Timeline of Cochrane
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This is a timeline of Cochrane, a non-profit organization aimed at providing up-to-date, accurate information about the effects of healthcare available worldwide.[1]
Big picture
| Time period | Development summary | More details |
|---|
Full timeline
| Year | Event type | Details |
|---|---|---|
| 1992 | Founding | The National Health Service Research and Development Programme, led by Michael Peckham, provides funds to establish a Cochrane Centre in Oxford, tasked with collaborating across the UK and internationally to facilitate systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials across all areas of healthcare. The centre lays the institutional groundwork for what becomes the Cochrane Collaboration the following year.[2] |
| 1992 | Founding | Iain Chalmers is appointed director of the UK Cochrane Centre, a role that positions him to drive the expansion of systematic review methodology internationally and leads directly to the development of the Cochrane Collaboration the following year.[3] |
| 1993 | Founding | Cochrane, previously known as the Cochrane Collaboration, is founded under the leadership of Iain Chalmers, in direct response to Archie Cochrane's call for systematic, up-to-date reviews of all relevant randomised controlled trials in healthcare. David Sackett serves as the organisation's first chair. The founding marks the beginning of a global effort to synthesize medical research for evidence-based decision-making by clinicians, patients, and policymakers.[4] |
| 1994 | Organizational development | The Cochrane Schizophrenia Group is registered with the Cochrane Collaboration, and begins collecting relevant randomized controlled trials and producing and disseminating systematic reviews within the Cochrane Library. The group's formation reflects Cochrane's early strategy of building topic-specific review groups to systematically cover discrete areas of clinical medicine.[5] |
| 1997 | Organizational development | Cochrane South Africa is established, marking one of the organisation's earliest formal presences on the African continent and part of a broader effort to expand the geographic reach of evidence synthesis capacity beyond high-income countries.[6] |
| 1998 | Organizational development | The Cochrane Economics Methods Group (CEMG) is established to integrate health economics into the evidence-based medicine framework, supporting decisions grounded in both clinical and economic evidence from systematic reviews. The group later becomes a key node connecting Cochrane's review methodology with broader policy and resource-allocation questions in healthcare. |
| 2004 | Organizational development | The Campbell Collaboration joins with the CEMG to form the Campbell & Cochrane Economics Methods Group (CCEMG), broadening the application of health economics methods beyond medicine into social policy and public health systematic reviews.[7] |
| 2013 | Partnerships | Cochrane publishes an editorial describing its efforts to train researchers in developing nations to conduct Cochrane reviews, as part of a broader capacity-building initiative aimed at expanding evidence synthesis expertise in low- and middle-income countries.[8] |
| 2014 | Partnerships | The Cochrane–Wikipedia partnership is formalised, supporting the inclusion of Cochrane evidence in Wikipedia's medical articles and providing Wikipedia editors with resources for interpreting medical data. Cochrane and publisher John Wiley & Sons make 100 free Cochrane accounts available to Wikipedia medical editors, and fund a Wikipedian in Residence at Cochrane.[9] |
| 2016 | Organizational development | Cochrane reports more than 37,000 contributors from over 130 countries, many of whom are authors of Cochrane Reviews, reflecting the organisation's growth into one of the largest collaborative networks in evidence-based medicine.[10] |
| 2017 | Organizational development | A Cochrane editorial discusses the evolution of the organisation's methodological approaches, including the growing incorporation of study designs beyond randomised controlled trials — such as observational and interrupted time-series studies — and reflects on the persistent challenge of translating synthesized evidence into routine clinical practice.[11] |
| 2018 | Controversy | At its annual meeting, the Cochrane board expels Peter C. Gøtzsche, board member and director of Cochrane's Nordic center, following numerous complaints about his conduct and his co-authorship of an article in BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine alleging bias in Cochrane's review of HPV vaccines. Four elected board members resign in protest, prompting the board to cut two appointed members to restore the ratio required by the organisation's charter. Gøtzsche publishes an open letter accusing Cochrane of developing a "growing top-down authoritarian culture and an increasingly commercial business model."[12] |
Meta information on the timeline
How the timeline was built
The initial version of the timeline was written by FIXME.
Funding information for this timeline is available.
Feedback and comments
Feedback for the timeline can be provided at the following places:
- FIXME
What the timeline is still missing
Timeline update strategy
See also
External links
References
- ↑ "The Cochrane collaboration". healthknowledge.org.uk. Retrieved 21 September 2019.
- ↑ Dickersin, K; Manheimer, E (1998). "The Cochrane Collaboration: evaluation of health care and services using systematic reviews of the results of randomized controlled trials". Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology. 41 (2): 315–331. doi:10.1097/00003081-199806000-00012. PMID 9646964.
- ↑ Starr, Mark; Chalmers, Iain; Clarke, Mike; Oxman, Andrew D (2009). "The origins, evolution, and future of the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews". International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care. 25: 182–195. doi:10.1017/s026646230909062x. PMID 19534840.
- ↑ Ault, Alicia (2003). "Clinical research. Climbing a medical Everest". Science. 300 (5628): 2024–2025. doi:10.1126/science.300.5628.2024. PMID 12829761.
- ↑ Adams, Clive E. "Schizophrenia trials: past, present and future" (PDF). pdfs.semanticscholar.org.
- ↑ Abdulwadud, Omar; Nigatu, Balkachew; Azazh, Aklilu; Mekasha, Amha; Heye, Tigist Bacha; Debebeb, Finote; Geremew Emirub, Haimanot (2019). "Cochrane, evidence-based medicine and associated factors: A cross-sectional study of the experiences and knowledge of Ethiopian specialists in training". African Journal of Emergency Medicine. doi:10.1016/j.afjem.2019.01.005.
- ↑ Shemilt, I; Mugford, M; Drummond, M (2006). "Economics methods in Cochrane systematic reviews of health promotion and public health related interventions". BMC Medical Research Methodology. 6: 55. doi:10.1186/1471-2288-6-55. PMC 1660547. PMID 17107612.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ↑ Young T, Garner P, Kredo T, Mbuagbaw L, Tharyan P, Volmink J (2013). "Cochrane and capacity building in low- and middle-income countries: where are we at?". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 11 (11) ED000072. doi:10.1002/14651858.ED000072. PMID 24524153.
- ↑ Orlowitz, Jake (2014). "Cochrane Collaboration recruits talented Wikipedian In Residence". Cochrane.
- ↑ "The Cochrane collaboration". healthknowledge.org.uk. Retrieved 21 September 2019.
- ↑ Ruotsalainen, Jani; Sauni, Riitta; Verbeek, Jos (2017). "Cochrane Work—championing facts since 2003". Occupational Medicine. 67 (7): 504–506. doi:10.1093/occmed/kqx073. PMID 29048596.
- ↑ Vesper, Inga (2018). "Mass resignation guts board of prestigious Cochrane Collaboration". Nature. doi:10.1038/d41586-018-06727-0.