Timeline of bacteriology
From Timelines
This is a timeline of bacteriology.
Contents
Big picture
| Time period | Development summary |
|---|---|
| 1854–1920 | This period is known as the "golden age of microbiology", in which standardized microbiological techniques are developed and most of the disease-causing bacteria are discovered. Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch stand out as the great scientists in the field.[1] |
Full timeline
| Year | Event type | Details | Geographical location |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 billion BC | A bacterium becomes symbiotic with the cell from which animals and plants later develop. Chromosomes from this bacterium’s mitochondria would later carry 37 genes in the human body.[2] | ||
| 1590 | Z. Janssen and H. Janssen produce the operational compound microscope.[3] | ||
| 1676 | Dutch merchant Antony Van Leeuwenhoek observes microorganisms using a single lens microscope designed by him and names them animalcules.[4] Van Leeuwenhoek is considered the first to discover microorganisms.[5] | ||
| 1749 | John Needham "germination theory".[3] | ||
| 1762 | Austrian medical doctor Marcus Antonius Von Plenciz in Vienna publishes a germ theory of infectious diseases and reports that each disease is caused by a separate organism.[3][6][1][7] | Austria | |
| 1828 | German naturalist Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg coins the name bacterium.[4][8] | ||
| c.1830 | "c.1830. Turning to the study of microscopic organisms in water, soil, and dust, Ehrenberg described many new types of unicells, Protista, diatoms and general infusoria. He also demonstrated that sedimentary rocks, such as chalk, are composed of microscopic shells of ancient creatures." | ||
| 1832 | "1832. G.E. Winslow publishes a standard text on cholera from the pre-bacterial era, Essay on the Nature, Symptoms and Treatment of Asiatic Cholera,1832, New York: Sleight & Robinson." | ||
| 1833 | "1833. Johannes Peter Mueller (1801-1858), now considered the founder of modern physiology, is made Professor of Anatomy and Physiology at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitaet (later Humboldt-Universitaet, Humboldt University) of Berlin. His students included three pioneers in bacteriology, Schwann, Remak, and Virchow." | ||
| 1835 | Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg coins the term Bacillus to contain rod-shaped bacteria.[9][10][11] | ||
| 1839 | German physiologist Theodor Schwann demonstrates the cellular basis of the body, asserting that all organs and tissues are composed of a multitude of structural units called cells.[12][13][14] | ||
| 1840 | German pathologist Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle offers his theory of contagion by arguing that the "material of contagions is endowed with a life of its own, which is, in relation to the diseased body, a parasitic organism.[15] | ||
| 1844 | Italian entomologist Agostino Bassi asserts that microorganisms cause human disease.[5] | ||
| 1847 | " Cranston R. Low and T.C. Dodds publish the illustrated Atlas of Bacteriology. Edinburgh: E. & S. Livingstone" | ||
| 1857 | ". Carl Zeiss (1816-1888), a German optical-instrument maker, produces his Stand I-compound model microscope." | ||
| 1858 | " Louis Pasteur published Memoire sur la fermentation appelée lactique [Memoir on Lactic Fermentation]. — the foundation stone of the cell theory, microbiology, and bacteriology." | ||
| 1865 | British surgeon Joseph Lister develops antiseptic surgery, which greatly increases survival rates.[16] | ||
| c.1868 | German botanist Ferdinand Cohn starts studying bacteria. From his accurate studies of their morphology, or bodily form, Cohn is among the first to attempt to arrange the different varieties of bacteria into genera and species on a systematic basis.[17] Cohn studies on algae and photosynthetic bacteria would lead him to describe several bacteria including Bacillus and Beggiatoa. The field of bacteriology is considered by many to have been founded by Ferdinand Cohn.[4] | ||
| 1876 | Louis Pasteur discards the theory of spontaneous generation and investigates the principles of pasteurization.[3] | ||
| 1876 | German physician and microbiologist Robert Koch in Berlin isolates the anthrax bacillus, and becomes the first to show a specific organism as the cause of a disease.[3][18][19][20] | Germany | |
| 1878 | Koch observes bacteria bearing a close resemblance to staphylococci.[21] | ||
| 1878 | British pioneer of antiseptic surgery Joseph Lister becomes the first person to obtain a pure culture of a bacterium (Streptococcus lactis) in a liquid medium. Lister isolates a pure culture from sour milk and names it Bacterium lactis.[22][23][24][25] | ||
| 1880 | Pasteur cultivates for the first time bacteria in a fluid medium.[21] | ||
| 1880 | Publication | George M. Sternberg M.D. translation of Les bactéries becomes the first general bacteriology book in English.[26] | |
| 1881 | German Jewish physician Paul Ehrlich introduces the dye methylene blue into bacteriology.[27] | ||
| 1881 | British surgeon Alexander Ogston, Professor at the University of Aberdeen, carries out the first detailed studies on staphylococci.[3] After injecting the bacteria into animals and producing experimental infections in the laboratory, Ogston links staphylococcus to the serious infections then called "hospital sepsis".[28][29] | United Kingdom | |
| 1882 | German pathologist and microbiologist Carl Friedländer discovers the microorganism that he believes causes bacterial pneumonia. The organism would later be named Bacillus friedlanderi.[30][31][32] | ||
| 1882 | Robert Koch discovers Mycobacterium tuberculosis as the cause of tuberculosis.[18] | ||
| 1883 | Belfield publishes the first original general bacteriology book in English, On the Relations of Micro-organisms to Disease.[26] | ||
| 1883 | Robert Koch leads an expedition to Egypt and India, and discovers bacterium Vibrio cholerae as the cause of cholera.[18] | Egypt, India | |
| 1884 | A. Nicolaier discovers the causal agent of tetanus.[3] | ||
| 1884 | Hans Christian Gram discovers a differential stain used the identification of bacteria.[3] | ||
| 1886 | H. Hellriegel and H. Wilfarth establish the relationship between legumes and nitrogen fixing bacteria.[3] | ||
| 1886 | F. Frankel isolates Pneumococcus bacteria.[3] | ||
| 1888 | "M.W. Beijerinck" "isolation and cultivation of root nodule bacteria".[3] | ||
| 1890 | Sergeius N. Winogradsky is the first to demonstrate N2 fixation by free living soil bacteria.[3] | ||
| 1894 | A. Yersing discovers Pasteurella pestis.[3] | ||
| 1894 | Japanese physician Kitasato Shibasaburō discovers the plague bacillus.[3] | Hong Kong | |
| 1898 | "kiyoshi shigo" "diagnosis of dysentry bacteria".[3] | ||
| 1910 | American plant Erwin Frink Smith publishes the earliest description of the pathogenic relationship of Corynebacterium michiganense to tomato.[3][33][34][35] Smith is considered to have played a major role in demonstrating that bacteria could cause plant disease.[36][37] | ||
| 1923 | The Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology is published. It is written to provide a modern identification key for bacteria but little of it is based on direct experience of the organisms.[23] | ||
| 1928 | Scottish bacteriologist Alexander Fleming discovers antibiotic penicillin.[3][38][39][40] | United Kingdom | |
| 1928 | F. Griffith discovers transformation in bacteria.[3] | ||
| 1944 | O. T. Avery, C.M. Macleod and M. McCarty show the significance of DNA as hereditary material by studies of transformation in bacteria.[3] | ||
| 1946 | Genetic recombination through bacterial conjugation is described.[3] | ||
| 1952 | N. Zinder and J. Lederberg discover the transduction in bacteria.[3] | ||
| 1971 | B. Pierson and K. Castenholz discover the green non-sulphus bacteria Chloroflexus.[3][41][42] |
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See also
External links
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Vasanthakumari, R. Textbook of Microbiology.
- ↑ "Timeline of Microbiology". timelines.ws. Retrieved 14 February 2018.
- ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 3.20 3.21 "History of Virology and Bacteriology". biologydiscussion.com. Retrieved 14 February 2018.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Saini, B.L. Introduction to Biotechnology. Retrieved 14 February 2018.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Arp, Robert. 1001 Ideas That Changed the Way We Think.
- ↑ Murchie, Guy. The Seven Mysteries of Life: An Exploration in Science & Philosophy.
- ↑ Chia, Mantak; Dao, Johnathon. The Eight Immortal Healers: Taoist Wisdom for Radiant Health.
- ↑ Breverton, Terry. Breverton's Encyclopedia of Inventions: A Compendium of Technological Leaps, Groundbreaking Discoveries and Scientific Breakthroughs that Changed the World.
- ↑ Biofilms in the Food and Beverage Industries (P M Fratamico, B A Annous, N W Guenther ed.).
- ↑ Breverton, Terry. Breverton's Encyclopedia of Inventions: A Compendium of Technological Leaps, Groundbreaking Discoveries and Scientific Breakthroughs that Changed the World.
- ↑ Islam, M. Tofazzal; Rahman, Mahfuz; Pandey, Piyush; Jha, Chaitanya Kumar; Aeron, Abhinav. Bacilli and Agrobiotechnology.
- ↑ Ljunggren, Bengt; Bruyn, G. W. The Nobel Prize in Medicine and the Karolinska Institute: The Story of Axel Key and Alfred Nobel.
- ↑ Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering. Facts On File, Incorporated.
- ↑ Kumar, Rajesh. Biology.
- ↑ MINDELL, David P. The Evolving World.
- ↑ Graf, Noreen M.; Millington, Michael J. Psychosocial Aspects of Disability: Insider Perspectives and Strategies for Counselors.
- ↑ "Ferdinand Cohn". britannica.com. Retrieved 14 February 2018.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 Goering, Richard; Dockrell, Hazel; Zuckerman, Mark; Chiodini, Peter L. Mims' Medical Microbiology E-Book.
- ↑ Vardaxis, Nicholas J. Immunology for the Health Sciences.
- ↑ Susser, Mervyn; Stein, Zena. Eras in Epidemiology: The Evolution of Ideas.
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 Fairbrother, R. W. A Text-Book of Medical Bacteriology. Retrieved 14 February 2018.
- ↑ Okeke, Iruka N. Divining Without Seeds: The Case for Strengthening Laboratory Medicine in Africa. p. 165.
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 Logan, N. A. Bacterial Systematics. Retrieved 14 February 2018.
- ↑ Hui, Yiu H. Handbook of Food Science, Technology, and Engineering, Volume 4.
- ↑ Handbook of Food and Beverage Fermentation Technology (Y. H. Hui, Lisbeth Meunier-Goddik, Jytte Josephsen, Wai-Kit Nip, Peggy S. Stanfield ed.).
- ↑ 26.0 26.1 Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science, Volumes 85-86. Illinois State Academy of Science. Retrieved 14 February 2018.
- ↑ Foster, W. D. A History of Medical Bacteriology and Immunology. Retrieved 14 February 2018.
- ↑ K. Altman, Lawrence. Who Goes First?: The Story of Self-Experimentation in Medicine.
- ↑ Damani, Nizam. Manual of Infection Prevention and Control. Retrieved 15 February 2018.
- ↑ Christodoulides, Myron. Meningitis: Cellular and Molecular Basis. Retrieved 15 February 2018.
- ↑ Grove, David. Tapeworms, Lice, and Prions: A compendium of unpleasant infections.
- ↑ Austrian, Robert. Life with the Pneumococcus: Notes from the Bedside, Laboratory, and Library.
- ↑ Strider, D. L. Bacterial Canker of Tomato Caused by Corynebacterium Michiganense: A Literature Review and Bibliography.
- ↑ BAGYARAJ, D. J.; RANGASWAMI, G. AGRICULTURAL MICROBIOLOGY.
- ↑ Plant Pathology Concepts and Laboratory Exercises, Third Edition (Bonnie H. Ownley, Robert N. Trigiano ed.).
- ↑ "Erwin Frink Smith". Apsnet.org. Retrieved 2018-02-15.
- ↑ Rogers, A. D. III (1952). Erwini Frink Smith. Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society. 31. p. 675.
- ↑ Hessenbruch, Arne. Reader's Guide to the History of Science.
- ↑ New Scientist 1 Mar 1984.
- ↑ Pommerville, Jeffrey C. Alcamo's Fundamentals of Microbiology.
- ↑ Clayton, Roderick K.; Sistrom, W. R. The Photosynthetic Bacteria.
- ↑ Madigan, Michael T. Studies on the Physiological Ecology of Chloroflexus Aurantiacus, a Filamentous Photosynthetic Bacterium.
