Timeline of food and nutrition in India

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This is a timeline of food and nutrition in India.

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Time period Development summary
20th century "By early 20th century, 3 out of 4 Indians were employed in agriculture, famines were common, and food consumption per capita declined in every decade."[1]

Full timeline

Year Event type Details
9000 BC "Some claim Indian agriculture began by 9000 BC as a result of early cultivation of plants, and domestication of crops and animals."[2]
3000 BC "Indians might have domesticated buffalo (the river type) 5000 years ago"
3000 BC "By 3000 BCE, turmeric, cardamom, black pepper and mustard were harvested in India."[3][4]
500 BC "Over 2500 years ago, Indian farmers had discovered and begun farming many spices and sugarcane"
1880s Indian Famine Codes
1891 Tamil Nadu famine (1891)
1936 "The National Planning Committee, notes Suryanarayana, then defined goals in 1936 to alleviate poverty by setting targets in terms of nutrition (2400 to 2800 calories per adult worker), clothing (30 yards per capita per annum) and housing (100 sq. ft per capita)."[5]
1940s "The Grow More Food Campaign (1940s)"
1943 Bengal famine of 1943
1948–1975 " A hectare of Indian wheat farm that produced an average of 0.8 tonnes in 1948, produced 4.7 tonnes of wheat in 1975 from the same land."
1950s "Integrated Production Programme (1950s) "
1950–1951 A reported 50 million tons of food grain are produced in the country.[6]
1958 Price Increase and Famine Resistance Committee
1960s Green Revolution in India
1965 The National Dairy Development Board is established under the auspices of Operation Flood at Anand, in Gujarat, to promote, plan, and organize dairy development through cooperatives; to provide consultations; and to set up dairy plants, which were then turned over to the cooperatives.
1970 Operation Flood
1990–2010 "Between 1990 and 2010, the Indian fish capture harvest doubled, while aquaculture harvest tripled."
1990 " Milk production in FY 1990 was estimated to have reached 53.5 million tons, and egg production had reached a level of 23.3 billion eggs."
1990s "Agricultural exports continued to grow at well over 10.1% annually through the 1990s."[7]
1992 "In FY 1992, India had approximately 25 percent of the world's cattle, with a collective herd of 193 million head. India also had 110 million goats, 75 million water buffaloes, 44 million sheep, and 10 million pigs."
1995 "The Indian government started midday meal scheme on 15 August 1995. It serves millions of children with fresh cooked meals in almost all the government run schools or schools aided by the government fund."
1998 " It transformed India from a milk-deficient nation into the world's largest milk producer, surpassing the USA in 1998,"[8]
2000 "By 2000, Indian farms were adopting wheat varieties capable of yielding 6 tonnes of wheat per hectare."[9][10]
2005 "For example, in 2005, 40% of women in rural areas, and 36% of women in urban areas were found to have mild anaemia."[11]
2005 "According to a 2005 report, 60% of India's children below the age of three were malnourished, which was greater than the statistics of sub-Saharan African of 28%."[12]
2007 The National Development Council adopts a resolution to launch a Food Security Mission comprising rice, wheat and pulses to increase the annual production of rice by 10 million tons, wheat by 8 million tons and pulses by 2 million tons by the end of the harvest season 2011-12. Accordingly, a Centrally Sponsored Scheme, 'National Food Security Mission' (NFSM), is launched during the year.[13]
2008 India stands as the world's sixth largest producer of marine and freshwater capture fisheries and the second largest aquaculture farmed fish producer.
2008 "One report from 2008 claimed that India's population is growing faster than its ability to produce rice and wheat."[14]
2009 "In 2009, India was the world's third largest producer of eggs, oranges, coconuts, tomatoes, peas and beans."[15]
2009–2010 India stands first in milk production, with 112.5 million tons of milk produced in 2009-2010.[16]
2010 "In India national obesity rates in 2010 were 14% for women and 18% for men with some urban areas having rates as high as 40%."[17]
2010 "Another Times of India report in 2010 has stated that 50% of childhood deaths in India are attributable to malnutrition"
2011 "In 2011, the agricultural sector workforce in the Indian subcontinent was 75% women."[18]
2012 " In 2012, the production from horticulture exceeded grain output for the first time"
2012 "With 21% of its population undernourished, nearly 44% of under-5 children underweight and 7% of them dying before they reach five years, India is firmly established among the world's most hunger-ridden countries. The situation is better than only Congo, Chad, Ethiopia or Burundi, but it is worse than Sudan, North Korea, Pakistan or Nepal."[19]
2013 "The total horticulture produce reached 277.4 million metric tonnes in 2013, making India the second largest producer of horticultural products after China."[20] "During the 2013 fiscal year, India exported horticulture products worth Template:INRconvert, nearly double the value of its 2010 exports.[20]
2013 "In order to provide the Right to food to every citizen of the country, the Parliament of India, enacted a legislation in 2013 known as the National Food Security Act, 2013. Also called as the Right to Food Act, this Act seeks to provide subsidized food grains to approximately two thirds of India's 1.33 billion population.[21] It was signed into law on 12 September 2013, retroactive to 5 July 2013.[22][23]
2013 India stands as the world's largest dairy herd (composed of cows and buffaloes), at over 304 million strong.[16]
2014 "As per the 2014 FAO world agriculture statistics India is the world's largest producer of many fresh fruits like banana, mango, guava, papaya, lemon and vegetables like chickpea, okra and milk, major spices like chili pepper, ginger, fibrous crops such as jute, staples such as millets and castor oil seed. India is the second largest producer of wheat and rice, the world's major food staples."[24]
2014–2015 A reported 250 million tons of food grain are produced in the country, this time becoming a net food exporter.[6]
2016 "Recently (May 2016) the government of India has set up the Farmers Commission to completely evaluate the agriculture programme."[25]
2016 Agriculture accounted for 23% of GDP, and employed 59% of the country's total workforce in 2016.[26]
2016 The Indian Government launches a number of programs to double farmers’ incomes by 2022.[6]
2017 "The 2017 Global Hunger Index (GHI) Report by IFPRI ranked India 100th out of 118 countries with a serious hunger situation. Amongst South Asian nations, it ranks third behind only Afghanistan and Pakistan with a GHI score of 29.0 ("serious situation")."[27]
2018 "The 2018 Global Hunger Index (GHI) report ranked India 103rd out of 119 countries with a serious issue of child wasting. At least one in five children under the age of five years in India are wasted."[28]

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References

  1. ↑ Maddison, A. (1970), The historical origins of Indian poverty, PSL Quarterly Review, 23(92), pp. 31-81.
  2. ↑ Gupta, page 57
  3. ↑ Curry, Spice & All Things Nice: Dawn of History
  4. ↑ The Mystery of Curry
  5. ↑ M.H. Suryanarayana. "Nutritional Norms for Poverty: Issues and Implications" (PDF). Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research. Retrieved 1 July 2019. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 "Nutrition And Food Security". in.one.un.org. Retrieved 10 July 2019. 
  7. ↑ Gulati, 15
  8. ↑ "India largest milk producing nation in 2010-11: NDDB". Hindustan Times. 2011-12-20. Archived from the original on 2012-10-06. Retrieved 2012-09-09. 
  9. ↑ "Rapid growth of select Asian economies". Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2009. 
  10. ↑ "Brief history of wheat improvement in India". Directorate of Wheat Research, ICAR India. 2011. 
  11. ↑ "NFHS-3 Nutritional Status of Adults". Retrieved 2009-11-26. 
  12. ↑ Rieff, David (11 October 2009). "India's Malnutrition Dilemma". Source: The New York Times 2009. Retrieved 2011-09-20. 
  13. ↑ "nfsm". nfsm.gov. Retrieved 10 July 2019. 
  14. ↑ Sengupta, Somini (22 June 2008). "The Food Chain in Fertile India, Growth Outstrips Agriculture". New York Times. Retrieved 23 April 2010. 
  15. ↑ "Country Rank in the World, by commodity". Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2011. 
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 "Annual Report" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-07-21. Retrieved 2015-12-20. 
  17. ↑ "India in grip of obesity epidemic". The Times of India. 12 November 2010. Retrieved 14 February 2012. 
  18. ↑ Singh, Roopam; Sengupta, Ranja (2009). "EU FTA and the Likely Impact on Indian Women Executive Summary." Centre for Trade and Development and Heinrich Boell Foundation.
  19. ↑ "Superpower? 230 million Indians go hungry daily". timesofindia.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 1 July 2019. 
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Deficit rains spare horticulture, record production expected Livemint, S Bera, Hindustan Times (January 19, 2015)
  21. ↑ "National Food Security Act" (PDF). PRS Legislative Research. 
  22. ↑ "Press Information Bureau". Retrieved 5 January 2018. 
  23. ↑ "Food Security Act To Be Implemented From July 5". BTVI.in. Retrieved 1 July 2019. 
  24. ↑ "FAOSTAT, 2014 data". Faostat.fao.org. Retrieved 2011-09-17. 
  25. ↑ "Farmers Commission". Archived from the original on 11 May 2010. Retrieved 23 November 2009. 
  26. ↑ "BENCHMARK REPORT 2017 – INDI" (PDF). World Travel and Tourism Council. Retrieved 11 April 2018. 
  27. ↑ "2015 Global Hunger Index Report" (PDF). International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). 
  28. ↑ "India ranks 103 on global hunger index". economictimes.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 1 July 2019. 
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