Timeline of urology
From Timelines
This is a timeline of urology, describing significant events in the development of the field. Recognition of urology as a separate specialty or subspecialty of general surgery is relatively recent.[1]
Contents
Big picture
| Time period | Development summary |
|---|---|
| Ancient history | Evidence of many diseases and even some surgical procedures date to ancient times, diseases that later would come under the purview of urology.[1] |
| 17th century | “Stone cutters”, or travelling lithotomists, practise bladder stone removal throughout Europe.[2] |
| 19th century | The development of the cystoscope contributes to the splitting off of urology from general surgery.[1] In the late century, urology as a specialty in its own right emerges. |
| 20th century | The field of urology develops at an astonishing speed.[2] Instrumental develops widely in the first half of the century, while many organizations and journals emerge in the second half. |
Full timeline
| Year | Event type | Details | Location |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4000 BC | The rite of circumcision is thought to have been practiced in Egypt around that time.[1] | Egypt | |
| <1AC | Field development | At the end of the pre-Christian era, ancient Hindu surgeons attempt to remove bladder stones through a suprapubic incision.[1] | India |
| 1556 | Field development | Pierre Franco successfully removes bladder stones from a child.[1] | |
| 1561 | Field development | Pierre Franco conducts the first recorded suprapubic lithotomy.[3] | |
| 1804 | Instrumental | German physician Philipp Bozzini develops his lichtleiter or "Light Conductor", a primitive endoscope to allow for inspecting the ear, urethra, rectum, female bladder, cervix, mouth, nasal cavity, or wounds.[4][5] | Germany |
| 1806 | Field development | Endoscopy is first conceived.[6] | |
| 1807 | Instrumental | A number of instruments start being devised to peer into body cavities.[1] | |
| 1824 | Field development | French surgeon Jean Civiale performs the first lithotrity at the Necken Hospital in Paris.[1][7][8][9] | France |
| 1877 | Instrumental | German urologist Maximilian Nitze, in collaboration with an instrument maker in Dresden, fabricates the first cystoscope.[1] | Germany |
| 1879 | Instrumental | American inventor Thomas Edison invents the first practical incandescent lamp, allowing for the development of transurethral resection of bladder tumors.[6] | United States |
| 1881 | Field development | The first bladder tumor is removed with an urethtroscope by Joseph Grunfeld, using an instrument known as the polypenkneipe, which functions as a snare to remove tumors.[4] | |
| 1888 | Instrumental | German physicist Heinrich Hertz devises high frequency electric current.[6] | Germany |
| 1890 | Field development | Urology as a specialty in its own right is instituted with the appointment of Felix Guyon in Paris as the first Professor of Urology.[2] | France |
| 1902 | Organization | The American Urological Association (AUA) is founded.[1] | United States |
| 1907 | Literature | International journal Folia Urologica is founded.[10] | |
| 1908 | Instrumental | Edwin Beer from New York conceives the idea of using high-frequency electric current through a catheterizing-cytoscope to coagulate bladder tumors. Beer is considered to be the founder of electrosurgery of the bladder.[6] | United States |
| 1908 | Instrumental | Lee DeForest introduces the vacuum tube permitting continuous current.[6][11] | |
| 1909 | Instrumental | American urologist Hugh H. Young conceives the fenestrated tube.[6] | United States |
| 1910 | Instrumental | Edwin Beer applies high-frequency electrical current underwater.[6] | |
| 1911 | Instrumental | Hugh H. Young uses a cystoscope with a punch device to perform transurethral prostatectomy.[12] | United States |
| 1917 | Literature | The Journal of Urology is launched by the American Urological Association.[1] | United States |
| 1924 | Instrumental | George Wyeth conceives the first practical cutting current.[6] | |
| 1926 | Field development | New York urologist Maximilian Stern introduces the resectoscope, a type of endoscope used in surgeries of the uterus, prostate, bladder, or urethra.[6][13][4] | United States |
| 1929 | Literature | The British Journal of Urology International is established.[1] | United Kingdom |
| 1931 | Field development | Reinhold Wappler combines cutting and coagulation current into one.[6] | |
| 1931 | Instrumental | Joseph McCarthy from New York makes significant improvements in the resectoscope.[6] | United States |
| 1931 | Instrumental | Ametrcan urologist Theodore Davis, from South Carolina, presents a modified resectoscope, using a larger instrument with a larger viewing window and a wider loop. Davis incorporates both cutting and coagulation current diathermy, inventing a foot pedal allowing him to switch between the two during surgery.[14] | United States |
| 1931 | Instrumental | Joseph McCarthy improves the panendoscope (a foreoblique lens system invented by Frederick Wappler), with improved vision, Theodore Davis's dual current idea and Maximilian Stern's resectoscope.[14] | United States |
| 1933 | Literature | The History of Urology is published by the American Urological Association.[15] | United States |
| 1938 | Instrumental | Reed Nesbit devises a novel one-handed resectoscope.[6] | |
| 1945 | Organization | The British Association of Urological Surgeons is founded.[2] | United Kingdom |
| 1955 (circa) | Instrumental | The Hopkins rod lens system is developed, revolutionizing urology by providing robust, versatile, reliable & sterilizable endoscopic equipment and “cold” light sources which allow high-quality visualization of the interior of the urinary tract.[2] | |
| 1962 | Literature | Peer-reviewed scientific journal Der Urologe is established.[16] | Germany |
| 1971 | Organization | The International Continence Society is formed.[17] | |
| 1972 | Literature | Leonard J.T. Murphy publishes The History of Urology, one of the first complete history of urology texts.[10] | |
| 1973 | Instrumental | The artificial urinary sphincter is first implanted.[18] | |
| 1973 | Literature | Peer-reviewed scientific journal Urology is established. | |
| 1973 | Literature | John R Herman publishes Urology: A View Through the Retrospectroscope, a short text meant to be an introduction to the history of urology.[10] | |
| 1973 | Organization | The Indonesian Urological Association is established.[19] | Indonesia |
| 1975 | Literature | The Turkish Journal of Urology is established.[20] | Turkey |
| 1975 | Instrumental | Jose Iglesias develops the continuous flow resectoscope.[4] | |
| 1975 | Literature | Monthly peer-reviewed medical journal European Urology is established.[1] | |
| 1984 | Organization | The Interstitial Cystitis Association (ICA) is established.[21] | |
| 1985 | Literature | The Indian Journal of Urology is first issued.[22] | India |
| 1985 | Organization | A Section of Urology formally starts at the European Union of Medical Specialists.[23] | |
| 1985 | Organization | The Society for Basic Urologic Research is established.[24] | United States |
| 1988 | Organization | The Urology Center of Westchester is incorporated.[25] | United States |
| 1992 | Organization | The first European Board Examination in Urology is held.[23] | |
| 1993 | Organization | The Prostate Cancer Foundation is established.[26] | United States |
| 1995 | Literature | The African Journal of Urology is first issued.[27] | |
| 1999 | Field development | Scientists announce that a lab-grown bladder has been successfully transplanted into dogs.[28] | |
| 2001 | Organization | The Vattikuti Urology Institute is established in Detroit.[29] | United States |
| 2001 | Organization | The British Society of Urogynaecologists is formed.[30] | United Kingdom |
| 2002 | Literature | Renal & Urology News is first issued.[31] | United States |
| 2004 | Literature | Peer-reviewed medical journal Nature Reviews Urology is first issued.[32] | |
| 2011 | Literature | The American Urological Association first publishes a guideline on interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome.[21] | United States |
Numerical and visual data
Google Scholar
The following table summarizes per-year mentions on Google Scholar as of November 7, 2021.
| Year | urology |
|---|---|
| 1900 | 56 |
| 1910 | 190 |
| 1920 | 423 |
| 1930 | 767 |
| 1940 | 902 |
| 1950 | 1,160 |
| 1960 | 2,100 |
| 1970 | 2,950 |
| 1980 | 5,300 |
| 1990 | 9,990 |
| 2000 | 27,400 |
| 2010 | 73,400 |
| 2020 | 72,100 |
Google Trends
The chart below shows Google Trends data for Urology (Branch of medicine), from January 2004 to April 2021, when the screenshot was taken. Interest is also ranked by country and displayed on world map.[33]
Google Ngram Viewer
The chart below shows Google Ngram Viewer data for Urology, from 1700 to 2019.[34]
Wikipedia Views
The chart below shows pageviews of the English Wikipedia article Urology, on desktop from December 2007, and on mobile-web, desktop-spider, mobile-web-spider and mobile app, from July 2015; to March 2021. A data gap observed on desktop from October 2014 to June 2015 is the result of Wikipedia Views failure to retrieve data.[35]
Meta information on the timeline
How the timeline was built
The initial version of the timeline was written by User:Sebastian.
Funding information for this timeline is available.
Feedback and comments
Feedback for the timeline can be provided at the following places:
- FIXME
What the timeline is still missing
Timeline update strategy
See also
External links
References
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 Ware, Elgin W. "A brief history of urology at Baylor University Medical Center". PMC 1214562
. PMID 16278760.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 "History of Urology". camurology.org.uk. Retrieved 20 October 2018.
- ↑ Tefekli, Ahmet; Cezayirli, Fatin. "The History of Urinary Stones: In Parallel with Civilization". doi:10.1155/2013/423964.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Bladder Cancer: Diagnosis and Clinical Management (Seth P. Lerner, Mark P. Schoenberg, Cora N. Sternberg ed.).
- ↑ "Introducing the proto-endoscope". history.uroweb.org. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
- ↑ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 6.11 Patel, Sutchin R.; Moran, Michael E.; Nakada, Stephen Y. The History of Technologic Advancements in Urology.
- ↑ Warner, John Harley. Against the Spirit of System: The French Impulse in Nineteenth-Century American Medicine.
- ↑ Steiner, Rudolf W. Laser Lithotripsy: Clinical Use and Technical Aspects.
- ↑ Van Reen, R. Idiopathic Urinary Bladder Stone Disease.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 "History of Urology I (Podium)". jurology.com. Retrieved 20 October 2018.
- ↑ Talamini, Mark A. Advanced Therapy in Minimally Invasive Surgery.
- ↑ H, Ellis. "The Hopkins rod-lens system.". PMID 17598677. doi:10.1177/175045890701700605.
- ↑ Petrovich, Zbigniew; Baert, Luc. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Innovations in Management.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 "Stern-McCarthy resectoscope". baus.org.uk. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
- ↑ "The History Of Urology.". jamanetwork.com. Retrieved 19 October 2018.
- ↑ "DER UROLOGE. AUSGABE A". miar.ub.edu. Retrieved 20 October 2018.
- ↑ "ICS 1971". ics.org. Retrieved 20 October 2018.
- ↑ Minimally Invasive Therapy for Urinary Incontinence and Pelvic Organ Prolapse (Gopal H. Badlani ed.).
- ↑ "Urology in Asia – Indonesia". onlinelibrary.wiley.com. Retrieved 20 October 2018.
- ↑ "Turkish Journal of Urology" (PDF). turkishjournalofurology.com. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 Moldwin, Robert M. Urological and Gynaecological Chronic Pelvic Pain: Current Therapies.
- ↑ "Indian Journal of Urology". indianjurol.com. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 "EBU History". ebu.com. Retrieved 19 October 2018.
- ↑ "SBUR/AUA History". sbur.org. Retrieved 20 October 2018.
- ↑ "UCW". sozce.com. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
- ↑ "Prostate Cancer Foundation". pcf.org. Retrieved 20 October 2018.
- ↑ "African Journal of Urology". journals.elsevier.com. Retrieved 20 October 2018.
- ↑ Moreno-Borchart, Alexandra. "Building organs piece by piece". PMC 1299182. PMID 15520801. doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7400287.
- ↑ "Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Health System". vfrsi.vattikutifoundation.com. Retrieved 20 October 2018.
- ↑ "British Society of Urogynaecology". rcog.org.uk. Retrieved 20 October 2018.
- ↑ "Renal & Urology News". renalandurologynews.com. Retrieved 20 October 2018.
- ↑ Albersen, M; Cartwright, R; Choyke, P; Goldenberg, SL; Goldman, H; Lawrentschuk, N; Linehan, WM; Murphy, D; Nagler, H; Scardino, P; Shortliffe, L; Stenzl, A; Theodorescu, D. "Looking forward, looking back-10 years in urology.". PMID 25348169. doi:10.1038/nrurol.2014.263.
- ↑ "Urology". Google Trends. Retrieved 18 April 2021.
- ↑ "Urology". books.google.com. Retrieved 18 April 2021.
- ↑ "Urology". wikipediaviews.org. Retrieved 18 April 2021.
