discovers the causal agent of tetanus.[4] | ||
| 1884 | Hans Christian Gram discovers a differential stain used the identification of bacteria.[4] | ||
| 1886 | H. Hellriegel and H. Wilfarth establish the relationship between legumes and nitrogen fixing bacteria.[4] | ||
| 1886 | F. Frankel isolates Pneumococcus bacteria.[4] | ||
| 1888 | "M.W. Beijerinck" "isolation and cultivation of root nodule bacteria".[4] | ||
| 1890 | Sergeius N. Winogradsky is the first to demonstrate N2 fixation by free living soil bacteria.[4] | ||
| 1894 | A. Yersing discovers Pasteurella pestis.[4] | ||
| 1894 | Japanese physician Kitasato Shibasaburō discovers the plague bacillus.[4] | Hong Kong | |
| 1898 | "kiyoshi shigo" "diagnosis of dysentry bacteria".[4] | ||
| 1910 | E. F. Smith describes Corynebacterium.[4] | ||
| 1923 | The Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology is published. It is written to provide a modern identification key for bacteria but little of it is based on direct experience of the organisms.[15] | ||
| 1928 | A. Fleming discovers the penicilin.[4] | ||
| 1928 | F. Griffith discovers transformation in bacteria.[4] | ||
| 1944 | O. T. Avery, C.M. Macleod and M. McCarty show the significance of DNA as hereditary material by studies of transformation in bacteria.[4] | ||
| 1946 | Genetic recombination through bacterial conjugation is described.[4] | ||
| 1952 | N. Zinder and J. Lederberg discover the transduction in bacteria.[4] | ||
| 1971 | B. Pierson and K. Castenholz discover the green non-sulphus bacteria Chloroflexus.[4] |
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See also
External links
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Vasanthakumari, R. Textbook of Microbiology.
- ↑ "Timeline of Microbiology". timelines.ws. Retrieved 14 February 2018.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Saini, B.L. Introduction to Biotechnology. Retrieved 14 February 2018.
- ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17 4.18 4.19 "History of Virology and Bacteriology". biologydiscussion.com. Retrieved 14 February 2018.
- ↑ Murchie, Guy. The Seven Mysteries of Life: An Exploration in Science & Philosophy.
- ↑ Chia, Mantak; Dao, Johnathon. The Eight Immortal Healers: Taoist Wisdom for Radiant Health.
- ↑ Breverton, Terry. Breverton's Encyclopedia of Inventions: A Compendium of Technological Leaps, Groundbreaking Discoveries and Scientific Breakthroughs that Changed the World.
- ↑ Biofilms in the Food and Beverage Industries (P M Fratamico, B A Annous, N W Guenther ed.).
- ↑ Breverton, Terry. Breverton's Encyclopedia of Inventions: A Compendium of Technological Leaps, Groundbreaking Discoveries and Scientific Breakthroughs that Changed the World.
- ↑ Islam, M. Tofazzal; Rahman, Mahfuz; Pandey, Piyush; Jha, Chaitanya Kumar; Aeron, Abhinav. Bacilli and Agrobiotechnology.
- ↑ Graf, Noreen M.; Millington, Michael J. Psychosocial Aspects of Disability: Insider Perspectives and Strategies for Counselors.
- ↑ "Ferdinand Cohn". britannica.com. Retrieved 14 February 2018.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Fairbrother, R. W. A Text-Book of Medical Bacteriology. Retrieved 14 February 2018.
- ↑ Okeke, Iruka N. Divining Without Seeds: The Case for Strengthening Laboratory Medicine in Africa. p. 165.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 Logan, N. A. Bacterial Systematics. Retrieved 14 February 2018.
- ↑ Hui, Yiu H. Handbook of Food Science, Technology, and Engineering, Volume 4.
- ↑ Handbook of Food and Beverage Fermentation Technology (Y. H. Hui, Lisbeth Meunier-Goddik, Jytte Josephsen, Wai-Kit Nip, Peggy S. Stanfield ed.).
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science, Volumes 85-86. Illinois State Academy of Science. Retrieved 14 February 2018.
- ↑ Foster, W. D. A History of Medical Bacteriology and Immunology. Retrieved 14 February 2018.
- ↑ Christodoulides, Myron. Meningitis: Cellular and Molecular Basis. Retrieved 15 February 2018.
- ↑ Grove, David. Tapeworms, Lice, and Prions: A compendium of unpleasant infections.
- ↑ Austrian, Robert. Life with the Pneumococcus: Notes from the Bedside, Laboratory, and Library.
