Timeline of silicon
From Timelines
This is a timeline of silicon.
Contents
Big picture
| Time period | Development summary |
|---|---|
| Ancient history | The use of silicon in agriculture probably begins in China more than 2000 years ago, with farmers at that time incorporating rice straw along with manure as a fertilizer to enhance plant performance and yield.[1] |
| 1950s | Silicon becomes the industry’s preferred material in the transistor industry, and Texas Instruments the dominant semiconductor vendor.[2] |
Full timeline
| Year | Event type | Details | Country/region |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1787 | Antoine Lavoisier first identifies silicon.[3] | ||
| 1811 | Joseph Gay Lussac and Louis Jacques Thénard react silicon tetrachloride with potassium metal and produce some very impure form of silicon.[4][3] | ||
| 1824 | Swedish chemist Jöns Jacob Berzelius discovers silicon by heating chips of potassium in a silica container and then carefully washing away the residual by-products.[5] | ||
| 1854 | French chemist Henri Étienne Sainte-Claire Deville first prepares crystaline silicon, the second allotropic form of the element.[6][7][8][9] | ||
| 1857 | Henri Étienne Sainte-Claire Deville and German chemist Friedrich Wöhler discover silicon nitride.[10][11][12] | ||
| 1891 – 1893 | American chemist Edward Goodrich Acheson discovers a method for making an industrial abrasive composed of silicon carbide, which Acheson would patent in 1893 and name it carborundum.[13] | United States | |
| 1893 | Silicon carbide (SiC) starts being produced in powder form for use as an abrasive.[14][15] | United States | |
| 1907 | Electroluminescence is first discovered using silicon carbide light emitting diodes (LEDs).[14] | ||
| 1948 – 1952 | American Carborundum Company applies for several patents on the manufacture and application of silicon nitride.[10] | ||
| 1954 | American engineer Gordon Kidd Teal develops a working silicon transistor.[16] | United States | |
| 1954 – 1955 | The first working silicon transistor is developed at Bell Labs by Morris Tanenbaum.[17][2] | United States | |
| 1955 | American technology company Texas Instruments creates the first commercial, mass-produced silicon transistor.[17] | United States | |
| 1958 | Silicon transistors replace germanium transistors, which break down at high temperatures.[18] | ||
| 1958 | A double-diffused silicon mesa transistor is introduced.[2] |
Meta information on the timeline
How the timeline was built
The initial version of the timeline was written by User:Sebastian.
Funding information for this timeline is available.
Feedback and comments
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What the timeline is still missing
[1], [2] [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11],
Timeline update strategy
See also
External links
References
- ↑ "History of Silicon and Plant Disease". link.springer.com. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Who Invented the Transistor?". computerhistory.org. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Chemical Elements.
- ↑ "Silicon". rsc.org. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
- ↑ "The Element Silicon". education.jlab.org. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
- ↑ Haynes, William M. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 93rd Edition.
- ↑ Berger, Lev I. Semiconductor Materials.
- ↑ Enghag, Per. Encyclopedia of the Elements: Technical Data - History - Processing - Applications.
- ↑ Fantasy & Science Fiction, Volume 63, Issues 374-379.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Carter, C. Barry; Norton, M. Grant. Ceramic Materials: Science and Engineering.
- ↑ Keen, Robin. The life and works of Friedrich Wöhler (1800-1882).
- ↑ Lange, Horst; Wötting, Gerhard; Winter, Gerhard. "Silicon Nitride—From Powder Synthesis to Ceramic Materials".
- ↑ Sherwood, Anand. Essentials of Operative Dentistry.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Miron, Rich. "Silicon Carbide (SiC): History and Applications". digikey.com. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
- ↑ Cardarelli, François. Materials Handbook: A Concise Desktop Reference.
- ↑ "The First Silicon Transistor". pbs.org. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 Anthony, Sebastian. "The genesis of the transistor, the single greatest discovery in the last 100 years". extremetech.com. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
- ↑ "Evolution of the Transistor". pbs.org. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
