Timeline of diphtheria

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Year/period Key developments

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Year/period Type of event Event Present time geographical location
5th century BC Scientific development Diphtheria is first described by Greek physician Hippocrates.[1] Greece
1884 Scientific development German bacteriologist Friedrich Loeffler first grows diphtheria bacterium corynebacterium diphtheriae in pure culture.[2] Germany
1921 Report 206,000 cases of diphtheria and 15,520 deaths are recorded in the United States.[3] United States
1947 Medical development Combination diphtheria and tetanus toxoids for pediatric use is first licensed in the United States.[4] United States
1953 Medical development Tetanus and diphtheria toxoids (adult formulation) are first licensed in the United States, after the concentration of diphtheria toxoid is reduced.[4] United States
1974 Epidemic Diphtheria epidemic breaks out in Lisbon. 500 persons are involved, and about 40 deaths are recorded.[2] Portugal
1982 Epidemic 5 deaths are recorded in Germany during a diphtheria outbreak.[2] Germany
1996 Medical development Lederle Laboratories licenses diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine Acel-Imune, for use as the first through fifth doses in the series.[4]
1997 Medical development British pharmaceutical company SmithKline Beecham licenses Infanrix (diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine adsorbed), for the first four doses of the series.[4]
1998 Medical development North American Vaccine Inc licenses Certiva (diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine adsorbed), for boosting immunization of infants and children.[4]
1999 Medical development Connaught Laboratories licenses diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine Tripedia.[4]
2002 Medical development British pharmaceutical GlaxoSmithKline licenses Pediarix, a vaccine combining diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, inactivated polio, and hepatitis B antigens.[4]
2002 Medical development Aventis Pasteur licenses diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine Daptacel.[4]
2004 Medical development Aventis Pasteur licenses vaccine Decavac, indicated for active immunization against tetanus and diphtheria.[4][5]
2005 Medical development Sanofi Pasteur licenses Menactra, the first meningococcal polysaccharide (Serogroups A, C, Y and W-135) diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccine. This would be the first immunogenic meningococcal vaccine indicated for children younger than 2 years of age.[4]
2007 Report 4,190 cases of diphtheria are reported globally.[3]
2011 Medical development United States Food and Drug Administration approves Boostrix (developed by GlaxoSmithKline) to prevent tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis in older people.[4] United States

See also

  1. ↑ "Diphtheria". medscape.com. Retrieved 8 May 2017. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 KWANTES, W. "Diphtheria in Europe" (PDF). nih.gov. Retrieved 8 May 2017. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Diphtheria: The Plague Among Children". historyofvaccines.org. Retrieved 8 May 2017. 
  4. ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 "Vaccine Timeline". immunize.org. Retrieved 8 May 2017. 
  5. ↑ "HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION" (PDF). vaccineshoppe.com. Retrieved 8 May 2017. 
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