Timeline of startup incubators and accelerators

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This is a timeline of startup incubators and accelerators, attempting to describe events related to their evolution as well as the emergence of important organizations.

Big picture

Time period Development summary
Since 1959 The formal concept of business incubation is conceived in the United States. The Batavia Industrial Center is considered to be the first startup incubator.[1] The vision, activity and models of incubators evolves in the 1960s.[2]
1980s A rapid and intensified emergence of startup incubators begins in the United States, accompanied by a shift to seeking innovation and disrupting the global economy.[2] The concept of accelerators morphs from incubators and can be traced back to this decade.[3]
1990s Computer enthusiasts and entrepreneurs seeking a more collaborative and open experience form hacker spaces and startup incubators in major cities and universities around the world.[4] Idealab is credited with bringing the incubator model to the tech world.[3]
2000s Hundreds of academic and for-profit "fab labs" and "maker" studios emerge in over 70 countries around the world.[4]
Since 2005 Y Combinator is considered to be the first startup accelerator. Since its founding, the accelerator model would come to life[3] and the industry would experience immense growth both in and out of the United States, giving thousands of entrepreneurs access to expertise and capital that can help jumpstart their business.[5][6] Y Combinator would be followed by other important organizations, like Techstars and Seedcamp, among others.
Since 2007 Startup accelerators start emerging in Europe, with the launch of Seedcamp.[7]
Present time To date, the United States and Canada encompass the most active region for investments on a global scale, while Europe leads in terms of the number of startups accelerated.[5]

Numerical and visual data

Google Scholar

The following table summarizes per-year mentions on Google Scholar as of October 28, 2021.

Year "startup incubator" "startup accelerator"
2000 1 1
2002 1 0
2004 2 0
2006 5 0
2008 4 2
2010 5 2
2012 23 39
2014 67 92
2016 98 189
2018 173 219
2020 175 246


Startup incubators and accelerators gscho.png

Google Trends

The comparative chart below shows Google Trends data for Business incubator (Organization type) and Startup accelerator (Topic), from January 2004 to April 2021, when the screenshot was taken. Interest is also ranked by country and displayed on world map.[8]

Business incubator and Startup accelerator gt.png

The comparative chart below shows Google Trends data for YCombinator (Company), Techstars (Company), 500 Startups (Topic), Venture Catalysts (Topic) and Startupbootcamp (Topic), from January 2004 to April 2021, when the screenshot was taken. Interest is also ranked by country and displayed on world map.[9]

YCombinator, Techstars, 500 Startups, Venture Catalysts and Startupbootcamp gt.png

Google Ngram Viewer

The comparative chart below shows Google Ngram Viewer data for startup incubator and startup accelerator from 1990 to 2019.[10]

Startup incubator and startup accelerator ngram.png

Wikipedia Views

The comparative chart below shows pageviews on desktop of the English Wikipedia articles startup incubator and startup accelerator from July 2015 to March 2021.[11]

Startup incubator and startup accelerator wv.png

Full timeline

Year Month and date Category Event type Details Country/location
1959 Incubator Early development The formal concept of business incubation begins in the United States when Joseph L. Mancuso opens the Batavia Industrial Center in a Batavia, New York warehouse, to provide support to early-stage companies.[12][2] United States (Batavia, New York)
1985 Incubator Concept development The first academic papers on incubators are published in academic journals, defining them as "a facility", "a collective and temporary place for accomodating companies", or a place to "leverage entrepreneurial talent".[2]
1990 July 2 Incubator Organization Sid Martin Biotechnology Incubator is established in Florida.[13] United States (Alachua, Florida)
1994 Accelerator Organization American venture capital firm SOSV is founded by Sean O'Sullivan. It provides growth, seed, and venture capital funding to startups. It runs six seed accelerator programs: HAX Accelerator, Chinaccelerator, MOX, IndieBio, RebelBio, and Food-X, each one offering a 3-6 month co-located incubation/accelerator program and funding to selected start ups.[14][15] United States (Princeton, New Jersey)
1996 Incubator Organization Idealab is founded by Bill Gross. Based in Pasadena, California[16], it is one of the first to introduce the 'incubator industry'.[17][18] United States (Pasadena, California)
2001 Incubator Organization Sunshine Suites is founded in New York City.[19] United States (New York City)
2001 December 10 Incubator Literature Colin Barrow publishes Incubators: A Realist's Guide to the World's New Business Accelerators.[20]
2002 Incubator Statistics Around 900 incubation environments in Western Europe are identified by study funded by the European Commission.[21] Europe
2005 March Accelerator Organization Y Combinator is founded in Cambridge, Massachussets. It is widely considered the first seed accelerator. YC would later move to Mountain View, California.[5] United States (Cambridge, Massachussets)
2006 February Accelerator Organization Early stage investor Plug and Play Tech Center is founded. It is based in Sunnyvale, California.[22] United States (Sunnyvale, California)
2006 October 1 Accelerator Organization Techstars is founded. Based in the Denver area, it runs an accelerator program.[23][5] United States (Denver)
2006 Accelerator Organization Accelerator Centre is founded in Canada. Based in Waterloo, Ontario, it is a network of facilities dedicated to developing and commercializing technology startups.[24] Canada (Waterloo, Ontario)
2007 Accelerator Organization Seedcamp is founded in the United Kingdom as the first accelerator in Europe.[5] United Kingdom (London)
2007 Incubator Organization TechNexus is founded in Chicago.[25][26] United States (Chicago)
2007 Accelerator Organization LaunchBox Digital is founded. Headquartered in Durham, North Carolina, it is a based venture capital firm specializing in angel, seed, and early-stage investments.[27] United States (Durham, North Carolina)
2007 Accelerator Organization DreamIt Ventures is founded. It focuses on urbantech, securetech, and healthtech startups.[28] United States (New York City)
2008 Accelerator Organization Imagine H2O is founded as a water innovation accelerator. It assists water technology businesses win customers and investment.[29][30] United States (San Francisco, California)
2008 Early stage investor Organization NDRC is founded in Dublin. It offers investment and research help for startups.[31] Ireland (Dublin)
2008 Accelerator Organization Accelerace is founded in Denmark. It provides training, funding, and business development services for startups.[32] Denmark (Copenhagen)
2008 June 2 Early stage investor Organization NYC Seed is founded in New York City as a seed venture capital firm.[33] United States (New York City)
2009 Accelerator Organization Global, zero-equity startup accelerator MassChallenge is founded in Boston, Massachusetts.[34] United States (Boston)
2009 Incubator Organization Village Capital is founded in Atlanta. The company conducts a peer investing model.[35] United States (Atlanta)
2009 Accelerator Organization Chinaccelerator is founded in Dalian, China.[36] Based in Shanghai, it provides seed funding, mentorship, and legal assistance to software companies.[37] China (Dalian)
2009 Incubator/accelerator Organization Commercialization Reactor is founded in Riga.[38] Latvia (Riga)
2009 July 1 Accelerator Organization Tech Wildcatters is founded in Dallas. It is a mentorship-driven microseed fund and startup accelerator. It runs a 12-week accelerator “The Gauntlet” which would be rated as a Top 10 Accelerator/Incubator by Forbes.[39] United States (Dallas)
2009 Accelerator Program launch Accelerator program CHINA-AXLR8R launches in Shanghai, China.[40][41] China (Shanghai)
2009 Accelerator Organization Launchpad LA is founded in Los Angeles.[25] United States
2009 Incubator Organization Ruta N is founded in Medellin, Colombia. It runs an incubation program.[42][43] Colombia
2009 Incubator Organization Portland Incubator Experiment is founded. Having started as a downtown Portland co-working space, it would quickly morph into an accelerator.[44] United States
2009 Accelerator Organization Capital Factory is founded. Based in Austin, Texas, it runs accelerator, co-working space, incubator, and venture capital programs.[45] United States
2009 December 18 Incubator Organization Startup incubator KickLabs is founded.[46]
2010 Accelerator Organization Start-Up Chile is created by the Chilean Government with "two main intentions: to change the nation’s culture towards entrepreneurship and to position Chile as the hub of innovation for Latin America."[47] Chile
2010 Accelerator Organization Startup Sauna is founded in Finland. Based in Espoo, it is an accelerator focusing on raising the valuation of seed-stage startups.[48] Finland
2010 April 1 Accelerator Organization 500 Startups is founded. Based in Mountain View, California, it runs an accelerator program.[49][25] United States
2010 Accelerator Organization Excelerate Labs is founded.[25] Based in Chicago, it is an intensive summer accelerator for startups.[50] United States
2010 May Accelerator Organization Startup accelerator Seeqnce is founded in Lebanon.[51] Lebanon
2010 July 1 Accelerator Organization The Brandery is founded. Headquartered in Cincinnati, it is ranked as one of the top startup accelerators in the United States.[52] United States (Cincinnati)
2010 September Accelerator Organization Seed-stage accelerator program AngelPad is launched by seven ex-Googlers. It is based in San Francisco.[53][25] United States
2010 October 9 Accelerator Organization Startupbootcamp is founded. Based in London, it is a global network of industry-focused startup accelerators that provides investment and mentorship services.[54] United Kingdom
2010 Early stage investor Organization Early-stage startup funding firm i/o Ventures is founded. Based in San Francisco, it mentors newly founded companies by providing seed funding, advice and connections.[55] United States (San Francisco)
2011 April 9 Accelerator Organization Wayra is founded in Spain. Based in Madrid, it is a start-up accelerator that invests in mature and technological startups.[56] Spain
2011 June 30 Accelerator Organization Fábrica de Startups is founded in Portugal as a business accelerator.[57] Portugal
2011 July 20 Accelerator Organization Venture for America is founded. Based in New York City, it runs a startup accelerator program.[58][59] United States
2011 July 31 Incubator Organization Startup incubator Blueseed launches as an attempt at a visa-free startup community. Based in the San Francisco Bay Area, its original purpose is to provide an entrepreneurial alternative to the Startup Visa Act, as the United States visa immigration system at the time does not allow for entrepreneurs from overseas to come to the country and test out their ideas.[60]. As of October 2019, it remains suspended on hold pending funding.[61] United States
2011 Accelerator Organization Accelerator Academy is founded in London. It offers mentorship, training, and investment.[62][63] United Kingdom
2011 Incubator Organization Innovation Pavilion is founded in Centennial, Colorado.[64] United States
2011 Accelerator Organization Entrepreneurs Roundtable Accelerator (ERA) is founded. Based in New York City, it is an early-stage venture capital fund and technology accelerator.[65] United States
2011 January 4 Accelerator Organization Propeller Venture Accelerator is founded. Based in Dublin, it invests in early stage information and communications technology companies.[66] Ireland
2011 Accelerator Organization HAX Accelerator launches. It is one of six start up incubators run by SOSV.[67] It is based in Shenzhen, China.[68] China
2011 June 1 Accelerator Organization Flat6Labs is founded in Egypt. It is a dedicated startup accelerator for seed stage investments.[69] Egypt
2011 September 1 Accelerator Organization Entrepreneur First is founded.[70] Based in London, it invests in individuals “pre-team, pre-idea” to help create new technology startups.[71] United Kingdom
2011 Incubator Organization Nonprofit business incubator StartX is founded.[72]
2011 Accelerator Program launch Google for Startups launches as a startup program. It consists of over 50 co-working spaces and accelerators in 125 countries, offering hands-on lessons for aspiring entrepreneurs.[73][74]
2011 Accelerator Concept development Miller and Bound define accelerators, distinguishing them from incubators by five features: 1) An application process that is open to all, yet highly competitive. 2) Provision of pre-seed investment, usually in exchange for equity. 3) A focus on small teams not individual founders. 4) Time-limited support comprising programmed events and intensive mentoring. 5) Cohorts or ‘classes’ of startups rather than individual companies.[7]
2012 January Accelerator Organization British accelerator Entrepreneurial Spark is founded in Glasgow.[75] It offers start-up support, business mentoring, workshops, office space, IT, and facilities.[76] United Kingdom
2012 April 2 Accelerator Organization Non-profit startup accelerator 1871 is founded. Based in Chicago, it assists digital designers, engineers, and entrepreneurs build their startups and share ideas.[77] United States
2012 April 30 Accelerator Ranking Forbes publishes an analysis of startup accelerators, ranking Y Combinator as the top incubator, followed by TechStars, DreamIt Ventures, AngelPad, Launchpad LA, Excelerate Labs, Kicklabs, 500 Startups, TechNexus and Tech Wildcatters.[25] United States
2012 June Accelerator Organization Gener8tor is founded. Based in Madison, Wisconsin, it is a concierge accelerator that invests in high-growth startups.[78][79] United States (Madison, Wisconsin)
2012 September 1 Accelerator Organization Accelerator Blue Startups is founded. It is based in Honolulu, Hawaii.[80] United States
2012 September Incubator Organization Banting and Best Centre for Innovation and Entrepreneurship is launched by the University of Toronto as a pre-incubation hub for discovery, innovation and commercialization.[81] Canada
2012 Accelerator Organization The Alchemist Accelerator is founded. Based in San Francisco, it is an accelerator program that focuses entirely on enterprise startups.[82] United States
2012 Accelerator Ranking Tech cocktail publishes list of the top fifteen startup accelerators in the United States. List in decreasing rank order: Y Combinator, Techstars (Boulder, Colorado), Kicklabs (San Francisco), i/o ventures (San Francisco), Excelerate (Chicago), AngelPad (San Francisco), Techstars New York City, Techstars Boston, Launchpad LA (Los Angeles), 500 startups, Dreamit Ventures (Philadelphia), Techstars (Seattle), NYC SeedStart (New York City), Entrepreneur Roundtable Accelerator (New York City), and Brandery (Cincinnati).[83] United States
2012 December 6 Accelerator Literature The Launch Pad: Inside Y Combinator, Silicon Valley's Most Exclusive School for Startups is published by Randall Stross.[84]
2013 Accelerator Organization Barcelona Ventures is founded. It builds acceleration services accordingly to solve the problems that European firms have when entering the American market.[85] Spain
2013 Accelerator Organization Barclays Accelerator is founded in London. It is powered by American seed accelerator Techstars.[86] United Kingdom
2013 Accelerator Organization New Zelander startup accelerator Lightning Lab launches.[87] New Zeland
2013 Accelerator Accelerator Organization Startup accelerator Mach 37 is founded. It is based in Herndon, Virginia.[88] United States
2013 Accelerator Organization District 3 Innovation Center is founded in Canada.[89] Canada
2013 Accelerator Organization Axel Springer Plug and Play is founded as a Berlin-based pre-seed startup accelerator.[90] Germany (Berlin)
2013 Organization The Lisbon Challenge is founded in Portugal. It is a 4-month acceleration program aimed at startups in the growth phase.[91] Portugal
2013 November 14 Accelerator Organization NUMA is founded in France. It offers community events, startup acceleration, and innovation programs for corporates.[92] France
2014 February 1 Accelerator Organization UniCredit Start Lab FinTech Accelerator is founded in Italy. Based in Milan, it is a business accelerator that supports entrepreneurs focused on financial technologies.[62][93] Italy
2014 June 30 Accelerator Literature Luke Deering, Matt Cartagena, and Chris Dowdeswell publish Accelerate: Founder Insights Into Accelerator Programs.[94]
2014 Accelerator Organization IMPACT Accelerator is founded in Spain as a startup accelerator.[95] Spain
2014 Accelerator Organization 43 North launches as a startup competition and accelerator program. It is based in Buffalo, New York.[96][97] United States
2014 Accelerator Organization Fast Forward is founded as an accelerator. Based in the San Francisco Bay Area, it provides investment, space, and guidance to help scale early-stage tech nonprofits.[98] United States
2014 October 27 Accelerator Literature Jobe David Leonard publishes Startup Incubators and Business Accelerators: The Easy Way to Create a Startup Incubation and Business Acceleration Center.[99]
2014 September 4 Accelerator Organization The Yield Lab is founded. Based in Saint Louis, Missouri, it provides agriculture technology companies with funding, training, mentorship, and networking opportunities.[100] United States (Saint Louis, Missouri)
2015 March Accelerator Ranking Forbes publishes list of the ten best accelerators in the United States. The top 20 accelerator programs are listed as follows: AngelPad, MuckerLab, Techstars, University of Chicago New Venture Challenge, The Alchemist Accelerator, StartX, Amplify.LA, 500 Startups, Capital Innovators, DreamIt Ventures, Surge Accelerator, MassChallenge, The Brandery, Gener8tor, ZeroTo510, AlphaLab, Blue Startups, Entrepreneurs Roundtable Accelerator, Betaspring, and The Iron Yard.[101] United States
2015 March 16 Incubator Literature Michael Docherty publishes Collective Disruption: How Corporations and Startups Can Co-Create Transformative New Businesses.[102]
2015 Accelerator Organization Phandeeyar is founded in Myanmar as an initiative aimed at fostering tech start-ups and projects initiated by local technology professionals.[103] Myanmar (Yangon)
2015 Early stage investor Organization NEXT is founded in the Netherlands. Based in Amsterdam, it is an early stage investment fund with hands-on mentoring.[104] Netherlands
2015 Accelerator Organization Kickstart Accelerator is founded in Switzerland. It is one of the largest zero equity, multi-corporate accelerators in Europe.[105] Switzerland (Zürich)
2015 Accelerator Organization Spring Accelerator is founded in Nairobi. It supports businesses and services whose products & service can "transform the lives of adolescent girls".[106] Kenya (Nairobi)
2016 March Accelerator Ranking Forbes publishes its list of best startup accelerators, listing them in three categories. Platinum tier: 500 Startups, The Alchemist Accelerator, Amplify LA, Angelpad, Chicago New Venture Challenge, MuckerLab, StartX, Techstars, Y Combinator. Gold tier: Brandery, Capital Innovators, Dreamit, Gener8tor, Healthbox, Mass Challenge, Surge. Silver tier: Alphalab, Betaspring, Health Wildcatters, Iron Yard, Lighthouse Labs, Plug and Play, and Zero to 510.[107]
2016 September Incubator/accelerator Organization Startup incubator and accelerator F10 launches in Switzerland.[108] Switzerland (Zürich)
2016 August 15 Accelerator Organization Oswald Labs is founded. It is an accessibility technology company that builds products for the differently abled. Based in New Delhi, it also runs a startup accelerator program.[109][110] India (New Delhi)
2016 Accelerator Organization Eleven Ventures is founded. Ir offers coaching, digital infrastructure, and global network.[111][62] Bulgaria (Sofia)
2016 Accelerator Organization K-Startup Grand Challenge launches. Held every year in Seoul, it offers startups from all over the world a global platform to break into the Asian market using Korea as a launchpad.[112] South Korea
2016 Accelerator Organization Nordea Accelerator is founded in Finland as startup accelerator. It is based in Helsinki.[62][113] Finland
2016 Accelerator Statistics In their 2016 Global Accelerator Report, global SaaS platform Gust estimates that in the year accelerators worldwide invested US$207 million in 11,305 start-ups via 579 accelerator programs, broken down as follows: Total investment by accelerators in 2016: Asia & Oceania US$17.6 million, Middle East & Africa US$7.6 million, Latin America US$24.2 million, Europe US$50.1 million, USA & Canada US$107.3 million. Total number of companies receiving investment from accelerators in 2016: Middle East & Africa 1.172, USA & Canada 3.269, Europe 3.701, Latin America 1.795, Asia & Oceania 1.368.[114][5]
2017 June 7 Accelerator Ranking Forbes publishes list of the best startup accelerators Of 2017, in four categories. Platinum Plus: AngelPad, Y Combinator. Platinum: The Alchemist Accelerator, Amplify LA, Mucker Lab, StartX, Techstars, U. Chigago New Venture, Challenge. Gold: 500 Startups, gener8tor, HAX, Healthbox, IndieBio, MassChallenge, R/GA, SkyDeck. Silver: Brandery, Capital Innovators, DreamIt Ventures, PlugAndPlay, REach, Yield Lab, Zero to 510. Bronze: Accelerprise, AlphaLab, FoodX, Health Wildcatters, Lighthouse Labs, Up Tech, XLR8UH.[115]
2018 July 18 Accelerator Literature Ryan Kushner publishes Accelerate This!: A Super Not Boring Guide to Startup Accelerators and Clean Energy Entrepreneurship.[116]
2018 August 7 Accelerator Ranking Forbes publishes list of world top startup accelerators based on successful exits. I decreasing order: 1) Y Combinator (192 exits), 2) Mountain View-based 500 Startups (162), 3) Boulder, Colorado-based Techstars (134), 4) Sunnyvale-based Plug and Play (60), 5) Boston-based MassChallenge (39), 6) Princeton, NJ-based SOSV, 7) London-based Startupbootcamp (21), Moscow-based Internet Initiatives Development Fund IIDF (21), 9) British Wayra (18), and 10) Start-Up Chile (16 exits).[117]
2019 September 30 Accelerator Program launch South Korean multinational Lotte Corporation announces its startup accelerator arm Lotte Accelerator, with a fund worth US$52.3 million.[118] South Korea (Seoul)

Meta information on the timeline

How the timeline was built

The initial version of the timeline was written by User:Sebastian.

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See also

External links

References

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