Difference between revisions of "Timeline of malaria vaccine"
From Timelines
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| 1983 || || The first publications for cloning malaria [[wikipedia:antigen|antigen]]s appear.<ref name="Malaria Vaccine Design: Immunological Considerations"/> || | | 1983 || || The first publications for cloning malaria [[wikipedia:antigen|antigen]]s appear.<ref name="Malaria Vaccine Design: Immunological Considerations"/> || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 1984 || || The [[wikipedia:Walter Reed Army Institute of Research|Walter Reed Army Institute of Research]] (WRAIR) and British pharmaceutical company [[wikipedia:GlaxoSmithKline|GlaxoSmithKline]] (GSK) initiate collaboration to produce a malaria vaccine using GSK’s recombinant [[wikipedia:escherichia coli|escherichia coli]] expression systems.<ref name="Fact s heet: T he RTS,S malaria vaccine candidate (Mosquirix TM )"/><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Ripley Ballou|first1=W.|last2=Cahill|first2=Conor P.|title=Two Decades of Commitment to Malaria Vaccine Development: Glaxosmithkline Biologicals|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1706/|accessdate=19 April 2017}}</ref> || | + | | 1984 || Program launch || The [[wikipedia:Walter Reed Army Institute of Research|Walter Reed Army Institute of Research]] (WRAIR) and British pharmaceutical company [[wikipedia:GlaxoSmithKline|GlaxoSmithKline]] (GSK) initiate collaboration to produce a malaria vaccine using GSK’s recombinant [[wikipedia:escherichia coli|escherichia coli]] expression systems.<ref name="Fact s heet: T he RTS,S malaria vaccine candidate (Mosquirix TM )"/><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Ripley Ballou|first1=W.|last2=Cahill|first2=Conor P.|title=Two Decades of Commitment to Malaria Vaccine Development: Glaxosmithkline Biologicals|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1706/|accessdate=19 April 2017}}</ref> || |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 1987 || Vaccine development || Researchers working at [[wikipedia:GlaxoSmithKline|GlaxoSmithKline]]’s (GSK) laboratories, develop RTS,S | + | | 1987 || Vaccine development || Researchers working at [[wikipedia:GlaxoSmithKline|GlaxoSmithKline]]’s (GSK) laboratories, develop malaria vaccine candidate [[wikipedia:RTS,S|RTS,S]] (Mosquirix TM).<ref name="Fact s heet: T he RTS,S malaria vaccine candidate (Mosquirix TM )"/> It is the first vaccine created by combining the malaria CS protein and [[wikipedia:hepatitis B|hepatitis B]] surface antigen.<ref name="Fact s heet: T he RTS,S malaria vaccine candidate (Mosquirix TM )"/> || [[wikipedia:United Kingdom|United Kingdom]] |
|- | |- | ||
| 1995 || Vaccine development (trial) || First [[wikipedia:RTS,S|RTS,S]] clinical tests in humans are conducted in adults in the United States.<ref name="Fact s heet: T he RTS,S malaria vaccine candidate (Mosquirix TM )"/> || [[wikipedia:United States|United States]] | | 1995 || Vaccine development (trial) || First [[wikipedia:RTS,S|RTS,S]] clinical tests in humans are conducted in adults in the United States.<ref name="Fact s heet: T he RTS,S malaria vaccine candidate (Mosquirix TM )"/> || [[wikipedia:United States|United States]] | ||
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| 2014 || Vaccine development (trial) || Initial phase- III result at 18 months of [[wikipedia:RTS,S|RTS,S]] trial introduction shows the vaccine efficacy of 46% in children and 27% among young infants against the clinical [[wikipedia:malaria|malaria]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Malaria Vaccine Development: Recent Advances alongside the Barriers|url=https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/malaria-vaccine-development-recent-advances-alongside-the-barriers-2155-9597-1000300.php?aid=84407|website=omicsonline.org|accessdate=18 April 2017}}</ref> || | | 2014 || Vaccine development (trial) || Initial phase- III result at 18 months of [[wikipedia:RTS,S|RTS,S]] trial introduction shows the vaccine efficacy of 46% in children and 27% among young infants against the clinical [[wikipedia:malaria|malaria]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Malaria Vaccine Development: Recent Advances alongside the Barriers|url=https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/malaria-vaccine-development-recent-advances-alongside-the-barriers-2155-9597-1000300.php?aid=84407|website=omicsonline.org|accessdate=18 April 2017}}</ref> || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 2015 (July) || || | + | | 2015 (July) || Policy || The [[wikipedia:Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use|Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use]] (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) announces having adopted a positive scientific opinion, for [[wikipedia:GlaxoSmithKline|GSK]]’s malaria candidate vaccine [[wikipedia:RTS,S|RTS,S]] (Mosquirix TM), in children aged 6 weeks to 17 months.<ref name="Fact s heet: T he RTS,S malaria vaccine candidate (Mosquirix TM )">{{cite web|title=Fact s heet: T he RTS,S malaria vaccine candidate (Mosquirix TM )|url=http://www.malariavaccine.org/files/MVI-GSK-RTSSfactsheetFINAL-web.pdf|accessdate=17 April 2017}}</ref><ref name="Questions and answers on RTS,S/ASO1 malaria vaccine"/> || |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 2016 || || | + | | 2016 || Policy || Following the opinion of the [[wikipedia:Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use|CHMP]], The [[wikipedia:World Health organization|World Health organization]] recommends that the pilot implementations use the 4-dose schedule of the RTS,S/AS01 vaccine in 3–5 distinct epide |
| − | miological settings in sub-Saharan Africa, at subnational level, covering moderate-to-high transmission settings, | + | miological settings in sub-Saharan Africa, at subnational level, covering moderate-to-high transmission settings, with three doses administered to children between 5 and 9 months of age, followed by a fourth dose 15–18 months later.<ref name="Mosquirix™"/><ref name="Questions and answers on RTS,S/ASO1 malaria vaccine"/> || |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 2016 || || | + | | 2016 || Vaccine development (trial) || The [[wikipedia:World Health organization|World Health organization]] announces that the RTS,S vaccine would be rolled out in pilot projects in 3 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The pilot programme, would assess the extent to which the vaccine’s protective effect shown in advanced clinical trials (Phase III) can be replicated in real-life settings. The program would evaluate the feasibility of delivering the required 4 doses of the vaccine; the impact of the vaccine on lives saved; and the safety of the vaccine in the context of routine use.<ref name="Questions and answers on RTS,S/ASO1 malaria vaccine">{{cite web|title=Questions and answers on RTS,S/ASO1 malaria vaccine|url=http://www.who.int/immunization/research/development/malaria_vaccine_qa/en/|website=who.int|accessdate=17 April 2017}}</ref> || |
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 11:34, 21 April 2017
This is a timeline of malaria vaccine, attempting to describe its development. "Malaria is the most important parasitic disease of humans and efforts to develop effective vaccines span more than six decades"[1]
Big picture
| Year/period | Key developments | |
|---|---|---|
| 1960s | "Modern malaria vaccine development stems from immunization studies of mice with irradiated sporozoites, conducted in the 1960s [10], and subsequent analyses of the mechanisms of immunity in this model [11]."[1] |
Full timeline
| Year/period | Type of event | Event | Location |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1942 | Immunology study | Studies of inactivated sporozoite immunization show apparently beneficial effect of combining induction of cellular and humoral immune responses against malaria of domestic fowl.[1] | |
| 1967 | Immunology study | Research on avian malaria shows that killed sporozoites as well as sporozoites inactivated with ultraviolet light can produce a partial immunity after injection into birds.[2][3] | |
| 1970 | Immunology study | Research reveals immune cross protection against malaria in rodent systems.[4] | |
| 1983 | The first publications for cloning malaria antigens appear.[3] | ||
| 1984 | Program launch | The Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR) and British pharmaceutical company GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) initiate collaboration to produce a malaria vaccine using GSK’s recombinant escherichia coli expression systems.[5][6] | |
| 1987 | Vaccine development | Researchers working at GlaxoSmithKline’s (GSK) laboratories, develop malaria vaccine candidate RTS,S (Mosquirix TM).[5] It is the first vaccine created by combining the malaria CS protein and hepatitis B surface antigen.[5] | United Kingdom |
| 1995 | Vaccine development (trial) | First RTS,S clinical tests in humans are conducted in adults in the United States.[5] | United States |
| 1997 | Vaccine development (trial) | RTS,S vaccine Key proof-of-concept (PoC) study shows 100% protection in 6 of 7 volunteers in challenge trial.[5] | |
| 1998 | Vaccine development (trial) | First RTS,S trials in Africa are conducted in Gambia.[5] | Gambia |
| 1999 | Program launch | The PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative (MVI) is established, with aims at accelerating the development of malaria vaccines and catalyzing timely access in endemic countries. [7][8] | |
| 2001 | Organization | The GSK/MVI partnership (GlaxoSmithKline and PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative (MVI)) initiates, with grants from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to PATH, with aims at developing RTS,S vaccine for infants and young children living in malaria-endemic regions in Sub-Saharan Africa."[5] | |
| 2004 | "Koy PoC study in children in the Mozambique"[5] | ||
| 2006 | Program launch | The Malaria Vaccine Technology Roadmap launches.[9][10] | |
| 2007 | Phase II results in African children and infants are published in the LANCET and NEJM"[5] | ||
| 2009-2014 | Vaccine development (trial) | RTS,S vaccine phase III study is launched in Kisumu, Kenya, in July, under the auspices of the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/CDC Research and Public Health Collaboration.[5][11] The trial would end in 2014, involving 15,459 infants and young children at 11 sites in seven African countries, being the largest malaria vaccine trial in Africa to date.[7][12] | Burkina Faso, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, and Tanzania |
| 2011 | Vaccine development (trial) | RTS,S vaccine Phase III trials results, released in October, show that in children aged 5-17 months, vaccination with RTS,S reduce the risk of clinical malaria and severe malaria by 56% and 47%, respectively. However, further results released show the vaccine less effective in infants aged 6-12 weeks at first vaccination.[13] | Africa |
| 2013 | The Malaria Vaccine Technology Roadmap (launched in 2006) is updated in November. The update represents a blueprint for second generation malaria vaccine development, including a new Vision, two new Strategic Goals and 13 priority activities.[9] | ||
| 2014 | Vaccine development (trial) | Initial phase- III result at 18 months of RTS,S trial introduction shows the vaccine efficacy of 46% in children and 27% among young infants against the clinical malaria.[14] | |
| 2015 (July) | Policy | The Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) announces having adopted a positive scientific opinion, for GSK’s malaria candidate vaccine RTS,S (Mosquirix TM), in children aged 6 weeks to 17 months.[5][15] | |
| 2016 | Policy | Following the opinion of the CHMP, The World Health organization recommends that the pilot implementations use the 4-dose schedule of the RTS,S/AS01 vaccine in 3–5 distinct epide
miological settings in sub-Saharan Africa, at subnational level, covering moderate-to-high transmission settings, with three doses administered to children between 5 and 9 months of age, followed by a fourth dose 15–18 months later.[7][15] || | |
| 2016 | Vaccine development (trial) | The World Health organization announces that the RTS,S vaccine would be rolled out in pilot projects in 3 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The pilot programme, would assess the extent to which the vaccine’s protective effect shown in advanced clinical trials (Phase III) can be replicated in real-life settings. The program would evaluate the feasibility of delivering the required 4 doses of the vaccine; the impact of the vaccine on lives saved; and the safety of the vaccine in the context of routine use.[15] |
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Vaccines against malaria". royalsocietypublishing.org. Retrieved 18 April 2017.
- ↑ "Protective Immunity produced by the Injection of X-irradiated Sporozoites of Plasmodium berghei". nature.com. Retrieved 18 April 2017.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Malaria Vaccine Design: Immunological Considerations". sciencedirect.com. Retrieved 18 April 2017.
- ↑ Peters, Wallace. Antimalarial Drugs I: Biological Background, Experimental Methods, and Drug Resistance. Retrieved 19 April 2017.
- ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 "Fact s heet: T he RTS,S malaria vaccine candidate (Mosquirix TM )" (PDF). Retrieved 17 April 2017.
- ↑ Ripley Ballou, W.; Cahill, Conor P. "Two Decades of Commitment to Malaria Vaccine Development: Glaxosmithkline Biologicals". Retrieved 19 April 2017.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 "Fact sheet: R TS,S malaria vaccine candidate (Mosquirix™)" (PDF). malariavaccine.org. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
- ↑ "Malaria Vaccine Initiative". inyvax.eu. Retrieved 18 April 2017.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals". who.int. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
- ↑ "Malaria vaccine technology roadmap". doi:http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(13)62238-2/fulltext Check
|doi=value (help). Retrieved 18 April 2017. - ↑ "Malaria Vaccine". cdc.gov. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
- ↑ "Advances and challenges in malaria vaccine development". PMC 2994342
. doi:10.1172/JCI44423. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
- ↑ "Malaria and Malaria Vaccine Candidates". historyofvaccines.org. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
- ↑ "Malaria Vaccine Development: Recent Advances alongside the Barriers". omicsonline.org. Retrieved 18 April 2017.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 "Questions and answers on RTS,S/ASO1 malaria vaccine". who.int. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
