Timeline of titanium
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Contents
Big picture
| Time period | Development summary |
|---|---|
| 1950s–1960s | Titanium has a relatively short production history, and the first commercial quantities of the metal are produced in 1950.[1] In the 1950s and 1960s, the Soviet Union pioneer the use of titanium in military and submarine applications[2] (Alfa class and Mike class)[3] as part of programs related to the Cold War.[4] |
Full timeline
| Year | Event type | Details | Country/region |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1791 | |||
| 1795 | titanium "Klaproth" | ||
| 1910 | "Pure metallic titanium (99.9%) was first prepared in 1910 by Matthew A. Hunter" | ||
| 1925 | Titanium of very high purity is made in small quantities when Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer discover the iodide, or crystal bar, process, by reacting with iodine and decomposing the formed vapours over a hot filament to pure metal.[5] | ||
| 1932 | "Titanium metal was not used outside the laboratory until 1932 when William Justin Kroll proved that it can be produced by reducing titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) with calcium" | ||
| 1950 | Production | The first commercial quantities of titanium are produced.[1] | |
| 1967 | The first patent to use hydrogenated titanium in a sintering process is filed.[6] | ||
| 1970 | The process of "decomposition powder metallurgy" is first reported as a means to produce titanium alloys and metal matrix composites via hot pressing.[6] | ||
| 2005 – 2008 | Production | Titanium sponge production increased from 104,000 to 176,000 tonnes in the period. The growth is partly driven by a surge in demand from the aerospace sector, but also by growing demand for titanium in chemical plant in China. Chinese output of titanium sponge increased fivefold between 2005 and 2008.[7] | |
| 2006 | Production | According to data, the world's largest producer, Russian-based VSMPO-AVISMA, is estimated to account for about 29% of the world market share.[8] | Russia |
| 2008 | Demand | A sharp decline in titanium demand is caused by the global economic slowdown and delays in the production of high-titanium content aircraft such as the A380 and B787.[7] | |
| 2009 | Production | As of date, production of titanium sponge is confined to six countries, in order of output, China, Japan, Russia, Kazakhstan, United States and Ukraine.[7] | China, Japan, Russia, Kazakhstan, United States and Ukraine |
| 2009 | Demand | The global market for titanium mill products is about 100,000 tonnes compared with 130,000 in 2008.[7] | |
| 2010 | Production | China stands as the main engine for growth, and production of titanium grows strongly with several new large-scale sponge plants under construction.[7] | China |
| 2010 | Infrastructure | As of date, There are 18 companies producing titanium sponge, of which nine are in China, compared with just two plants a decade ago. In 2010, titanium ingot melting capacity is nominally 340,000 tonnes, 85% of which is located in Russia, the United States, Japan and China.[7] | |
| 2015 | Production | India opens titanium sponge plant at Chavara in Kerala, and becomes the seventh country in the world producing titanium sponge commercially.[9] | India |
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See also
External links
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Froes, F.H. Titanium: Physical Metallurgy, Processing, and Applications.
- ↑ Roza 2008, p. 9
- ↑ Yanko, Eugene; Omsk VTTV Arms Exhibition and Military Parade JSC (2006). "Submarines: general information". Retrieved 24 July 2018.
- ↑ Stainless Steel World (July–August 2001). "VSMPO Stronger Than Ever" (PDF). KCI Publishing B.V. pp. 16–19. Retrieved 24 July 2018.
- ↑ van Arkel, A. E.; de Boer, J. H. (1925). "Preparation of pure titanium, zirconium, hafnium, and thorium metal". Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie. 148: 345–50. doi:10.1002/zaac.19251480133.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Titanium Powder Metallurgy: Science, Technology and Applications (Ma Qian, Francis H. Froes ed.).
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 "Roskill Information Services: Global Supply of Titanium is Forecast to Increase". prnewswire.com. Retrieved 24 July 2018.
- ↑ Bush, Jason (15 February 2006). "Boeing's Plan to Land Aeroflot". BusinessWeek. Archived from the original on 9 April 2009. Retrieved 29 December 2006.
- ↑ "ISRO's titanium sponge plant in Kerala fully commissioned". economictimes.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 24 July 2018.
