Talk:Timeline of senescence research

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• Timeline of senescence research (expansion):
  • Vipul's reasons for marking as priority work:
    • Existence value: A solid timeline about the biology of senescence can be extremely useful background to people navigating the subject.
    • Time since last update: The timeline got its last minor expansion in 2018; it is mostly the same as when it was originally created in 2016. Since then, our standards for timelines and our processes for creating them have evolved quite a bit.
    • Pageviews so far is a non-reason, but there is a possibility that an improved, revamped timeline can attract way more pageviews.
  • Suggestions for expansion (from Vipul); don't limit yourself just to these:
    • Probably we should add more column(s) to classify by the theory or approach that the row is about. These columns may be blank for some rows.
    • There should be more context on individual rows, including possibly some context that explains the significance and current standing. The idea is that readers reading it should have a sense of the ups and downs of specific theories in the marketplace of ideas.
    • Things like Wikipedia Views, Google Trends, Google Ngram viewer
    • Maybe some charts of things based on Google Scholar, research budgets, etc.

Extended timeline

The following are events removed from the full timeline.

Full timeline

Year/period	Type of Event	Research type (when applicable)	Event	Location
1997 (August 7)	Notable case		French supercentenarian Jeanne Calment dies at the age of 122 years and 164 days, being the oldest human whose age is well-documented.	France
2013	Notable case		Japanese supercentenarian Jiroemon Kimura dies at the age of 115 years and 54 days, as the oldest verified man in history.	Japan

Additional content

Year/period	Type of Event	Research approach	Event	Location
2019 (November 8)			“As part of a normal process called senescence, cells may shut down when they recognize they have suffered DNA damage during division”
2019 (November 11)			“These novel compounds target senescence genes, a key senescence protein, and the expression of senescence-related genes in the retinal pigment epithelial cells”
2019 (November 12)			““But the research group found that dopamine neurons that regulate motivation, memory and movement by producing dopamine can become senescent”
2019 (November 14)			“Future therapies that specifically stop senescence may help prevent the disease or slow its progression”
2019 (November 25)			“The mechanism of programmed aging: The way to creation a real remedy for senescence”
2019 (November 27)			“When cells enter senescence (become old), they release a range of inflammatory factors and enzymes that break down the tissue in which they reside”
2019 (December 13)			“Researchers from the Institut Pasteur demonstrated that progressive depletion of a specific protein drives proliferating cells into irreversible aging. And that the depletion is an early trigger of senescence”
2019 (December 19)			“Platinum-based therapies trigger cellular senescence that is accompanied by the emergence of drug-resistant, more malignant cells”
2019 (December 21)			““Just over eight years ago, experiments discovered that removing senescent cells from mice led to marked rejuvenation, while transplanting senescent cells into young animals led to premature ageing,” said Cox”
2020 (January 7)			“Today, Velabs Therapeutics GmbH (Velabs), a biotech company focused on the rapid screening of functional therapeutic antibodies announced that it has entered into an exclusive licence agreement with alytas therapeutics GmbH (alytas), for the development and commercialization of alytas’ antibodies in the field of senescence, related degenerative processes and pathologies”
2020 (January 13)			“ They have shown that radiation and chemotherapy can halt cell division in bone, which results in a stress response referred to as senescence”
2020 (January 21)			“Senotherapy is an emerging scientific field and based on recent estimates it could be widely available within the next decade. Approaching ageing from a cellular level, scientists the world over are investigating how to stop the process of senescence through medicinal means”
2020 (January 29)			“Buck researchers discover how cellular senescence leads to neurodegeneration”
2020 (February 10)			“Radiotherapy and chemotherapy not only kill tumor cells, but they also induce senescence in tumor and niche cells. This fosters tumor relapse”
2020 (February 11)			“Blood test for inflammatory and cell senescence biomarkers may help predict cognitive decline”
2020 (February 28)			“Treatments for aging and cancer could be improved thanks to new senescence research. While most research into senescence has focused on fibroblasts, new research has turned the spotlight on epithelial cells, where most cancers arise”
2020 (March 3)			“Ghosh joins Unity Biotechnology, a company focused on developing therapeutics to extend longevity with an initial focus on cellular senescence, from Biogen, where he served as head of research and early development”
2020 (March 27)			“(In that outbreak, there were almost no deaths among children under the age of thirteen, and, when kids did get sick, the disease was, on average, milder than what affected adults.) When studying sars in mice models, Denison told me that he has observed a phenomenon known as “immune senescence,” in which older mice no longer had the capacity to respond in a balanced way to a new virus; their immune systems’ overreaction then caused even more severe disease”
2020 (March 31)			“The two drugs, trametinib (Mekinist®) and palbociclib (Ibrance®), do not by themselves kill tumor cells. Instead, they trigger a state called senescence”
2020 (April 22)			“Also, there were marked changes in genes associated with replication, aging, senescence, stress, inflammation, and increased expression of genes controlling both class I and II MHC antigens suggesting that mild glucose elevations in the early stages of diabetes lead to phenotypic changes that adversely affect beta cell function, growth, and vulnerability”
2020 (April 23)			“Elysium Health™ Announces Exclusive License of DNA Methylation Biomarkers of Personalized Health and Aging and Cellular Senescence from Yale University”
2020 (May 5)			“A new compound removes senescent cells and reduces toxicity in cancer treatment”
2020 (May 20)			“A trio of researchers at Ottawa Hospital Research Institute has conducted a review of the ways that periodic activation of satellite cells through exercise can lessen senescence acquisition and myogenic decline”
2020 (June 1)			“Senescence is known to protect against cancer. Dr dos Santos's research has also shown that cMYC overexpression drives post-pregnancy MECs into a pre-senescence-like state, where cell growth stops and cancer development is blocked”
2020 (June 10)			“Senescence leads to chronic inflammation: the cells secrete a lot of inflammatory mediators, which allows the cells to become almost infectious; so then neighbouring normal cells become senescent – it has a kind of cataclysmic effect”
2020 (June 17)			“Scientists at Memorial Sloan Kettering have genetically engineered immune cells to find and kill cells that contribute to diseases caused by senescence, a tissue-damaging inflammatory process”
2020 (June 18)			“could CAR-T therapy, which involves genetically editing patients' own immune cells, treat those diseases by targeting senescent cells? Researchers at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center have set out to answer that question. They designed CAR-T cells that target a protein called urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) on the surface of senescent cells.
2020 (June 30)			“Researchers developed a novel vaccine that removes senescent T cells from adipose tissues”
2020 (July 8)			“Among epithelial cells enriched in IPF, we identify a previously unidentified population of aberrant basaloid cells that coexpress basal epithelial, mesenchymal, senescence, and developmental markers and are located at the edge of myofibroblast foci in the IPF lung”
2020 (July 9)			“Induced pluripotent stem cells sidestep some of the ethical challenges normally associated with stem cell research, but developments will need to be rigorously tested before human trials can begin”
2020 (July 16)			“Researchers Discover Two Paths of Aging and New Insights on Promoting Healthspan”
2020 (July 27)			“The oldest trees on Earth have stood for nearly five millennia, and researchers have long wondered to what extent these ancient organisms undergo senescence, physically deteriorating as they age”
2020 (August 4)			““There have been a number of studies that explore female reproductive senescence in humans and other primates, but comparatively little work on male reproductive senescence,” says Krista Milich, assistant professor of biological anthropology at Washington University in St. Louis”
2020 (August 7)			“NSD2 enzyme appears to prevent cellular senescence”
2020 (August 11)			“Senolytics: A New Weapon In The War On Aging”
2020 (August 14)			“The Estée Lauder Companies has announced a joint collaboration agreement with biotech company Atropos Therapeutics to identify and develop senescence modulating chemicals”
2020 (August 20)			“When in senescence mode, blood vessels produce inflammatory molecules that become targets of immune cells called neutrophils”
2020 (August 21)			“Neutrophil extracellular traps target senescent vasculature for tissue remodeling in retinopathy”
2020 (September 16)			“San Francisco-based UNITY Biotechnology launched a restructuring program to focus on cellular senescence in ophthalmology and neurology”
2020 (September 17)			“DN B cells are also associated with immune senescence as a result of excessive immune activation, and an exhausted phenotype is observed in patients with HIV”
2020 (September 28)			“During the natural process of aging, the main risk factor for both sporadic and genetic forms of Parkinson’s, humans accumulate senescent cells within their tissues”
2020 (September 29)			“Now scientists have some of the first evidence that at a younger age at least, senescent cells show up quickly after a major injury and are protective”
2020 (October 14)			“These senescent cells are typically cleared by the immune system, but as the body ages, they begin to accumulate, ramping up inflammation. In August, Kirkland and a team at the Mayo Clinic launched a 70-person trial to test whether a senolytic called fisetin, which is found in strawberries and sold as a health supplement, can curb progression of COVID-19 in adults aged 60 or older”
2020 (October 19)			“The scientists then supplemented the cells and mice with NR. NR works by raising levels of NAD+, an important regulator that is known to naturally decline with age. In this study NR increased NAD+ levels, reduced signs of telomere damage, promoted cell growth and prevented senescence (cellular aging) in the DC cells”
2020 (October 27)			“Variations in Cellular Senescence May Influence Health and Onset of Age-Related Diseases”
2020 (October 27)			“Cellular senescence as a drug target. New research reveals that age-related declines in cellular function and proliferation occur in multiple stages, accompanied by different inflammatory responses”
2020 (November 13)			“In cancer therapy, it is deliberately induced with drugs to slow down tumor growth. However, such senescent tumor cells can, in certain conditions, also take the opposite path, which is undesirable in therapy: they become more aggressive and form metastases”
2020 (November 18)	Scientific development		"For the first time, Israeli scientists showed the reversal of aging in two key biological clocks in humans, by giving patients oxygen therapy in a pressurized chamber. The results appear in the journal Aging."	Israel
2020 (November 27)			“Increased growing-season productivity drives earlier autumn leaf senescence in temperate trees”
2020 (November 30)			“Research findings provide insight into the complex mechanism of cellular senescence and present a potential therapeutic strategy for reducing age-related diseases associated with the accumulation of senescent cells”
2020 (December 1)			“Research findings by a KAIST team provide insight into the complex mechanism of cellular senescence and present a potential therapeutic strategy for reducing age-related diseases associated with the accumulation of senescent cells”
2020 (December 7)			“Cervical cancer survival may improve by targeting senescent "zombie" cells”
2021	Scientific development		"Wistar Scientists Discover New Mechanism Through Which Senescent Cells Turn On Genes That Encode for Secreted Tumor-regulating Factors"
2021 (January 13)			“The Longevity and Anti-Senescence Therapy Market is predominantly driven by escalating geriatric population across the globe. According to World Population Prospects 2019 (United Nations, 2019), Global population aged 65 or over was accounted for 703 Million
2021 (January 13)			“However, many scientists are optimistic that cellular senescence — the process in which cells lose normal function, including the ability to divide and replicate, but remain alive and acquire newly emerging functions — could be a big step forward”
2021 (January 19)			“Chinese scientists develop gene therapy which could delay ageing”
2021 (January 21)			“Host senescence has been shown to be manipulated by other pathogens, but this is the first indication that it plays a role in citrus greening disease progression”
2021 (January 27)			“Data from a range of studies conducted in cells, animals, and humans show that metformin works by suppressing the inflammation caused by senescent cells”
2021 (February 3)			“Senescent cells accumulate in organs during aging, promote tissue dysfunction, and cause numerous aging-related diseases like cancer”
2021 (February 5)			“Senescent cells accumulate in organs during aging, promote tissue dysfunction, and cause numerous aging-related diseases like cancer”
2021 (February 9)			“In particular, Cherif studied the role of senescent cells, often known as “zombie cells,” which permanently stop dividing but continue to age and evade death”
2021 (February 20)			“Researchers have shown that chemically inhibiting the enzyme PRMT5 can suppress the growth of glioblastoma cells because it led to ‘cell senescence’ - cells losing the ability to divide and grow, similar to the aging process. Cellular senescence can also be a powerful tumour suppression mechanism, stopping the unrelenting division of cancer cells”
2021 (February 24)			“More directly related to the present paper, research has shown that contextual processing (CP, sometimes also referred to as context processing) is another important cognitive domain that can be greatly impaired during senescence”
2021 (March 6)			“Senescent cells damage healthy cells around them, contributing to multiple age-related diseases”
2021 (March 13)			“Cancer cells can dodge chemotherapy by entering a state that bears similarity to certain kinds of senescence, a type of "active hibernation" that enables them to weather the stress induced by aggressive treatments aimed at destroying them”
2021 (April 1 )			“Wistar Scientists Discover New Mechanism Through Which Senescent Cells Turn On Genes That Encode for Secreted Tumor-regulating Factors”
2021 (April 5)			“Biomarker Discovery Could Aid Development of Senolytic Drugs Against Age-Related Disorders”
2021 (April 17)			“Clariant launches new natural active ingredient to take on senescence”
2021 (May 4)			“The report titled “Anti-Senescence Therapy Market : Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends, and Forecasts 2021-2027” utilizing diverse methodologies aims to examine and put forth in-depth and accurate data regarding the global Anti-Senescence Therapy market”
2021 (May 10)			“Scientists at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) have discovered a new mechanism by which the body clears senescent cells—and what they learned could inspire new therapies for chronic diseases, they reported in the journal Med”
2021 (May 10)			“New immunotherapy fights aging symptoms by clearing out defunct cells”
2021 (May 10)			“Scientists Find Mechanism that Eliminates Senescent Cells”
2021 (May 12)			“In a study recently published in Nature, University of Minnesota Medical School researchers found that senescent immune cells are the most dangerous type of senescent cell”
2021 (May 25)			"Humans Could Live up to 150 Years, New Research Suggests"
2036	Notable prediction		On March 14, 2021, Aubrey de Grey tweets: "I now think there is a 50% chance that we will reach longevity escape velocity by 2036. After that point (the "Methuselarity"), those who regularly receive the latest rejuvenation therapies will never suffer from age-related ill-health at any age."

Content for a timeline of gerontology and geriatrics

Year/period	Type of Event	Research approach	Event	Location