Timeline of mRNA research
From Timelines
This is a timeline of mRNA research. Today, mRNA is a widely recognized and potent tool for generating antigen-specific immunity in the field of vaccines and immunotherapy.[1]
Contents
Sample questions
The following are some interesting questions that can be answered by reading this timeline:
Big picture
| Time period | Development summary | More details |
|---|---|---|
| 1989–2001 | Early research | |
| 2001–2020 | Development | |
| 2020 onwards | Acceleration |
Full timeline
| Year | Month and date | Event type | Details |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1909 | "In 1909, Paul Ehrlich suggested that the immune system may suppress tumor development. Today his prediction is coming true—one of the most exciting and promising applications for synthetic mRNA is immunotherapy for cancer. Because of its great potential, this field has attracted many talented researchers and led to many scholarly publications."[1] | ||
| 1950 | "In 1950, it was first hypothesized that RNA was synthesized in the nucleus and then transferred into the cytoplasm, where it was aggregating with other molecules (Jeener and Szafarz 1950)"[2] | ||
| 1960 | The idea of mRNA is first conceived by Sydney Brenner and Francis Crick on 15 April 1960 at King's College, Cambridge, while François Jacob tells them about a recent experiment conducted by Arthur Pardee, himself, and Jacques Monod.[3] | ||
| 1961 | "A better appreciation of the role of RNA was gained in 1961 when three publications revolutionized the way gene function was perceived by establishing messenger RNA (mRNA) as an information carrier in a transitional stage towards the synthesis of protein (Brenner et al. 1961; Gros et al. 1961; Jacob and Monod 1961)"[2] | ||
| 1983 | "It was not until the mid-1980s that the first elements of the answer were identified when it was reported that the actin mRNA in ascidian oocytes and embryos was asymmetrically distrib�uted (Jeffery et al. 1983)"[2] | ||
| 1989 | mRNA as a therapeutic is first put forward "after the development of a broadly applicable in vitro transfection technique."[4] | ||
| 1990 | "The use of mRNA as a genetic vector is theoretically attractive because mRNA does not integrate into the genome, is immediately available for translation to make protein, and provides a transient signal, a feature that is desirable for some applications. The demon�stration that mRNA could, in fact, function in this capacity came in 1990, not long after the initial attempts at DNA-based gene ther�apy, when Wolff et al. injected naked mRNA encoding chloram�phenicol acetyl transferase into the skeletal muscle of mice and observed specific protein expression [6]."[1] | ||
| 1992 | "The use of mRNA as a genetic vector is theoretically attractive because mRNA does not integrate into the genome, is immediately available for translation to make protein, and provides a transient signal, a feature that is desirable for some applications. The demon�stration that mRNA could, in fact, function in this capacity came in 1990, not long after the initial attempts at DNA-based gene ther�apy, when Wolff et al. injected naked mRNA encoding chloram�phenicol acetyl transferase into the skeletal muscle of mice and observed specific protein expression [6]. This was followed in 1992 by a study in which injection of a naked, synthetic mRNA encoding arginine vasopressin into the hypothalami of Brattleboro rats cured the chronic diabetes insipidus suffered by this strain [7]."[1] | ||
| 1993 | "Then in 1993, Martinon et al. showed that subcutaneous injection of liposome-encapsidated mRNA encoding the influenza virus nucleoprotein induced anti-influenza cytotoxic T lymphocytes [8]."[1] |
Meta information on the timeline
How the timeline was built
The initial version of the timeline was written by FIXME.
Funding information for this timeline is available.
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What the timeline is still missing
Timeline update strategy
See also
External links
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Rhoads, Robert E. (2016). Synthetic MRNA: Production, Introduction Into Cells, and Physiological Consequences. Springer New York. ISBN 978-1-4939-3625-0.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Oeffinger, Marlene; Zenklusen, Daniel (6 December 2019). The Biology of mRNA: Structure and Function. Springer Nature. ISBN 978-3-030-31434-7.
- ↑ Cobb M (29 June 2015). "Who discovered messenger RNA?". Current Biology. 25 (13): R526–R532. PMID 26126273. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.05.032
.
- ↑ Schlake T, Thess A, Fotin-Mleczek M, Kallen KJ (November 2012). "Developing mRNA-vaccine technologies". RNA Biology. 9 (11): 1319–30. PMC 3597572. PMID 23064118. doi:10.4161/rna.22269.
