Timeline of hematology
From Timelines
This is a timeline of hematology, listing important events in the development of the field.
Contents
Big picture
Time period | Development summary |
---|---|
Ancient history | “Blood letting” instruments are used is Ancient Egypt.[1] |
17th century | Dutch microscopist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, using a primitive, single-lens microscope, already observes red blood cells (erythrocytes) and compared their size with that of a grain of sand.[2] |
18th century | English physiologist William Hewson is considered to be the "father of hematology". Hewson manages to amplify the description of red cells and demonstrates the role of fibrin in the clotting (coagulation) of blood.[3][2] |
19th century | Bone marrow is recognized as the site of blood-cell formation in the 19th century, along with the first clinical descriptions of pernicious anemia, leukemia, and a number of other disorders of the blood.[2] |
20th century | The discovery of the ABO blood group system in the first quarter of the 20th century makes possible the transfusion of blood from one person to another without the serious ill effects that ensue when incompatible blood is given. The study of the blood disease anemia gains impetus from the introduction of the hematocrit, an apparatus for determining the volume of red blood cells as compared with the volume of plasma, and the introduction in 1932 of a simple method of measuring the volume and hemoglobin. After World War II, the field of hematology broadens.[2] In the 1950s, plastic intra venous tubing replaces rubber tubing.[4] In the 1970s, the combination of several observational studies identifying a possible role for prophylactic platelet transfusion in hypoproliferative thrombocytopenia and the discovery that platelets are best stored at room temperature with gentle agitation to preserve function allow for the proliferation of platelet transfusions as part of standard management of patients receiving chemotherapy.[5] In the 1980s, the emergence of HIV renews impetus for development of infection-safe blood substitutes.[6] |
Full timeline
Year | Event type | Details | Location |
---|---|---|---|
3255 BC | The oldest intact red blood cells ever discovered are found in Ötzi, a natural mummy of a man who died around that time.[7] | ||
460 BC – 377 BC | Greek physician Hippocrates teaches the humoral theory, a hypothetical system to explain illness in which balance equals health, and excess or deficiency equals illness.[1] | Greece | |
1616 | English physician William Harvey discovers blood pathways. Since then many people try to use fluids such as beer, urine, milk, and non-human animal blood as blood substitute.[8] | United Kingdom | |
1628 | English physician William Harvey introduces the controversial of circulation.[1] | United Kingdom | |
1642 | Dutch scientist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek constructs a microscope and distinguishes blood cells.[1] | Netherlands | |
1656 | English anatomist Christopher Wren gives the first intravenous injection in animals.[1] | United Kingdom | |
1658 | Dutch biologist Jan Swammerdam first describes red blood cells by means of the use of an early microscope to study the blood of a frog. | ||
1662 | J. C. Major gives the first intravenous injection in humans.[1] | ||
1665 | English physician Richard Lower performs the first documented blood transfusionusing dogs and notes a color difference between veins and arteries.[5][1] | United Kingdom | |
1667 | French physician Jean-Baptiste Denys and Richard Lower separately report giving the first human blood transfusion with blood fromlambs. Within 10 years, transfusing the blood of animals to humans becomes prohibited by law, delaying transfusion advances for about 150 years.[1] | France, United Kingdom | |
1674 | Anton van Leeuwenhoek provides a more precise description of red blood cells, even approximating their size, "25,000 times smaller than a fine grain of sand". | Netherlands | |
1770 | Field development | British surgeon William Hewson describes leukocytes and some essential clottingfactors. Hewson becomes known as “the father of hematology.”[1] | |
1795 | Field development | American physician Philip Syng Physick claims to perform the first human-to-human blood transfusion, although he does not publish this information.[1] | |
1818 | Field development | James Blundell completes the first successful human blood transfusion in a series of eight women to manage postpartum hemorrhage. Between 1825 and 1830, Blundell performs ten transfusions, five of which prove beneficial to his patients, and publishes these results. He also devises various instruments for performing transfusions and proposes rational indications.[9][5][4][1] | |
1821 – 1902 | Field development | "Rudolph Virchow, during a long and illustrious career, demonstrates the importance of fibrin in the blood coagulation process, coins the terms embolism and thrombosis, identifies the disease leukemia, and theorizes that leukocytes are made in response to inflammation." | |
1830 | The gold-plated steel needle for intravenous use is invented.[4] | ||
1840 | Field development | English surgeon Samuel Armstrong Lane performs the first successful whole blood transfusion to treat hemophilia.[10][11][12][13] | United Kingdom |
1842 | Field development | Alexandre Donne identifies platelets.[14][15] | |
1867 | "English surgeon Joseph Lister uses antiseptics to control infectionduring transfusions."[1] | ||
1877 | "Paul Ehrlich develops techniques to stain blood cells to improve microscopic visualization."[16] | ||
1897 | "The Diseases of Infancy and Childhood contains a 20-page chapter on diseases of the blood and is the first American pediatric medical textbook to provide significant hematologic information."[16] | ||
1901 | Field development | Austrian biologist Karl Landsteiner and his associates define the different blood groups: A, B, AB, and O.[17][18][19][20] | |
1904 | Literature | Folia Haematologica is established in Germany. It is the first hematology journal in the world.[21] | Germany |
1907 | Field development | American pathologist Ludvig Hektoen from Chicago, explains the significance of isoagglutinins in human blood and how the untoward reactions are related to them.[22][16] | United States |
1908 | Field development | Ottenberg develops clinical methods for typing bloods.[22] | |
1910 | Field development | The first clinical description of sickle cell disease is published. | |
1910 | Field development | Transfusions are recognized as successful therapeutic hemostatic intervensions when Duke notes that they reduce the bleeding time.[5] | |
1914 | Field development | American scientist, Richard Lewisohn, discovers that sodium citrate can be added to blood to stop it clotting.[23][20][16] | |
1918 | Field development | The use of blood plasma as a substitute for whole blood and for transfusion purposes is proposed by Gordon R. Ward. The use of blood plasma as a substitute for whole blood and for transfusion purposes was proposed in the same year, in the correspondence columns of the British Medical Journal. | United Kingdom |
1920 | Field development | The investigation of the role of food substances in the production of red blood cells is launched. It would lead to discovery of the beneficial effects of liver extract in treating pernicious anemia and ultimately to the discovery of vitamin B12, the anti-anemic principle of liver.[2] | |
1920 | Literature | Journal Haematologica is first published.[24][25] It is the second in the world to be released.[21] | Italy |
1924 | Literature | Pediatrics becomes the first comprehensive American publication on pediatric hematology.[16] | |
1925 | Field development | Canadian physician Alfred P. Hart introduces exsanguination ("exchange") transfusion to treat severe neonatal jaundice.[26][27][28][16] | |
1925 | Field development | American pediatrician Thomas Benton Cooley describes a Mediterranean hematologic syndrome of anemia, erythroblastosis, skeletal disorders, and splenomegaly that is later called Cooley’s anemia and now thalassemia.[16] | |
1927 | Organization | The French Society of Hematology is formed. It is the first hematology organization in the world.[21] | France |
1927 | Literature | Journal La Sang is released in France.[21] | France |
1932 | Field development | A simple method of measuring the volume and hemoglobin is introduced.[2] | |
1933 | Field development | The formation of cryoprecipitate is first observed in relation to a patient with multiple myeloma.[29] | |
1936 | Organization | The World's first blood bank opens in Chicago.[30][31][20] | United States |
1936 | Field development | American hematologist John H. Lawrence of the University of California, Berkeley introduces phosphorus-32 for the treatment of leukemia.[32][33][34] | United States |
1937 | Organization | The Japanese Society of Hematology (JSH) is founded in Kyoto. It is the second hematology organization in the world.[35][21] | Japan |
1937 | Field development | Karl Landsteiner and Alexander S. Wiener identify the Rh factor in blood.[10] | |
1938 | Literature | Journal Acta Haematologica Japonica is established. In 1991, it would be renamed International Journal of Hematology.[21] | Japan |
1938 | "Dr. Louis Diamond (known as the “father of American pediatric hematology”) along with Dr. Kenneth Blackfan describes the anemia still known as Diamond-Blackfan anemia."[16] | ||
1941 | Literature | Blackfan, Diamond, and Leister publish The Atlas of the Blood of Children.[16] | |
1945 | "Coombs, Mourant, and Race describe the use of antihuman globulin (later known as the “Coombs Test”) to identify “incomplete” antibodies."[16] | ||
1946 | Literature | Journal Blood is established by William Dameshek.[36] | |
1947 | Field development | Lerner and Watson introduce the term "cryoglobulin", demonstrating the reversibility of the phenomenon when the sera are heated to 37°C.[29] | |
1950s | Field development | "The “butterfly” needle and intercath are developed, making IV access easier and safer."[16] | |
1950 | Organization | The Society for Hematology and Stem Cells is founded by a group of scientists for the presentation and discussion of experimental hematology pre-clinical data.[37] | |
1954 | "The blood product cryoprecipitate is developed to treat bleeds in people with hemophilia."[16] | ||
1954 | Peterman and Braunsteiner report cryoprecipitates of immunoglobulins with different sedimentation rates, thus introducing the concept of "mixed cryoglobulinaemia".[29] | ||
1955 | Literature | The British Journal of Haematology is launched.[38][39] | United Kingdom |
1958 | Organization | The American Society of Hematology is founded.[40][41] | United States |
1959 | Field development | Austrian-born British molecular biologist Max Perutz uses X-ray crystallography to determine the overall structure of hemoglobin.[42][43][44][45] | |
1959 | Organization | The Japanese Society of Clinical Hematology is established in Tokyo.[21] | Japan |
1960 | Organization | The British Society for Haematology is founded.[46] | United Kingdom |
1961 | Researchers identify role of platelets in treating cancer patients.[47][20] | ||
1962 | " The first antihemophilic factor concentrate to treat coagulation disorders in hemophilia patients is developed through fractionation."[16] | ||
1962 | Researchers at CSL Behring develop a new plasma fractionation method that provides significantly better yields of the valuable proteins isolated from human plasma.[48] | ||
1962 | Platelet transfusion begins to be used more routinely, especially in cancer patients when the relationship between thrombocytopenia and hemorrage is noted.[5] | ||
1969 | "S. Murphy and F. Gardner demonstrate the feasibility of storing platelets at room temperature, revolutionizing platelet transfusion therapy."[16] | ||
1971 | Field development | Testing blood for Hepatitis B is first conducted in the United States.[20][16] | United States |
1972 | Literature | Journal Experimental Hematology is launched by the International Society for Experimental Hematology, incorporated the same year as the continuation of the Society for Hematology and Stem Cells.[49] | |
1972 | American medical technologist Herb Cullis invents the apheresis machine, which is used to extract one cellular component, returning the rest of the blood to the donor.[50][16] | United States | |
1974 | Literature | Davis Nathan and Stuart Oski publish Hematology of Infancy and Childhood.[16] | |
1975 | Literature | Journal Blood Cells, Molecules and Diseases is established.[51] | |
1976 | Literature | The American Journal of Hematology is established.[52] | United States |
1977 | Field development | Kitamura first observes that mast cells are derived from hematopoietic stem cells shown by transplantation of bone marrow cells from mutant mice.[21] | Japan |
1977 | Field development | Miyake et al first purify erythropoietin.[21] | Japan |
1981 | Organization | The American Society of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology is founded.[53][54] | United States |
1983 | Field development | Doctors in France and the United States discover the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).[20] | United States, France |
1986 | Field development | Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor is cloned independently in Japan.[21] | Japan |
1987 | The United States Food and Drug Administration approves the use of azidothymidine (AZT) to treat HIV.[20] | United States | |
1987 | Literature | Journal Blood Reviews is established.[55] | |
1990s | Field development | Recombinant factor replacement products are used to treat hemophilia.[20] | |
1990 | Literature | Peer-reviewed medical journal Platelets is first issued.[56] | |
1992 | Organization | The International Society for Laboratory Hematology is founded by an international group of laboratory professionals in order to chart new directions for laboratory hematology.[57] | |
1992 | Organization | The European Hematology Association is founded in Brussels. | Belgium |
2008 | Literature | Journal Expert Review of Hematology is released.[58] | |
2008 | Literature | Open Hematology Journal |
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References
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 "Timeline of Major Hematology Landmarks". scribd.com. Retrieved 20 September 2018.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 "Hematology". britannica.com. Retrieved 7 September 2018.
- ↑ Doyle, D. "William Hewson (1739-74): the father of haematology.". PMID 16643443. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2006.06037.x.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Vincent, Jean-Louis; Abraham, Edward; Kochanek, Patrick; Moore, Frederick A.; Fink, Mitchell P. Textbook of Critical Care E-Book.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Platelets in Thrombotic and Non-Thrombotic Disorders: Pathophysiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics: an Update (Paolo Gresele, Neal S. Kleiman, José A. Lopez, Clive P. Page ed.).
- ↑ Squires JE (2002). "Artificial blood". Science. 295 (5557): 1002–5. PMID 11834811. doi:10.1126/science.1068443.
- ↑ "'Iceman' Mummy Holds World's Oldest Blood Cells". livescience.com. Retrieved 20 September 2018.
- ↑ Sarkar, S. (2008). "Artificial Blood". Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine. 12 (3): 140–144. PMC 2738310
. PMID 19742251. doi:10.4103/0972-5229.43685.
- ↑ Simmers, Louise M; Simmers-Nartker, Karen; Simmers-Kobelak, Sharon. DHO Health Science Updated.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 BPI. Inventions & Discoveries.
- ↑ Hemolytic Anemia.
- ↑ Madbak, Firas. Bridge Across the Abyss: Medical Myths and Misconceptions.
- ↑ Chang, Anne. Magill's Medical Guide: Down syndrome-Laser use in surgery.
- ↑ Sir William Osler: An Annotated Bibliography with Illustrations (Richard L. Golden, Charles G. Roland ed.).
- ↑ Hematology.
- ↑ 16.00 16.01 16.02 16.03 16.04 16.05 16.06 16.07 16.08 16.09 16.10 16.11 16.12 16.13 16.14 16.15 16.16 "The History of Hematology and Related Sciences". pharmaceuticalintelligence.com. Retrieved 20 September 2018.
- ↑ DK. 1000 Inventions and Discoveries.
- ↑ Van Luven, Lynne; Page, Kathy. In the Flesh: Twenty Writers Explore the Body.
- ↑ Hillyer, Christopher D. Blood Banking and Transfusion Medicine: Basic Principles & Practice.
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 20.5 20.6 20.7 "What is Hematology? - Definition & History". study.com. Retrieved 7 September 2018.
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 21.4 21.5 21.6 21.7 21.8 21.9 "Hematology in Japan: past, present and future". healio.com. Retrieved 7 September 2018.
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 Jackson, Laura Gertrude. Hospital and community: studies in external relationships of the administrator.
- ↑ Evans, R. Paul; Wilkinson, Alf. WJEC Eduqas GCSE History: Changes in Health and Medicine in Britain, c.500 to the present day.
- ↑ Ascari, Edoardo. "The history of Haematologica". PMC 4281305
. PMID 25552676.
- ↑ "About Haematologica". haematologica.org. Retrieved 7 September 2018.
- ↑ Shorter, Edward. Partnership for Excellence: Medicine at the University of Toronto and Academic Hospitals.
- ↑ Klossner, N. Jayne. Introductory Maternity Nursing, Volume 1.
- ↑ Cone, Thomas E. History of American Pediatrics.
- ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 Oxford Textbook of Vasculitis (Gene V. Ball, Barri J. Fessler, S. Louis Bridges ed.).
- ↑ "Blood Banking and Donation". hematology.org. Retrieved 8 September 2018.
- ↑ "THE TIMELINE: BLOOD DONATION". independent.co.uk. Retrieved 8 September 2018.
- ↑ Marks, Geoffrey; Beatty, William K. The Precious Metals of Medicine.
- ↑ Oreskes, Naomi; Krige, John. Science and Technology in the Global Cold War.
- ↑ Positron Emission Tomography: Basic Sciences (Dale L. Bailey, David W. Townsend, Peter E. Valk, Michael N. Maisey ed.).
- ↑ "Japanese Society of Hematology (JSH)". ishworld.org. Retrieved 7 September 2018.
- ↑ "About Blood". bloodjournal.org. Retrieved 20 September 2018.
- ↑ "Society for Hematology and Stem Cells". omicsonline.org. Retrieved 10 September 2018.
- ↑ Goldman, Lawrence. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 2005-2008.
- ↑ Harrison, Brian; Aston, Trevor Henry. The History of the University of Oxford: Volume VIII: The Twentieth Century.
- ↑ "American Society of Hematology sponsors high school symposium at San Diego annual meeting". eurekalert.org. Retrieved 8 September 2018.
- ↑ Silver, Samuel M. "The American Society of Hematology: Advancing Knowledge and Treatment of Blood Disorders". PMC 2793577
. PMID 29447514.
- ↑ Rezende, Lisa. Chronology of Science.
- ↑ Lee, W. David; Drazen, Jeffrey; Sharp, Phillip A.; Langer, Robert S. From X-rays to DNA: How Engineering Drives Biology.
- ↑ Lee, W. David; Drazen, Jeffrey; Sharp, Phillip A.; Langer, Robert S. From X-rays to DNA: How Engineering Drives Biology.
- ↑ Zecchina, Adriano; Califano, Salvatore. The Development of Catalysis: A History of Key Processes and Personas in Catalytic Science and Technology.
- ↑ "British Society for Haematology (BSH)". emedevents.com. Retrieved 7 September 2018.
- ↑ Moticka, Edward J. A Historical Perspective on Evidence-Based Immunology.
- ↑ "CSL Behring" (PDF). bstquarterly.com. Retrieved 25 September 2018.
- ↑ Fagan, Melinda. Philosophy of Stem Cell Biology: Knowledge in Flesh and Blood.
- ↑ "A Brief History of Apheresis Platelet Collection at the Western Province Blood Transfusion Service" (PDF). http://sabloodcongress.org. Retrieved 25 September 2018. External link in
|website=
(help) - ↑ "BLOOD CELLS, MOLECULES, AND DISEASES: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE". kundoc.com. Retrieved 10 September 2018.
- ↑ "The American Journal of Hematology turns 40". onlinelibrary.wiley.com. Retrieved 10 September 2018.
- ↑ Maurer, Harold M.; Ruymann, Frederick B.; Pochedly, Carl E. Rhabdomyosarcoma and Related Tumors in Children and Adolescents.
- ↑ Pochedly, Carl E. Neuroblastoma.
- ↑ "Blood Reviews". bloodreviews.com. Retrieved 7 September 2018.
- ↑ "Platelets: The end of an era, start of a new beginning". tandfonline.com. Retrieved 20 September 2018.
- ↑ "International Society for Laboratory Hematology". islh.org. Retrieved 10 September 2018.
- ↑ "Expert Review of Hematology". tandfonline.com. Retrieved 8 September 2018.