Timeline of Brookings Institution
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This is a timeline of FIXME.
Contents
Big picture
| Time period | Development summary |
|---|---|
| 1990s | "In the 1990s, the federal government devolved many of its social programs back to cities and states, and Brookings shaped a new generation of urban policies to help build strong neighborhoods, cities and metropolitan regions."[1] |
Full timeline
| Year | Event type | Details |
|---|---|---|
| 1916 | "In 1916, Robert S. Brookings worked with other government reformers to create the first private organization devoted to the fact-based study of national public policy issues. The new Institute for Government Research became the chief advocate for effective and efficient public service and sought to bring science to the study of government."[1] "A group of leading educators, businessmen, attorneys, and financiers—including businessman and philanthropist Robert S. Brookings—found the Institute for Government Research (IGR), the predecessor of the Brookings Institution, in Washington, DC. It is the first private organization devoted to bettering the practices and performance of government with recommendations generated by outside experts. Its first research project, directed by economist William Willoughby, focuses on helping the Bureau of Internal Revenue revise the reporting of tax statistics for greater accuracy."[2] | |
| 1917 | "President Woodrow Wilson appoints Robert Brookings to the War Industries Board, which coordinates the purchase of military supplies, and later makes him chairman of the board’s Price Fixing Committee, to discourage profiteering."[2] | |
| 1919 | "IGR publishes “A National Budget System: the Most Important of all Governmental Reconstruction Measures.” The Institute’s director, William Willoughby, testifies on the subject to a House Select Committee on the Budget."[2] | |
| 1921 | "IGR recommendations lead to the crafting and passage of the Budget and Accounting Act of 1921, which expands executive power in the federal budget process. President Warren Harding calls it “the beginning of the greatest reform in governmental practices since the beginning of the republic.”"[2] | |
| 1921 | "Brookings economists played a large role in crafting the 1921 legislation that created the first U.S. Bureau of the Budget. President Warren G. Harding called the bureau, which planned the government’s financial outlays, “the greatest reform in governmental practices since the beginning of the republic.”[1] | |
| 1922 | "Brookings created two sister organizations: the Institute of Economics in 1922 and a graduate school in 1924"[1] "Robert Brookings leads the creation of a new organization, the Institute of Economics, for the “sole purpose of ascertaining the facts about current economic problems and of interpreting these facts for the people of the United States.” Harold Moulton, an economist at the University of Chicago, is named its director."[2] | |
| 1923 | "Harold Moulton and staff economist Constantine McGuire write of post-Great War Europe that “the reparation situation has gone from very bad to worse.” In their reports they study the ability of Germany and its allies on the losing side of World War I to pay the debts mandated by the Versailles Treaty."[2] | |
| 1923 | "A Graduate School Is Created. The Robert S. Brookings Institute of Economics and Government for Teaching and Research (later the Robert S. Brookings Graduate School of Economics and Government) is established in partnership with Washington University in St. Louis to provide training in public service. Between 1924 and 1930, the school awards 74 PhDs."[2] | |
| 1924 | "Brookings created two sister organizations: the Institute of Economics in 1922 and a graduate school in 1924"[1] | |
| 1927 | "Brookings created two sister organizations: the Institute of Economics in 1922 and a graduate school in 1924. In 1927, the institutes and the school merged to form the present-day Brookings Institution, with the mission to promote, conduct and foster research “in the broad fields of economics, government administration and the political and social sciences.”"[1] | |
| 1927 | "Three Organizations Merge into One institutional milestone. The Institute for Government Research (founded 1916), the Institute of Economics (1922), and the Robert Brookings Graduate School of Economics and Government (1923) merge to form The Brookings Institution, named for Robert Brookings in recognition of his services to all three organizations. Its mission: “to promote, carry on, conduct and foster scientific research, education, training and publication in the broad fields of economics, government administration and the political and social sciences generally.”"[2] | |
| 1927 | "First President Is Chosen. The Brookings Trustees choose the organization’s first president: Harold Moulton, who had been director of the Institute of Economics and a member of the boards of the Graduate School and the Institute for Government Research."[2] Harold Moulton (1927 – 1952)[1] | |
| 1932 | "Robert Brookings dies in Washington, D.C. on November 15, at the age of 82. Just before his death, Brookings’s book The Way Forward, in which he calls for the more equal distribution of wealth, is published."[2] | |
| 1934 | "The Institution publishes four works known as the “capacity studies” on income distribution and economic progress in the mid-1930s. The studies focus on production and consumption capacity, capital, and market speculation in the 1920s, and income distribution as it relates to the efficient functioning of the U.S. economic system. The capacity studies are the major guide to the U.S. economy for policymakers for much of the decade."[2] | |
| 1928 | "1928 Survey of American Indian Conditions landmark research Secretary of the Interior Hubert Work commissioned IGR’s Lewis Meriam to undertake a comprehensive survey of the condition of Native Americans. The resulting report is influential in shaping American Indian affairs policies in the Hoover and Roosevelt administrations."[2] | |
| 1928 | "Dawn of In-House Book Publishing institutional milestone Brookings begins its own in-house publishing division, the forerunner of the Brookings Institution Press."[2] | |
| 1935 | "1935 Analyzing New Deal Programs An Institute of Economics team directed by staff economist Leverett Lyon publishes a comprehensive study of President Franklin Roosevelt’s National Recovery Administration (NRA), a New Deal agency. The study’s authors conclude that the NRA impeded economy recovery after the Depression. Two years later, Edwin Nourse, an agriculture economist and director of the Institute of Economics, publishes a study of administrative problems in the Agricultural Adjustment Administration. Agriculture Secretary Henry Wallace said that “We’ve been doing so much wishful thinking around here, we’d benefit from an independent audit.” Nourse went on to become the first chairman of the Council of Economic Advisors under President Harry Truman."[2] | |
| 1939 | "In “Reorganization of the national government: What does it involve?” Brookings scholars shed light on President Roosevelt's Reorganization Act of 1939, which permitted the president to reorganize certain aspects of the executive branch and created the Executive Office of the President."[2] | |
| 1939 | "Supporting the War Effort. Throughout World War II, Brookings experts recommend policies on a variety of issues, including wartime price controls, military mobilization, German and U.S. manpower requirements, and later, postwar demobilization and preventing Germany and Japan from re-arming. Even before U.S. entry into the war, one Brookings researcher advised that “The United States should introduce the formula of the blitzkrieg in the armament production program” to defeat Germany."[2] | |
| 1941 | "A study by Brookings scholar Laurence Schmeckebier developed the system of apportioning congressional representation among the states that was embodied in the Congressional Apportionment Act of 1941."[2] | |
| 1946 | "After returning to Brookings from a nine-year stint at the State Department, during which he prepared the final draft of the UN Charter, economist Leo Pasvolsky establishes and becomes first director of the International Studies Group at Brookings. ISG fulfills the need for research and education in international relations and is the precursor to what will become the Foreign Policy program at Brookings. For six years until his death in 1953, Pasvolsky and the ISG conduct educational programs for academic, military, government, and business leaders."[2] | |
| 1947 | "At the request of Senator H. Alexander Smith, chairman of the Senate Subcommittee on Health of the Senate Labor and Public Welfare Committee, Brookings scholars take on a study of compulsory health insurance. Two proposals emerge: grants-in-aid to states that will ensure quality medical attention for those who need it; and the formation of a compulsory health insurance program by the national government. The study concludes that a national health insurance program would be too political, too expensive, and too detrimental to the nation’s economic health."[2] | |
| 1948 | "1948 A Critical Role in the Marshall Plan. landmark research. At the request of Senator Arthur Vandenberg, chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Brookings experts play a pivotal role in the development of the European Recovery Program, later known as the Marshall Plan, providing valuable recommendations on the program’s administrative organization."[2] | |
| 1948 | "In 1948, the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Sen. Arthur Vandenberg (R-MI), praised Brookings for a report that would become “the Congressional ‘work-sheet’ in respect to this complex and critical problem.”"[1] | |
| 1949 | "Brookings experts conduct research that forms the basis of a task force report on public welfare, prepared for the Commission on Organization of the Executive Branch of the Government, also known as the Hoover Commission."[2] | |
| 1952 | Robert Calkins.[1] | |
| 1960 | "Nearly a year before the 1960 election, Brookings governmental studies expert Laurin Henry published Presidential Transitions, designed to help the winning candidate—John F. Kennedy or Richard M. Nixon—launch his administration smoothly. The book was followed by a series of confidential issues papers prepared by Brookings experts."[1] | |
| 1966 | "On September 29, 1966, President Lyndon B. Johnson helped mark Brookings’s fiftieth anniversary with an address on public service and the importance of America’s cities."[1] | |
| 1967 | Kermit Gordon.[1] | |
| 1976 | Gilbert Y. Steiner.[1] | |
| 1977 | Bruce MacLaury.[1] | |
| Early 1980s | "Joseph Pechman, director of the Economic Studies program at Brookings, pushed hard for comprehensive reform of the U.S. tax code in the early 1980s. His research led to the Tax Reform Act of 1986—a major bill that had a profound impact on the U.S. economy."[1] | |
| 1986 | "Joseph Pechman, director of the Economic Studies program at Brookings, pushed hard for comprehensive reform of the U.S. tax code in the early 1980s. His research led to the Tax Reform Act of 1986—a major bill that had a profound impact on the U.S. economy."[1] | |
| 1995 | Michael Armacost.[1] | |
| 2001 | "As President Bill Clinton prepared to sign historic welfare reform legislation, Ron Haskins, a former Republican congressional staffer, and Isabel Sawhill, a former official in the Office of Management and Budget for President Clinton, teamed up at Brookings to study the nation’s policies on children and families. In 2001, a proposal by Sawhill and researcher Adam Thomas for a child tax credit became part of major tax legislation."[1] | |
| 2001 | "The terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, increased the urgency of developing strategies to address the threat while sustaining America’s role as a force for prosperity and stability abroad and an open society at home. With remarkable speed, Brookings experts produced influential proposals for homeland security and intelligence operations. They also testified before Congress and used the Institution’s outreach capacity, including its in-house television studio, to explain the new global reality to a frightened public."[1] | |
| 2002 | Strobe Talbott.[1] | |
| 2017 | John R. Allen.[1] |
Meta information on the timeline
How the timeline was built
The initial version of the timeline was written by FIXME.
Funding information for this timeline is available.
What the timeline is still missing
Timeline update strategy
See also
External links
References
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 "BROOKINGS INSTITUTION HISTORY". brookings.edu. Retrieved 6 September 2019.
- ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 "A CENTURY OF IDEAS". brookings.edu. Retrieved 6 September 2019.
